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161. Archived: Final Research Plan: Syphilis Infection in Nonpregnant Adults and Adolescents: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan95/syphilis-infection-in-nonpregnant-adults-and-adolescents-june-2016
     September 18, 2014 - including HIV transmission; other relevant clinical outcomes; rates of infection and other similar measures … of infection KQ 2: Detection of infection KQ 3: Diagnostic accuracy (i.e., measures of … the test's sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and other related measures

162. Risk Assessment for Cardiovascular Disease With Nontraditional Risk Factors: US Preventive Services Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/6cRgd5whkAvSGESSQsrQLR
     January 01, 2020 - alone; and whether adding nontraditional risk factors to existing CVD risk assessment models improves measures … CAC score is obtained by electron-beam or multidetector CT, which measure the calcium content in the … Coronary artery calcium score is obtained by electron-beam or multidetector computed tomography, which measure … assessment with traditional risk assessment plus the ABI, hsCRP level, or CAC scores are needed to measure … Calibration measures the agreement between ob- served and predicted outcomes, discrimination measures

163. Procedure Manual Section 3. Topic Work Plan Development | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/about-uspstf/methods-and-processes/procedure-manual/procedure-manual-section-3-topic-work-plan-development
     June 22, 2025 - Primary preventive measures are those provided to persons in a clinical setting to prevent the onset … the prevention of colorectal cancer, counseling for a healthful diet), whereas secondary preventive measures … symptoms, functional levels, and conditions that patients can feel or experience and are defined by measures … They are pathologic, physiological, psychological, social, or behavioral measures and other study endpoints … These are not direct measures of health but are indicators of positive or negative effects on the larger

164. Archived: Lipid Disorders in Adults (Cholesterol, Dyslipidemia): Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/lipid-disorders-in-adults-cholesterol-dyslipidemia-screening-2008
     December 30, 2013 - Accuracy of Screening Tests Serum lipid screening is an accurate measure of serum lipids.

165. Final Research Plan: Gestational Diabetes: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/gestational-diabetes-screening
     June 06, 2019 - What is the association between measures of serum glucose (e.g., fasting and postload glucose concentrations … Comparators KQs 1, 2: No screening; for KQ2, may be no intervention comparison if study authors measure

166. Screening for Cervical Cancer in Primary Care: A Decision Analysis for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/HZGtYqL_8u57Gkc6YFctmT
     August 21, 2018 - MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Lifetime number of tests, colposcopies, disease detection, false-positive … These measures were calcu- lated as the cumulative number of events or time spent in the dif- ferent … For ratios that used col- poscopies as a measure of harm, all strategies that referred hrHPV- positive … When num- ber of colposcopies was used as the measure of harm, cytology test- ing alone every 3 years … was associated with very low (ie, efficient) ratios; however, when using total tests as the measure

167. Interventions to Prevent Illicit and Nonmedical Drug Use in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the USPSTF (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/oaVhMNVAnx3b5-UUunZkjr
     December 17, 2018 - Nineteen trials reported a continuous measure, most com- monly the number of times illicit drugs were … Dichotomous measures were selected over continuous measures, 1-month time frames were selected over lon … trials.26,28,56 Most general prevention trials found no group differences on mental health symptom scales … 0.08 (–0.16 to 0.00) Favors intervention Favors control Vertical dashed line indicates the overall measure … trials) in general prevention trials Group differences were rarely found for a variety of mental health scales

168. Screening for Osteoporosis: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/pskqLZMFcHjhtEF75uG4AP
     January 01, 2012 - Be- cause of limitations in the precision of testing, a minimum of 2 years may be needed to reliably measure … The cur- rent diagnostic criteria for osteoporosis use DXA measure- ments as cutoffs, and the measurements

169. Archived: Hypertension: Screening, 1996 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/hypertension-screening-1996
     January 01, 1996 - Blood pressure and echocardiographic measures in children: the Bogalusa Heart Study.

170. 4Nuuvs6Nmztdbgjbg3Elke (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/4NUuvS6nmzTdBgjBg3ELkE
     January 01, 2020 - of Internal Medicine Volume 161 • Number 8 569 http://www.annals.org http://www.annals.org cision measure … Effectiveness of Counseling Only 16 included trials (7053 participants) reported measures of patient … trial, the Risk Factor Interven- tion Trial (508 participants), found a reduction in a com- posite measure … Findings of benefit on self-reported QOL measures were mixed. … Al- though 3 combined lifestyle counseling interventions seemed to improve selected QOL measures (45,

171. Evidence Summary: Healthy Diet and Physical Activity for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Adults Without Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: Behavioral Counseling Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary/healthy-lifestyle-and-physical-activity-for-cvd-prevention-adults-without-known-risk-factors-behavioral-counseling
     July 26, 2022 - Main Outcomes and Measures: CVD events, CVD risk factors, diet and physical activity measures, and harms … The specific behavioral outcomes, measures, and units of measurement were highly variable across the … Sixteen trials (n = 5867) reported measures of sedentary behavior, independent of physical activity. … 29 , 33 , 34 , 39-41 , 46 , 50 , 62 , 82 , 89 , 102 , 116 , 119 , 130 , 136 The measures and results … First, few studies were included that reported measures of intermediate cardiometabolic outcomes, and

