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41. Archived: Final Evidence Summary: Speech and Language Delay in Preschool Children: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary47/speech-and-language-delay-in-preschool-children-screening
    February 15, 2006 - , 80 , 85 and by scores on standardized instruments, such as the Reynell Expressive and Receptive Scales … 85 and the MacArthur Communicative Development Inventories. 80 , 93  The most widely used outcome measure … Fair Rescorla, 2001 61 422 Language Development Survey Bayley Scales … ; improvement on 1 measure for parent vs. clinician group Not reported Poor … Early language screening in City and Hackney: The concurrent validity of a measure designed for use with

42. Archived: Final Evidence Summary: Speech and Language Delay in Preschool Children: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary47/speech-and-language-delay-in-preschool-children-screening-2006
    February 15, 2006 - , 80 , 85 and by scores on standardized instruments, such as the Reynell Expressive and Receptive Scales … 85 and the MacArthur Communicative Development Inventories. 80 , 93  The most widely used outcome measure … Fair Rescorla, 2001 61 422 Language Development Survey Bayley Scales … ; improvement on 1 measure for parent vs. clinician group Not reported Poor … Early language screening in City and Hackney: The concurrent validity of a measure designed for use with

43. Archived: Colorectal Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/colorectal-cancer-screening-june-2016
    June 15, 2016 - and a more efficient balance between life-years gained and lifetime number of colonoscopies (a proxy measure … The findings for CT colonography depend on the proxy measure used for the burden of screening (number … of life-years gained, colorectal cancer deaths averted, lifetime colonoscopies required (as a proxy measure … findings depend on the perspective taken: if lifetime number of colonoscopies is used as the proxy measure … of benefits and harms in CISNET modeling when lifetime number of colonoscopies is used as the proxy measure

44. Primary Care Interventions to Prevent Child Maltreatment: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the USPSTF (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/DPq7_eawq-Ts6XLowaTaNA
    November 27, 2018 - MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Direct measures (including reports to child protective services and removal … Studies needed to report at least 1 direct or proxy measure of abuse or neglect to be eligible. … Child Development as Measured by the Bayley Scales of Child Development | Four trials21,22,26-32,34 reported … on child develop- ment as measured by the Bayley Scales of Child Development (eTable 28 and eTable 29 … factors; one intervention may not be readily generalizable to other (pediatric practice) settings Bayley Scales

45. Draft Recommendation: Prevention of Child Maltreatment: Primary Care Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/draft-recommendation/primary-care-interventions-child-maltreatment
    August 29, 2023 - of child maltreatment. 1 Direct measures include direct evidence of physical, sexual, or emotional … of abuse. 1 If direct or intermediate measures of abuse were reported, other measures, including behavioral … none reported group differences. 1 Of four trials (n=1,638) evaluating outcomes based on the Bayley Scales … Outcome measures could also include those outside the child welfare system (e.g., composite measures) … In addition, consistency in outcome measure definitions, outcome types, and outcome timing across studies

46. Screening for Speech and Language Delay in Preschool Children: Systematic Evidence Review (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/cmJ4Bm9BysHuBX2Wy8MQbc
    December 07, 2005 - 78, 80, 85 and by scores on standardized instruments, such as the Reynell Expressive and Receptive Scales … , 85 and the MacArthur Communicative Development Inventories.80, 93 The most widely used outcome measure … Early language screening in City and Hackney: The concurrent validity of a measure designed for use … Home Parent 91% 87% Good- Fair Klee, 200060 64 Language Development Survey Infant Mullen Scales … control; improvement on 1 measure for parent vs. clinician group Not reported Poor Girolametto,

