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101. Evidence Summary: Anxiety in Children and Adolescents: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary/screening-anxiety-children-adolescents
     October 11, 2022 - varied by outcome measure), response (pooled relative risk [RR], 1.89 [95% CI, 1.17 to 3.05]; n = 606 … instruments, clinical response, or remission; all-cause mortality; quality of life measured using validated scales … or instruments; and functioning measured by validated scales, missed days of school, or sleep-related … Brief measures to screen for social anxiety in adolescents. … of delivery for psychotherapy interventions) Time of outcome measurement (from baseline) Outcome measure

102. Final Research Plan: Vitamin D Deficiency in Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/vitamin-d-deficiency-screening
     January 24, 2019 - intermediate outcomes (i.e., bone mineral density, blood pressure, glucose levels, lipid levels, and measures … mass), behavioral outcomes (changes in diet or physical activity), or physical fitness/muscle strength measures

103. Archived: Osteoporosis to Prevent Fractures: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/osteoporosis-screening-june-2018
     June 26, 2018 - Central DXA measures BMD at the hip and lumbar spine. … by the USPSTF used central DXA to determine eligibility for study enrollment. 4 , 6 Peripheral DXA measures … predicting fracture risk as DXA, while avoiding the risk of radiation exposure; however, it does not measure … Central DXA uses radiation to measure BMD at central bone sites (hip and lumbar spine), which is the … , with a pooled estimate of 0.80 (95% CI, 0.67-0.94; 3 studies; n = 5142). 4 However, QUS does not measure

104. S9Hlyjmksx-Vsgx29Fpycp (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/S9HLYjMksx-vsGx29fpycp
     January 01, 2015 - Detection Many testing methods are available that measure total serum 25-(OH)D levels. … Numerous testing methods to measure serum 25-(OH)D are available. … Screening Tests Current vitamin D assays measure total serum 25- (OH)D levels to determine vitamin D … using an internationally accepted reference standard, and whether total serum 25-(OH)D is the best measure … Accuracy of Screening Tests Despite the availability of many tests that measure total serum 25-(OH)D

105. Final Research Plan: High Blood Pressure in Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan6/high-blood-pressure-in-adults-screening
     September 15, 2013 - hospitalization for coronary heart disease, atrial fibrillation, transient ischemic attack; composite measures … concordance for hypertension (e.g., r, r 2 , p-value for comparison of or difference of means) KQ 3a:  Measures

106. Archived: Final Research Plan: High Blood Pressure in Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan6/high-blood-pressure-in-adults-screening-october-2015
     September 15, 2013 - hospitalization for coronary heart disease, atrial fibrillation, transient ischemic attack; composite measures … concordance for hypertension (e.g., r, r 2 , p-value for comparison of or difference of means) KQ 3a:  Measures

107. Archived: Final Research Plan: High Blood Pressure in Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan6/high-blood-pressure-in-adults-screening-monitoring-october-2015
     September 15, 2013 - hospitalization for coronary heart disease, atrial fibrillation, transient ischemic attack; composite measures … concordance for hypertension (e.g., r, r 2 , p-value for comparison of or difference of means) KQ 3a:  Measures

108. Clinical Summary: Screening for Elevated Blood Lead Levels in Children and Pregnant Women (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/QTqVDfsBVr4hhQW6ByuDGT
     April 09, 2019 - Treatment and Interventions Treatment options include residential lead hazard control measures, educational … interventions (eg, counseling on household dust control measures), environmental interventions (eg,

109. Final Research Plan: Elevated Blood Lead Levels in Children and Pregnant Women: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/elevated-blood-lead-levels-in-childhood-and-pregnancy-screening
     October 13, 2016 - including head-to-head comparisons of two different interventions Outcomes KQs 1, 5: Validated measures … to chelation therapy (e.g., renal toxicity, sensitivity reactions) All other outcomes, including measures … blood lead levels KQ 2b: Observational studies assessing the accuracy of capillary sampling to measure … including head-to-head comparisons of two different interventions Outcomes KQs 1, 5: Validated measures … reactions); adverse effects of nutritional supplements (e.g., nausea) All other outcomes, including measures

