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161. Antipsychotics-Adults Executive (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/antipsychotics-adults_executive.pdf
     August 01, 2012 - the Clinical Global Impression–Improvement (CGI–I) and Clinical Global Impression–Severity (CGI–S) scales … No differences were observed for the other five scales of general symptoms assessed. … Few studies compared the same antipsychotic medications and dosage using similar measures; various scales … Consensus is needed regarding outcomes and measures used to assess outcomes. … Numerous studies provided data on core illness symptoms; however, many different scales were used to

162. Evidence Report on the (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/measuring-blood-pressure_research-protocol.pdf
     April 11, 2011 -  Surrogate outcomes (KQs 1b, 2, 3, and 4) o Cardiac measures – Left ventricular hypertrophy … o Not: adherence to SMBP monitoring o Health care–process measures such health care encounters (visits … o Not just as a device to measure the outcome BP. … Analytic Framework PATIENTS WITH HYPERTENSION Surrogate outcomes > Cardiac measures … hypertension/ 5 exp Self Care/ 6 (3 or 4) and 5 7 ((blood pressure or hypertens$) and self and (measure

163. Microsoft Word - Comparative_Effectiveness_Research_Review_Disposition_of_Comments_Report_Final_120710_refs_delinked1.docx (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/autism_disposition-comments.pdf
     November 01, 2010 - Varied instruments were used for different children to measure outcomes for the same domain. … Strength of evidence is a measure of our confidence in the results currently observed. … We do not intend to imply that within group change is a measure of treatment effect. … because it can be argued that many different interventions distally focus on skills that impact these scales … skills various treatments tend to directly address (i.e., proximal measures) and do not measure the

164. Peripheral-Artery-Disease-Treatment Executive (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/peripheral-artery-disease-treatment_executive.pdf
     May 01, 2013 - Continuous outcome measures comparing two treatments made on different scales (such as quality-of-life … RCTs reporting continuous outcome measures on different scales (such as functional capacity and quality-of-life … interval. 18 • A random-effects meta-analysis of 10 studies examining the difference in the SF-36 measure … thought to be less responsive to change than a disease- specific measure is. … However, we would expect that RCTs or 37 prospective cohort studies would make it a priority to measure

165. Evidence-based Practice Center Systematic Review Protocol (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/case-management_research-protocol.pdf
     June 06, 2011 - and cost are other relevant outcome measures. … Process measure outcomes (include but are not limited to): adherence to therapy; missed appointments … 3: In adults with medical illness and complex care needs, does case management affect process measure … Does the effectiveness of case management for process measure outcomes differ according to patient … Does the effectiveness of case management for process measure outcomes differ according to intervention

166. Heart-Failure-Transition-Care Executive (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/heart-failure-transition-care_executive.pdf
     May 01, 2014 - For continuous outcomes (e.g., scales of quality of life or functional status) measured with the same … When we combined multiple scales in one meta-analysis, we used the standardized mean difference, Cohen … Given the heterogeneity of included interventions, we were unable to develop a single measure of intensity … included trials had to enroll patients during or soon after a hospitalization for HF and also had to measure … Future research should include validated measures of caregiver burden, patient-reported measures of

167. Methods Guide for Comparative Effectiveness Reviews - Expanded Guidance on Selected Quantitative Synthesis Topics (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/quantitative-synthesis-expanded-methods_methods.pdf
     March 01, 2013 - This section discusses different ways of presenting and interpreting various effect measures. … or effect size meta-analyses can be used if the same outcome was assessed on different measurement scales … Results, however, are expressed in units of standard deviations, rather than in units of any measurement scales … For example, Hansen et al.33 combined functional outcomes measured on different scales in placebo-controlled … investigators could consider calculating an approximation of mean difference on the included measurement scales

168. Observed Association Between Antidepressant Use and Pneumonia Risk Was Confounded by Comorbidity Measures | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/antidepressants-seniors-pneumonia/research

169. Evidence-based Practice Center Systematic Review Protocol: Malnutrition in Hospitalized Adults (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/malnutrition-hospitalized-adults-protocol.pdf
     October 19, 2020 - These measures intend to help assign accountability for the assessment and treatment of malnutrition … Ultimately, the findings of this review will aid in the development of quality measures that will reduce … How do outcomes vary depending on measures or tools used to detect malnutrition? b. … We recognize that well-defined populations are key to measure development, and that granularity about … The following population relevant measures are frequently used within hospital settings to measure severity

170. PKU Surveillance Assessment_CER 56_Low (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/phenylketonuria_surveillance.pdf
     January 15, 2013 - Nineteen unique studies determined to be too heterogeneous with respect to the neuropsychological measures … quality from poor to good, with varying doses, adherence rates, baseline Phe levels, and outcome measures … ), only 1 reported outcomes of interest, including measures of cognition and nutritional status (most … One expert mentioned a BioMarin PKU-016 study that measures outcomes of tetrahydrobiopterin in relation … Do Not Know with varying doses, adherence rates, baseline Phe levels, and outcome measures), only

