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181. Clinical Summary: Screening for Osteoporosis to Prevent Fractures (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/ShJmbuCXvmGjpnvyyR9PH_
     Clinical Summary: Screening for Osteoporosis to Prevent Fractures Clinical Summary: Screening for Osteoporosis to Prevent Fractures Population Women 65 years and older Postmenopausal women younger than 65 years at increased risk Men Recommendation Screen for osteoporosis. Grade: B Screen for oste…

182. Screening for Lipid Disorders in Children and Adolescents: Clinical Summary (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/WzcBGop2UHqGdxk9y_PMF-
     Screening for Lipid Disorders in Children and Adolescents: Clinical Summary Figure. Screening for Lipid Disorders in Children and Adolescents: Clinical Summary Population Asymptomatic children and adolescents 20 years or younger Recommendation No recommendation. Grade: I (insufficient evidence) …

183. Effectiveness of Primary Care–Relevant Treatments for Obesity in Adults: A Systematic Evidence Review for the USPSTF (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/hbSopN6uA9u-4EQuKtRGDP
     October 01, 2011 - 8.15) 350, –3.3 (9.35) 2377 160, –0.8 (5.49) 1082, –0.42 (5.59) 19, –5 (5.06) 1261 7302 30–3 Weights … 33.5) 340, 5.02 (20.1) 108, 8.11 (20.5) 2098 160, 3.86 (26.3) 19, –8 (28) 179 3169 –5 0–10 Weights … 18.6) 212, 3 (15.5) 340, 1 (13) 1644 160, –1.88 (17.3) 1027, –0.9 (6.41) 1187 6006 0–10 –5 Weights … Although summary measures showed small blood pressure reductions, absolute reductions of 2 to 5 mm Hg … overweight adults lead to short-term or sustained weight loss, with or without improved physiologic measures

184. Archived: Final Research Plan: Preeclampsia: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan109/preeclampsia-screening-april-2017
     August 14, 2014 - high risk for preeclampsia KQs 2, 3: Maternal characteristics and routinely collected clinical measures

185. Routine Iron Supplementation During Pregnancy: Review Article (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/3XUeA-_n8KhYeS95ohoo2_
     August 03, 2020 - Studies were excluded if they did not measure clinical outcomes in ei¬ ther the mother or newborn. … Birth weights below the 25th percentile oc¬ curred in 35% of women who responded to therapy (hematocrit … The investigators found no significant difference in the birth weights of the two groups (3264 g vs 3315 … Trials Most clinical trials of iron supplemen¬ tation have used changes in hématologie indexes as the measure … One of the first trials to assess health outcomes used subjective measures.

186. Final Research Plan: Impaired Visual Acuity in Older Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/impaired-visual-acuity-screening-older-adults
     June 04, 2020 - vision-related quality of life; functional capacity, including ability to drive and driving outcomes; other measures … specificity, positive and negative predictive values, areas under the receiver operating curve, and other measures

187. Final Research Plan: Illicit Drug Use in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults: Primary Care-Based Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/drug-use-illicit-primary-care-interventions-for-children-and-adolescents
     August 30, 2018 - educational outcomes KQ 2 (Behavioral outcomes): Drug use ( required ) (self-reported and/or biologic measures

188. Final Research Plan: Ovarian Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan153/ovarian-cancer-screening
     March 03, 2016 - Study quality Good and fair quality, according to USPSTF criteria and supplemental quality measures … Poor quality, according to USPSTF criteria and supplemental quality measures Language English

189. Evidence Summary: Healthy Diet and Physical Activity for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Adults With Cardiovascular Risk Factors: Behavioral Counseling Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/healthy-diet-and-physical-activity-counseling-adults-with-high-risk-of-cvd
     November 24, 2020 - of measure were disparate, and almost all outcomes were self-reported. … would be a more valuable outcome; however, the field lacks a consistent measure of overall optimal diet … The Healthy Eating Index is a validated measure of overall diet quality that assesses alignment with … associated with all-cause, CVD, and cancer mortality. 254 However, only 2 included studies reported this measure … Longitudinal accuracy of web-based self-reported weights: results from the Hopkins POWER Trial.

190. Screening for Suicide Risk in Adults: A Summary of the Evidence (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/cJSpoZqW2M7czx_-GeTdtE
     May 01, 2004 - (n = 119), 51% participated; those refusing were at a greater suicide risk as indicated by clinical measures … The 4 studies that evaluated depressive outcomes37–39,41 used 2 different scales for depression, requiring … Two trials measured whether problems had improved (a dichotomous measure rated by assessors blinded to … analysis of variance P < 0.05 by 2-way repeated- measures analysis of variance NS Mianserin (Mi) … Development of suicidal intent scales. In: Beck AT, Resnick HLP, Lettieri DJ, eds.

191. Archived: Final Evidence Summary: Suicide Risk: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary48/suicide-risk-screening-2004
     May 15, 2004 - 119), 51 percent participated; those refusing were at a greater suicide risk as indicated by clinical measures … The 4 studies that evaluated depressive outcomes 37-39 , 41 used 2 different scales for depression, … Two trials measured whether problems had improved (a dichotomous measure rated by assessors blinded to … analysis of variance P <0.05 by 2-way repeated-measures analysis of variance NS … Development of suicidal intent scales. In: Beck AT, Resnick HLP, Lettieri DJ, eds.

