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121. The Empirical Evidence of Bias in Trials Measuring Treatment Differences | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/treatment-effects-bias/research
     September 29, 2014 - Studies differed markedly on a number of dimensions including measures/scales used to measure biases,

122. Disruptive-Behavior-Disorder Executive (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/disruptive-behavior-disorder_executive.pdf
     October 01, 2015 - reported significantly improved disruptive behaviors as measured by the ECBI Intensity and/or Problem scales … these reported that the treatment arm experienced significantly reduced ECBI Intensity and Problem scales … One study defined criminal offenses as its primary outcome measure and reported that the proportion … to 9 weeks, and no studies reported functional outcomes beyond statistically significant shifts on scales … The same effects as measured by multiple scales within an individual study were not always consistent

123. Disposition of Comments for CER 204 Methods for Evaluating Natural Experiments in Obesity (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cer-204-obesity-disposition-comments.pdf
     December 01, 2017 - The outcome measures are appropriate. … These measures are categorized based on the NCCOR Measures Registry. … We took these categories from the NCCOR Measure Registry. … You are correct, several studies used more than one method to measure outcomes. … Already stated that they all had only one pre- measure.

124. Topic Suggestion Description | Effective Health Care Program
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/get-involved/nominated-topics/measurement-and-outcomes-need-consensus-definitions-state-medicaid-programs-need-robust-hedis-and-ncqa-measures-for-all-severe-and-persistent-mental-health-conditions-consensus-definitions-would-help-answer-questions-such-as-
     November 23, 2010 - “Does the use of validated and evidence-based outcomes measures improve clinician outcomes?” … —meaning, does the provider get better at what he or she does through the use of outcomes measures? … “Do systems of care get better when they use validated, evidence-based outcomes measures?” … —meaning, do whole systems get better at what they are intended to do through the use of outcomes measures … Providers support and work to adopt national measures.

125. Interventions for Dyspnea in Patients With Advanced Cancer | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/dyspnea-advanced-cancer/protocol
     October 22, 2019 - This tool must include patient-or caregiver-reported measures of anxiety. … Respiratory rate Oxygen or carbon dioxide/ bicarbonate levels Heart rate Blood pressure Objective measure … Which measurement scales should we use to measure breathlessness in palliative care? … with acceptable face or content validity, reliability, and/or construct validity. 14 Observational scales … For the purposes of this report focusing on breathlessness, we wanted to focus on an objective measure

126. Evidence Summary_Comparative Effectiveness Review No. 255: Transitions of Care From Pediatric to Adult Services for Children With Special Healthcare Needs (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cer-255-transitions-care-pediatric-to-adult-services-evidence-summary.pdf
     May 01, 2022 - exists for effective transition of care from pediatric to adult services for CSHCN, nor is a single measure … or set of measures consistently used to evaluate effectiveness of transitions of care … Further, this review discusses definitions and measures for effective healthcare transition for CSHCN … Studies also used a diverse set of outcome measures to evaluate intervention effects. … Similarly, no single measure or set of measures is used in this body of research.

127. 13-MDM347013 30..38 (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/whitepaper4-bossuyt02262010-2.pdf
     January 01, 2009 - Existing testing trials and studies do not always have a health outcome as the primary outcome measure … Researchers sometimes focus on an outcome measure for which they hope to demonstrate a benefit, such … on patients, beyond the primary clinical outcome measures. … one feels that testing may lead to clinically relevant anxiety, 7 one of the existing anxiety scales … These scales are probably not sensitive enough to detect more subtle changes, which could help to explain

128. 13-MDM347013 30..38 (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/outcomes-testing-evaluation_research.pdf
     January 01, 2009 - Existing testing trials and studies do not always have a health outcome as the primary outcome measure … Researchers sometimes focus on an outcome measure for which they hope to demonstrate a benefit, such … on patients, beyond the primary clinical outcome measures. … one feels that testing may lead to clinically relevant anxiety, 7 one of the existing anxiety scales … These scales are probably not sensitive enough to detect more subtle changes, which could help to explain

129. Effective Health Care (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/TND_0398_06-17-2008.pdf
     January 01, 2008 - What are the benefits and associated costs of using hematologic measures such as percentage of hypochromic … erythrocytes or reticulocyte hemoglobin content in relation to other measures of iron metabolic status … What are the benefits and associated costs of using hematologic measures such as percentage of hypochromic … erythrocytes or reticulocyte hemoglobin content in relation to other measures of iron metabolic status … What is the most effective interval in which to measure markers of iron metabolic status to achieve

130. Rapid Evidence Product Addressing Social Isolation To Improve the Health of Older Adults A Rapid Review (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/rapid-social-isolation-older-adults-final.pdf
     February 01, 2019 - intervention included two-hour sessions once a week of physical activity (e.g., walking, stretching, and weights … When studies reported overall results of scales (such as the SF-36) that also had subscales (such as … We extracted reported measures of social isolation and included measures of social capital, social networks … isolation data Intervention • Program consisted of physical activity (walking, stretching and weights … Measures of social isolation and loneliness Study Construct: Measure Measure Explanation/Questions

131. Assessment Tools for Palliative Care | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/palliative-care-tools/research-protocol
     April 14, 2016 - In the mid-1990s, Teno and colleagues published the first TIME Toolkit of Instruments to Measure End-of-Life … Questionnaire"[tiab] OR "self report"[tiab] OR instrument[tiab] OR instruments[tiab] OR scale[tiab] OR scales … Toolkit of Instruments to Measure End of Life Care (TIME). … PROMIS: Measures. … Grid-Enabled Measures Database.