47. Evidence Summary: Gynecological Conditions: Periodic Screening With the Pelvic Examination | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/gynecological-conditions-screening-with-the-pelvic-examination
    March 07, 2017 - At least 2 reviewers critically appraised included studies using the Newcastle Ottawa Scales 22 for … (95% CI) c Sensitivity Measures (95% CI) c Specificity Measures (95% CI) c PPV Measures … (95% CI) c NPV Measures (95% CI) c False-Positive Rate Measures (95% CI) c False-Negative … (95% CI) b Sensitivity Measure (95% CI) b Specificity Measure (95% CI) b … PPV Measure (95% CI) b NPV Measure (95% CI) b False-Positive Rate Measure (

48. Overdiagnosis in Prostate Cancer Screening Decision Models: A Contextual Review for the USPSTF (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/KT7vaWK_JSDNNvEmUAjN8d
    May 01, 2018 - Metric Used to Measure Overdiagnosis The “frequency” of overdiagnosis is generally presented as a … A measure of the frequency of overdiagnosis using the third denominator estimates the lifetime risk … cancers divided by the number of screen-detected cancers) will be higher than a measure that uses the … Both of these measures will be higher than a measure of overdiagnosis based on the third denominator … The exact measures being reported can be difficult to glean from a publication.10 Related to the issue

49. Recommendation: High Body Mass Index in Children and Adolescents: Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/obesity-in-children-and-adolescents-screening
    June 18, 2024 - BMI is an imperfect measure of adiposity and is not an equivalent measure of adiposity across all racial … studies with more contact hours (≥26 contact hours), the mean difference in change in quality-of-life measures … was 3.8 points (95% CI, 3.6 to 4.1) (most scales ranged from 0-100). 1 , 10 No studies reported longer-term … improvement in weight-related quality of life than placebo (mean difference, 5.3 [95% CI, 0.2 to 8.3]) (scales … The PedsQL 4.0 as a pediatric population health measure: feasibility, reliability, and validity.

50. Archived: Vitamin D Deficiency: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/vitamin-d-deficiency-screening-november-2014
    November 24, 2014 - Screening Tests Numerous testing methods to measure serum 25-(OH)D are available. … cardiovascular disease, depression, and death. 1-3 Detection Many testing methods are available that measure … deficiency; however, these findings are inconsistent. 1 Screening Tests Current vitamin D assays measure … using an internationally accepted reference standard, and whether total serum 25-(OH)D is the best measure … Accuracy of Screening Tests Despite the availability of many tests that measure total serum 25-(OH)

51. Archived: Obesity: Screening, 1996 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/obesity-screening-1996
    January 01, 1996 - that are based on percentile distributions of body size attained at specific ages. 2 An alternative measure … Skinfold thickness is a more direct measure of adiposity than BMI and correlates well with body fat content … Body mass index as a measure of body fatness: age- and sex-specific prediction formulas. … Weight-for-height indices as measures of adiposity in children. … Use of anthropometric measures to assess weight loss.

52. Overdiagnosis in Prostate Cancer Screening Decision Models: A Contextual Review for the USPSTF (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/Home/GetFile/1/16812/prostate-models-overdiagnosis/pdf
    May 01, 2018 - Metric Used to Measure Overdiagnosis The “frequency” of overdiagnosis is generally presented as a … A measure of the frequency of overdiagnosis using the third denominator estimates the lifetime risk … cancers divided by the number of screen-detected cancers) will be higher than a measure that uses the … Both of these measures will be higher than a measure of overdiagnosis based on the third denominator … The exact measures being reported can be difficult to glean from a publication.10 Related to the issue

53. Task Force Issues Draft Recommendation Statement on Screening for Gestational Diabetes (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/sites/default/files/file/supporting_documents/gestational-diabetes-screening-draft-rec-bulletin.pdf
    March 15, 2021 - Screening for gestational diabetes includes drinking a sugary solution and having blood draws to measure

54. Behavioral Counseling Research and Evidence-Based Practice Recommendations: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Perspectives | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/about-uspstf/methods-and-processes/behavioral-counseling-research-and-evidence-based-practice-recommendations-us-preventive-services-task-force-perspectives
    March 01, 2014 - To complicate matters further, different assessment methods can be used to compute the same outcome measure … reported outcomes. 14 The evidence review also reported an association between the type of outcome measure … Few behavioral counseling studies are designed to measure effects on health outcomes, such as death; … and measures of health status and other health outcomes. … Pragmatic methods, measures, and models to facilitate research translation. 

