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401. Screening for Unhealthy Drug Use: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/R3y9LSud52CGL8mG4wvxoT
     June 09, 2020 - MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Sensitivity, specificity, drug use and other health, social, and legal outcomes … Drug use severity was analyzed as a standardized mean difference, given heterogeneity in measurement scales … Outcomes: No measure of drug use reported (KQs 1, 3, 4, 5); no measure related to sensitivity and specificity … Only 3 trials reported on a measure of global function or well-being with no clear effect. … Drug use during pregnancy: validating the Drug Abuse Screening Test against physiological measures.

402. Vision Screening in Children Aged 6Months to 5 Years: Evidence Report and Systematic Review (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/Jwn6dWRHvK3C9oJCV6hLKc
     September 05, 2017 - MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Visual acuity, amblyopia, school performance, functioning, quality of life … To provide a consistent metric for visual acuity outcome measures, results were converted to loga­ rithm … of the minimal angle of resolution (logMAR) measurements using established conversion charts.31 Measures … visual acuity are generally reported as Snellen (eg, 20/20, 20/25, 20/30, 20/40, 20/50) or logMAR scales … Improving the reliability of visual acuity measures in young children.

403. Screening for Family and Intimate Partner Violence - Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/Home/GetFile/1/516/famviolrs/pdf
     March 01, 2004 - and postpartum mothers support these findings, although the outcomes in these studies were short-term measures … health examination, but recommended that physicians be alert for indicators of abuse and institute measures

404. Final Research Plan: Sexually Transmitted Infections: Behavioral Counseling | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/sexually-transmitted-infections
     May 01, 2025 - or decrease in protective behaviors Healthcare avoidance Psychological harms Self-reported measures

405. Screening and Interventions to Prevent Dental Caries in Children Younger Than 5 Years: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the USPSTF (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/vv5kXtX5QDg2948gog66pd
     December 07, 2021 - use of cluster randomization, follow-up duration, var- nish frequency, use of additional oral health measures … preschool, baseline car- ies status, adequate community fluoridation, provision of addi- tional oral health measures … −0.43 (−1.16 to 0.06) 64 .22 No 630-32,38,41,43 −1.62 (−3.26 to −0.33) 81 Additional oral health measures … 733,34,36,37,39,42,45 0.84 (0.69 to 1.00) 48 .57 No 530,31,38,40,43 0.74 (0.47 to 1.07) 79 Additional oral health measures … A randomised controlled trial to measure the effects and costs of a dental caries prevention regime for

406. Archived: Evidence Summary: Falls Prevention in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/falls-prevention-in-older-adults-interventions-2018
     April 17, 2018 - Main Outcomes and Measures: Number of falls (number of unexpected events in which a person comes to … 79 A 2016 systematic review of tools for assessing risk of falls concluded that no single test or measure … included in the review (56 measures including history questions, self-report measures, and performance-based … measures) was an accurate diagnostic tool. 80 Given the complex set of factors contributing to falls … in older individuals, combining measures may help to accurately predict future falls; however, such

407. Final Research Plan: Skin Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/skin-cancer-screening
     March 25, 2021 - Non-skin location Risk reduction behaviors (e.g., skin self-examination, sun protective behaviors) or measures

408. Final Research Plan: Prevention of Dental Caries in Children Younger Than 5 Years: Screening and Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/prevention-of-dental-caries-in-children-younger-than-age-5-years-screening-and-interventions1
     January 02, 2020 - life, and function KQ 2 (screening) and KQ 1 (preventive interventions): Diagnostic accuracy and measures

409. Final Research Plan: Prevention of Acquisition of HIV: Preexposure Prophylaxis | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/prevention-of-human-immunodeficiency-virus-hiv-infection-pre-exposure-prophylaxis
     January 13, 2022 - pregnancy-related outcomes; for KQ 2, lipid parameters and weight gain KQ 3: Diagnostic accuracy measures