192. Benefits and Harms of Prostate-Specific Antigen Screening for Prostate Cancer: An Evidence Update (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/NhXnjZM5ubvygH5GrqDZHC
     August 01, 2008 - and content experts, we chose a broad definition of PSA screening that included evolving prognostic measures … However, a comparison of the per- formance characteristics of such measures with traditional single-threshold … differential loss to follow-up or overall high loss to follow- up; use of equal, valid, and reliable outcome measure … Although abnormal screening results did not affect sum- mary measures of anxiety or health-related quality … However, in the initial screening round of an RCT, health-related quality-of-life measures were not neg

193. Archived: Abnormal Blood Glucose and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/screening-for-abnormal-blood-glucose-and-type-2-diabetes-october-2015
     October 26, 2015 - Hemoglobin A 1c is a measure of long-term blood glucose concentration and is not affected by acute changes … Screening studies that follow larger numbers of participants for 20 years or longer and measure both … Effect of screening for type 2 diabetes on population-level self-rated health outcomes and measures of

194. Archived: Evidence Summary: Healthful Diet and Physical Activity for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Adults With Cardiovascular Risk Factors: Behavioral Counseling | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary2/healthy-diet-and-physical-activity-counseling-adults-with-high-risk-of-cvd-august-2014
     August 26, 2014 - bias and whether the distribution of the effect sizes was symmetrical with respect to the precision measure … early trial, the Risk Factor Intervention Trial (508 participants), found a reduction in a composite measure … Findings of benefit on self-reported QOL measures were mixed. … Although 3 combined lifestyle counseling interventions seemed to improve selected QOL measures 45 , … However, sparse reporting of both CVD events and self-reported measures of depression symptoms or QOL

195. Final Research Plan: Aspirin Use to Prevent Preeclampsia and Related Morbidity and Mortality: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/low-dose-aspirin-use-for-the-prevention-of-morbidity-and-mortality-from-preeclampsia-preventive-medication
     September 26, 2019 - Disseminated intravascular coagulation Mental health diagnoses or symptoms Maternal mortality Measures

196. Screening for Dementia in Primary Care: A Summary of the Evidence (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/B_Ae7DdLL7DNauBLXC-ptu
     June 01, 2003 - In most clinical research on Alzheimer’s disease, function is measured by 1 or both of 2 scales: the … Both the ADAS-Cog and the CIBIC scales are stable and sensitive to clinical change over time.66 The … The evidence is mixed, however, about the effects of cholinesterase inhibitors on functional measures … taking placebo in the development of behavioral and psychological symptoms, although not all trials measure … one that examined only the 4 highest quality studies, found an approximate 3% difference in cognitive scales

197. Screening for Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/h5Tt4jScmQJeHeztmo93hu
     February 25, 2020 - AChEIs and memantine improved measures of global cognitive function in the short term, but the magnitude … Among all interventions, there was no clear improvement in global or domain-specific measures of cognitive … Overall, there was a small improvement in caregiver burden and depression measures, primarily in persons … analysis of 4 of these trials (n = 668) showed no improvement in caregiver depression measures.16,17 … As noted, for interventions for which studies reported an improvement in measures, the average effect

198. Anxiety Screening: Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/CXDusYW7s2xdypXMpnW9sw
     June 20, 2023 - Standardized mean difference between groups (Hedges g) was the measure used for analysis, based on change … Brief Symptom Inventory–Anxiety; CBT, cognitive behavioral therapy; DASS, Depression Anxiety Stress Scales … 13 to 22 wk of follow-up Absolute differences in change ranged from −1.5 to 0.3 on 16- and 40-point scales … Incorporating PROMIS symptom measures into primary care practice—a randomized clinical trial. … A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: the GAD-7.

199. Cancer Older Adults (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/sites/default/files/inline-files/cancer_older_adults.pdf
     September 28, 2012 - Measures of func- tional status and health-related quality of life (HRQL) need to be included in trials … Preference-based HRQL measures use a conven- tional scale, with dead (the lack of health status)=0.00 … Quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) estimated using preference-based measures are a prominent method … are good measures in older adults can be found in a companion article (Feeny DH, Eckstrom EN, Whitlock … Outcomes Assessment in Cancer: Measures, Methods, and Applications.

200. Behavioral Counseling in Primary Care to Promote a Healthy Diet - Recommendations and Rationale (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/tdMpbcxNJQ-7Tr-KV8jF3f
     January 01, 2010 - strength of this evidence, however, is limited by reliance on self-reported diet outcomes, limited use of measures … Although community-based studies have evaluated measures to reduce dietary fat intake in children, no … schools) or have used physiologic outcomes such as cholesterol or weight rather than more comprehensive measures … Studies that assessed only physiologic measures (eg, lipid levels, weight, or body mass index [BMI]) … can provide a reasonably accurate picture of usual dietary patterns, with correlations with criterion measures