55. Screening for Obesity in Children and Adolescents: Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/DMDPeSf_nEUM-HrVrX6c7U
    June 20, 2017 - Clinically Important Weight Loss Research studies use a standardized measure (z score) of BMI. … This measure helps compare results among children of different ages and over time as children grow. … improvements in lipid or fasting plasma glucose levels but some improvements in insulin or glucose measures … One trial reported quality-of-life measures and found no differences between intervention and pla­ cebo … The use of measures of obesity in childhood for predicting obesity and the development of obesity-related

56. Txncztmvpe5Ftseqts6Obm (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/TxnCztmvpE5FtsEqts6oBM
    November 01, 2015 - (A recom- mendation) The USPSTF recommends obtaining measure- ments outside of the clinical setting … Measure- ments are typically taken at 20- to 30-minute intervals. … 1.56) 1.40 (1.21–1.62) 1.36 (1.04–1.79) 1.02 (0.86–1.20) 1.13 (1.08–1.19) 1.09 (0.92–1.29) 0.5 21 Weights … adjusted) HR (95% CI) 1.17 (1.02–1.33) 1.23 (1.00–1.51) 1.39 (1.22–1.59) 1.22 (1.09–1.37) 0.5 21 Weights … the Oscar 2 ambulatory blood pressure monitor among research participants: a cross-sectional repeated measures

57. Archived: High Blood Pressure in Adults, Children, and Adolescents: Screening, 2003 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/high-blood-pressure-adults-children-adolescents-screening-2003
    April 01, 2003 - There are some data to suggest that ambulatory blood pressure measurement (that provides a measure of … When performed correctly, sphygmomanometry provides a measure of blood pressure that is highly correlated … Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring provides a measure of average blood pressure over 24 hours as opposed … How to measure blood pressure. JAMA 1995;273:1211–8. 13. McAlister FA, Straus SE.

58. Final Evidence Summary: Depression and Suicide Risk in Children and Adolescents: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary27/screening-depression-suicide-risk-children-adolescents
    October 11, 2022 - all-cause mortality; quality of life measured using validated instruments; and functioning (validated scales … resulting from psychotherapy interventions, but this finding was statistically significant for only 1 measure … Screening for adolescent depression: a comparison of depression scales. … fluoxetine, and their combination; 1 on collaborative care) (n = 2152) Psychotherapy:    Varied by measure … difference Pharmacotherapy:    Statistically significant differences favoring pharmacotherapy for 1 measure

59. Final Recommendation Statement: Prevention of Child Maltreatment: Primary Care Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/RecommendationStatementFinal/child-maltreatment-primary-care-interventions
    March 19, 2024 - There is no gold standard for these instruments; measures to validate instruments (eg, CPS reports) are … of abuse. 1 , 21 If direct or intermediate measures of abuse were reported, other measures, including … reported group differences. 1 , 21 Of 4 trials (n = 1638) evaluating outcomes based on the Bayley Scales … Outcome measures could also include those outside the child welfare system (e.g., composite measures) … In addition, consistency in outcome measure definitions, outcome types, and outcome timing across studies

60. Interventions for High Body Mass Index in Children and Adolescents: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/kXAtzuxCxKJcHK9Fg63GA3
    April 01, 2023 - BMI is an imperfect measure of adiposity and is not an equivalent measure of adiposity across all racial … studies with more contact hours (�26 contact hours), the mean difference in change in quality-of-life measures … was 3.8 points (95% CI, 3.6 to 4.1) (most scales ranged from 0-100).1,10 No studies reported longer-term … improvement in weight-related quality of life than placebo (mean difference, 5.3 [95% CI, 0.2 to 8.3]) (scales … The PedsQL 4.0 as a pediatric population health measure: feasibility, reliability, and validity.