410. Benefits and Harms of Computed Tomography Lung Cancer Screening Programs for High Risk Populations (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/RkeQEwKRWULreuWecXG8S-
     July 01, 2013 - We briefly describe how each model computes this measure. … Composite measures of the number of screenings per lung cancer averted and per life-year gained are … number of screenings and lung cancer deaths averted but represents a noticeable tradeoff between the measures

411. Recommendation: Healthy Diet and Physical Activity for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Adults Without Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: Behavioral Counseling Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/healthy-lifestyle-and-physical-activity-for-cvd-prevention-adults-without-known-risk-factors-behavioral-counseling
     July 26, 2022 - were associated with lower blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and adiposity measures … activity behavioral counseling interventions on intermediate outcomes such as blood pressure or adiposity measures … were associated with greater changes in intermediate outcomes, specifically lower LDL-C and adiposity measures … limiting robust analysis, with few group differences. 1 , 38 A variety of self-reported quality of life measures

412. Evidence Summary: Osteoporosis to Prevent Fractures: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary/osteoporosis-screening
     January 14, 2025 - Main Outcomes and Measures: Hip, clinical vertebral, major osteoporotic, and total fractures; mortality … fracture) 4 Articles from 4 unique cohorts 41 , 63 , 91 , 100 (18,145) Inconsistent calibration measures

413. Cdmdmwet-Hgdkfdveywrn (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/CdmDMWet-hgdKFDVEYwRN_
     May 01, 2014 - Research to develop and validate tools to measure current and past substance use is needed. … The studies used an unusual and difficult-to-interpret measure of drug use.

414. Ovxmtapc8Tcpqzvrkeyhyd (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/ovXMtAPc8TCPQzVRkEYhyd
     August 01, 2013 - In all areas related to child mal- treatment, more data are needed on how best to measure outcomes related … with the draft recommendation; several other comments noted the limitations of using CPS reports as a measure … The USPSTF recognizes the limita- tions of the evidence on child maltreatment measures and outcomes and

415. Information for Professionals | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation-topics/tools-and-resources-for-better-preventive-care
     The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) is a 21-item, self-report rating inventory that measures

416. Behavioral Counseling to Promote a Healthful Diet and Physical Activity for CVD Prevention in Adults Without Known CVD Risk Factors: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the USPSTF (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/DTRggkjEPQ5-ALArTjrhKT
     July 11, 2017 - MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Cardiometabolic health and intermediate outcomes, behavioral outcomes, and … The standard- ized effect size when pooling 46 trials that reported any continu- ous measure of physical … Only 4 trials reported measures of sedentary behavior inde- pendent of physical activity behavior. … variable levels of evi- dence of the reliability and validity of the measures. … The tools and summary variables used to measure physical activity were even more inconsistent.

417. 827Cwgymvawpvovg Syjpf (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/827CwGYMVawpVoVg_syJpF
     October 01, 2015 - Serum ferritin, which is often used to measure iron status, may have limited use during pregnancy because … identification and correction of iron deficiency anemia plays an important role and whether current measures

418. Evidence Summary: Breastfeeding: Primary Care Behavioral Counseling Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/breastfeeding-primary-care-interventions
     April 11, 2025 - Main Outcomes and Measures: Child and maternal health outcomes, prevalence, and duration of any and … 1 101 of the 90 included trials (N = 49,597) reported the effects of an intervention on at least 1 measure … = 0.0%). 24 , 33 , 56 , 59 , 71 , 77 , 99 , 108 In the subset of trials that reported continuous measures … “problems” between those in the intervention vs usual care groups in 22 studies that reported these measures

419. Draft Research Plan: Vision in Children Ages 6 Months to 5 Years: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/draft-research-plan/vision-screening-children-ages-6-months-5-years
     April 24, 2025 - likelihood ratios, and diagnostic odds ratios (or ability to calculate such outcomes from data provided); measures

420. Draft Research Plan: Sexually Transmitted Infections: Behavioral Counseling | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/draft-research-plan/sexually-transmitted-infections
     January 16, 2025 - decrease in protective behaviors Healthcare avoidance Psychological harms Self-reported measures