172. Archived: Osteoporosis: Screening 2011 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/osteoporosis-screening-2011
     January 15, 2011 - Because of limitations in the precision of testing, a minimum of 2 years may be needed to reliably measure

173. Recommendation: Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/cognitive-impairment-in-older-adults-screening
     February 25, 2020 - AChEIs and memantine improved measures of global cognitive function in the short term, but the magnitude … Overall, there was a small improvement in caregiver burden and depression measures, primarily in persons … A pooled analysis of 4 of these trials (n = 668) showed no improvement in caregiver depression measures … As noted, for interventions for which studies reported an improvement in measures, the average effect … Adequate evidence that AChEIs and memantine have a small effect on measures of cognitive function in

174. USPSTF Clinician Summary of USPSTF Recommendation: Screening for Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/sDqbgrKcUkE2J9uCJnH_q7
     September 01, 2023 - USPSTF Clinician Summary of USPSTF Recommendation: Screening for Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy USPSTF Clinician Summary of USPSTF Recommendation Screening for Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy September 2023 What does the USPSTF recommend? B Grade Pregn…

175. Counseling to Prevent Skin Cancer: A Summary of the Evidence (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/exVc75LHoUdnqjY6wYxzGV
     June 01, 2003 - Outcome measure: new skin cancers. … Outcome measure: ratio of numbers of solar keratoses at end of study and beginning of study. … Outcome measures: 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels and 1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3. 86 of 87 completed one … Outcome measures: cumulative sun exposure, sunburn episodes. … Outcome measures: use of protective clothing, sunscreen, shade, hats with brim. 86 clinicians, including

176. Archived: Evidence Summary: Skin Cancer: Counseling, 2003 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/skin-cancer-counseling-2003
     October 06, 2003 - Outcome measure: new skin cancers. Analysis: intention-to-treat. … Outcome measure: ratio of numbers of solar keratoses at end of study and beginning of study. … Outcome measures: 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. … Outcome measures: cumulative sun exposure, sunburn episodes. … Outcome measures: use of protective clothing, sunscreen, shade, hats with brim.

177. Archived: Evidence Summary: Osteoporosis to Prevent Fractures: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary1/osteoporosis-screening-june-2018
     June 26, 2018 - Main Outcomes and Measures: Incident fractures and related morbidity and mortality, diagnostic and predictive … Thirty-five studies reported other measures of diagnostic accuracy (ie, sensitivity, specificity), but … was considerable heterogeneity in the patient populations studied and the anatomical sites used to measure … race Fair KQ3: Harms of Screening Women 1 (12,483) Anxiety: P = 0.15 for repeated measures … (variance NR) Quality of life: P >0.10 for repeated measures for Euroquol 5-Dimension and

178. Interventions for Weight Management in Children and Adolescents: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the USPSTF (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/e9f8a_uGMXxSbBUxpRPkrc
     June 18, 2024 - MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES BMI and other weight-related outcomes, cardiometabolic measures, quality of … cardiovascular-related morbidity or mortality, were reported in only 14 studies (n = 2558); 13 of these reported a measure … 1.9 [95% CI, 0.2-3.5]; 11 RCTs [n = 1922]; I2 = 48.4%) (eTable 5, eFigure 1 in the Supplement; most scales … the use of child report vs parent proxy report of QoL; variation in the use of subscales vs total QoL scales … The PedsQL 4.0 as a pediatric population health measure: feasibility, reliability, and validity.

179. Archived: Lipid Disorders in Children and Adolescents: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/lipid-disorders-in-children-screening-july-2016
     August 09, 2016 - inadequate evidence on the association between changes in intermediate lipid outcomes or noninvasive measures … longitudinal studies have documented an association between childhood lipid levels in this range and measures … hypercholesterolemia with statins substantially lowers LDL-C levels and, based on 1 study, improves measures … good-quality trial demonstrated no harms in anthropometric, laboratory, psychosocial, or sexual maturation measures … evidence on the association between changes in intermediate outcomes (e.g., lipid levels or noninvasive measures

180. Archived: Evidence Summary: Screening for Women and Elderly Adults: Intimate Partner Violence and Elderly Abuse: Screening, 2004 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary-screening-for-women-and-elderly-adults/intimate-partner-violence-and-elderly-abuse-screening-2004
     March 08, 2004 - Study design, patient populations and settings, methods of assessment or intervention, and outcome measures … Cronbach's alpha = 0.80), and its results correlated with the previously validated 19-item Conflict Tactics Scales … descriptions of individual elder abuse programs, but none included comparison groups or health outcome measures … There are many gaps in the evidence. 73 Definitions and measures of abuse, neglect, severity, and chronicity … These outcomes should include not only measures of reduced violence, but also improved quality of life