171. Template for Draft Reports (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/osteoarthritis-knee-future_research.pdf
     February 01, 2013 - MCIDs were determined for several outcomes scales, but not used consistently. … MCIDs in scales were determined for 26 scales, but therapeutic studies did Examination, Evaluation, … What are the valid and reliable instruments used to measure patient-centered outcomes? … What are the valid and reliable instruments used to measure the following intermediate outcomes when … Several stakeholders mentioned the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology recommended set of outcomes measures

172. Nephropathy-Contrast-Induced Research-Protocol (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/nephropathy-contrast-induced_research-protocol.pdf
     October 01, 2013 - How does the comparative effectiveness of prevention measures vary according to the type of contrast … and the method of ascertainment, and the results for each outcome including the measure of variability … A test for the presence of statistical heterogeneity, for example, Cochran’s Q test, as well as a measure … clear and defensible rationale would be provided for identifying “outlier” studies.36,38 We will measure … will collect long-term outcomes at least 30 days post procedure, and any longer-term final outcome measure

173. Mrsa-Screening-2010 Research-Protocol (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/mrsa-screening-2010_research-protocol.pdf
     January 01, 2010 - Despite the adoption of a number of measures to prevent spread, the incidence of MRSA infection at … The impact of screening is likely to be exceptionally sensitive to the measures deployed once MRSA … As has been noted, adherence to basic prevention measures, such as hand hygiene and the use of personal … □ Sample variability measures □ Precision of estimate □ p values Regression modeling … O Were outcome measures clearly valid, reliable, and equally applied to treatment groups?

174. Back-Pain-Imaging Clinician (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/back-pain-imaging_clinician.pdf
     April 01, 2016 - Clinician Summary STUDY DESIGN AND OUTCOME MEASURES This prospective observational study en- rolled … significantly different at any time point between the early imaging and no early imaging groups for measures … The two groups did not differ on these measures at other time points and did not differ on other patient-reported … Adjustments were made for the site in each analysis. »» Baseline measures were administered up to 3

175. EHC Protocol: Making Healthcare Safer IV: Engaging Family Caregivers with Structured Communication for Safe Care Transitions (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/engaging-caregivers-protocol.pdf
     August 04, 2023 - What patient safety measures or indicators have been used to examine these harms? 3. … conducting a systematic search for all evidence on the targeted harms and related patient safety measures … For Review Question 2, we will focus on identifying relevant measures that are included in the The … For Review Question 2, we will focus on identifying relevant measures that are included in the Centers … for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) patient safety measures, AHRQ’s Patient Safety Indicators, or

176. Management of Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors in Youth (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/suicidal-thoughts-young-people-draft-protocol.pdf
     March 14, 2024 - disorders, such as MDD, bipolar disorder, and substance use disorders.8 There are diverse outcome measures … that are consistently based on subjective self-reported measures for suicidal ideation with variable … also provided critical suggestions on evaluating outcomes by the timing of occurrence and specific scales … used to measure the severity of suicidal ideation. … We also added examples of scales that are commonly used to measure suicidal ideation and intent and

177. Suicidal-Thoughts-Young-People-Amendement-May-2025 (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/suicidal-thoughts-young-people-amendement-may-2025.pdf
     January 01, 2025 - disorders, such as MDD, bipolar disorder, and substance use disorders.8 There are diverse outcome measures … that are consistently based on subjective self-reported measures for suicidal ideation with variable … also provided critical suggestions on evaluating outcomes by the timing of occurrence and specific scales … used to measure the severity of suicidal ideation. … We also added examples of scales that are commonly used to measure suicidal ideation and intent and

178. Disposition of Comments for Treatment of Glaucoma: Comparative Effectiveness (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/glaucoma-treatment_disposition-comments.pdf
     April 01, 2012 - KQ1 is focused on severe visual impairment, which is not an appropriate measure on ethical or practical … of visual impairment, rather than as a disconnected, indirect measure that requires research to link … Due to the chronic and slow progression of glaucoma, it is difficult to measure outcomes associated … Preference-based instruments measure the value that the patient puts on his/her quality of life. … points were lost on the VFQ composite score, and more than one point on the Dependency and Driving Scales

179. EHC Protocol: Addressing Social Isolation To Improve Health of Older Adults: A Rapid Evidence Review (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/high-risk-drugs-protocol.pdf
     July 27, 2023 - What patient safety measures or indicators have been used to examine the harm associated anticoagulant … For Review Question 2, we will focus on identifying relevant measures that are included in the Centers … for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) patient safety measures, AHRQ’s Patient Safety Indicators, … or the National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA) patient safety-related measures. … Contextual information: • Rationale for PSPs • Patient safety measures or indicators • Toolkits and

180. Making Healthcare Safer IV: Fatigue and Sleepiness of Clinicians Due to Hours of Service (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/fatigue-sleepiness-protocol.pdf
     July 01, 2023 - What patient safety measures or indicators have been used to examine the harm associated with fatigue … We will focus on the harms and patient safety measures or indicators that are addressed in the studies … For Review Question 2, we will focus on identifying relevant measures that are included in the Centers … for Medicare & Medicaid 5 Services (CMS) patient safety measures, AHRQ’s Patient Safety Indicators … , or the National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA) patient safety related measures.