132. Fecal-Incontinence Research-Protocol (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/fecal-incontinence_research-protocol.pdf
     November 30, 2014 - measures, a lack of measures for some patient-important outcomes (such as urgency), limited long-term … Outcomes measurement issues inherent in the psychometric properties of the questionnaires used to measure … whether or not the measure provides a composite or subscale scores.28,30,31,33 • FI episode counts … Yes Valid measures, groups ~ equivalent No Nonvalidated measures or nonequivalent groups Uncertain … Yes Measures were valid and reliable (i.e., objective measure, validated scale/tool); consistent across

133. Expanded Guidance on Selected Quantitative Synthesis Topics | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/quantitative-synthesis-expanded-methods/methods
     March 13, 2013 - This section discusses different ways of presenting and interpreting various effect measures. … or effect size meta-analyses can be used if the same outcome was assessed on different measurement scales … Results, however, are expressed in units of standard deviations, rather than in units of any measurement scales … For example, Hansen et al. 33 combined functional outcomes measured on different scales in placebo-controlled … investigators could consider calculating an approximation of mean difference on the included measurement scales

134. Disposition of Comments for Technical Brief 18 Public Reporting of Cost Measures in Health (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/public-reporting-cost-measures_disposition-comments.pdf
     March 05, 2015 - Disposition of Comments for Technical Brief 18 Public Reporting of Cost Measures in Health Technical … Another measure of comprehensive information that would be more specific to the consumers’ needs. … We use the summery measure to summarize and not to say they that are equally important. b. … In box 1 (on page 4) we define what we mean when we say a cost measure: A financial measure of cost … Taxonomy Table 3: Information on value – please include more discussion of how sites define and measure

135. Comparative Effectiveness of Diagnosis and Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Adults | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/sleep-apnea/research-protocol
     March 15, 2010 - Subjective (e.g., Epworth sleepiness scales); only validated measures Objective (e.g., Multiple Sleep … Latency Test, Maintenance of Wakefulness Test); only validated measures General symptom scales ( … e.g., diagnostic screening questionnaires); only validated measures Psychological function scales; … only validated measures Cognitive or Executive function scales; only validated measures Physical … function scales; only validated measures Accidents ascribed to somnolence (e.g., motor vehicle, home

136. Usefulness of Economic Evaluation Data in Systematic Reviews of Evidence (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/economic-evaluation-data_research.pdf
     October 01, 2012 - Summary measures of equity and efficiency o Cost of illness: A measure of the expected lifetime costs … o Burden of disease: A measure of the costs (and possibly quality of life and potential years of life … o Quality of life: A broad measure that is often, but not always, combined with costs in assessing … All Measures All Measures Summary Measures & Supply Summary Measures & Demand Dictated … X X X X Summary Measures Summary Measures Summary Measures Summary Measures Summary Measures

137. Evidence-based Practice Center Systematic Review Protocol (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/sleep-apnea_research-protocol.pdf
     March 15, 2010 - Subjective (e.g., Epworth sleepiness scales); only validated measures ii. … General symptom scales (e.g., diagnostic screening questionnaires); only validated measures d. … Psychological function scales; only validated measures e. … Cognitive or Executive function scales; only validated measures f. … Physical function scales; only validated measures g.

138. SEAD Submission Form for Pediatric Quality Measures Program 3.0: An Evidence Map of Measures for Vision, Hearing, and Developmental Screening and Followup | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/form/pqmp

139. Impact of Indexing Performance Measure Codes | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/performance-measure-codes
     September 14, 2018 - Impact of Indexing Performance Measure Codes Timeline September 13, 2018 Topic Initiated … September 14, 2018 Research Report Assessing the Impact of Indexing Performance Measure

140. Methods Guide for Comparative Effectiveness Reviews - Expanded Guidance on Selected Quantitative Synthesis Topics (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/quantitative-synthesis-expanded-methods_methods.pdf
     March 01, 2013 - This section discusses different ways of presenting and interpreting various effect measures. … or effect size meta-analyses can be used if the same outcome was assessed on different measurement scales … Results, however, are expressed in units of standard deviations, rather than in units of any measurement scales … For example, Hansen et al.33 combined functional outcomes measured on different scales in placebo-controlled … investigators could consider calculating an approximation of mean difference on the included measurement scales