110. Final Research Plan: Prevention of Child Maltreatment: Primary Care Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/primary-care-interventions-child-maltreatment
     May 19, 2022 - ., clinical interventions + media campaigns vs. usual care) Outcomes KQ 1: Direct or proxy measures … of abuse of neglect, and parent-reported measures of exposure to abuse or neglect KQ 2: None specified … The USPSTF clarified the language around the requirement that studies must report direct or proxy measures … was considered, direct and proxy measures of child maltreatment outcomes are included and expected to … For this reason, the USPSTF is not including parent-reported punishment and discipline measures.

111. Final Research Plan: Prevention of Child Maltreatment: Primary Care Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/child-maltreatment-primary-care-interventions
     May 19, 2022 - ., clinical interventions + media campaigns vs. usual care) Outcomes KQ 1: Direct or proxy measures … of abuse of neglect, and parent-reported measures of exposure to abuse or neglect KQ 2: None specified … The USPSTF clarified the language around the requirement that studies must report direct or proxy measures … was considered, direct and proxy measures of child maltreatment outcomes are included and expected to … For this reason, the USPSTF is not including parent-reported punishment and discipline measures.

112. Aspirin Use for the Prevention of Morbidity and Mortality From Preeclampsia (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/8mY8Vp8f2BntTAbxwX7mYk
     March 22, 2021 - (B Grade) Notes 1 mg/d milligrams per day; the measure of the

113. Screening for Vitamin D Deficiency in Adults (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/mfCpTLk3545hZq9yVv2R9J
     October 19, 2020 - Vitamin D levels in the blood can be difficult to measure accurately because of variations in testing

114. Screening for Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/RLxP2B-bg-HwjYKQh4_6bD
     March 06, 2023 - B Grade Notes 1 screening Using a blood pressure cuff to measure blood pressure during a prenatal

115. Archived: Preeclampsia: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/preeclampsia-screening-1996
     January 01, 1996 - fetus is considered to be the most definitive method to minimize preeclamptic complications, but other measures … Several therapeutic agents are being investigated as preventive measures for preeclampsia. … in pregnant women has not been determined and is left to clinical discretion it is most efficient to measure

116. Archived: Final Evidence Summary: Skin Cancer: Counseling, 2012 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary45/skin-cancer-counseling-2012
     May 15, 2012 - measures of sun exposure; or total, which are cumulative estimates of sun exposure. … Six case-control studies included some measure of total sun exposure, either during childhood, during … Most studies used crude measures of indoor tanning exposure. … Only 1 of 6 negative studies adjusted for both skin phenotype and some measure of sun exposure 90 . … Both of these studies, however, used only a crude dichotomous measure of sunscreen use.

117. Draft Research Plan: Vitamin D Deficiency in Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/draft-research-plan/vitamin-d-deficiency-screening-adults
     October 25, 2018 - between vitamin D use and selected intermediate outcomes (i.e., bone mineral density, blood pressure, and measures … mass), behavioral outcomes (changes in diet or physical activity), or physical fitness/muscle strength measures

118. Evidence Summary: Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary/hypertensive-disorders-pregnancy-screening
     September 19, 2023 - Main Outcomes and Measures: Morbidity or mortality, measures of health-related quality of life. … Included outcomes were mortality, morbidity related to hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, measures … consistent, reasonably precise for mental health/HRQoL Risk of bias higher for anxiety outcome measures … of the trials found differences in anxiety or postnatal depression between study groups; different measures

119. Final Research Plan: Vitamin D, Calcium, or Combined Supplementation for the Primary Prevention of Falls and Fractures in Community-Dwelling Adults: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/vitamin-d-calcium-combined-supplementation-primary-prevention-falls-fractures-communitydwelling-adults
     April 06, 2023 - Analytic Framework * Measures … KQ 1: Morphometric vertebral fractures; BMD; laboratory or functional measures of bone or muscle strength … or quality; fall efficacy measures; and basic activities of daily living. … addition of intermediate health outcomes such as bone mineral density, muscle function, and laboratory measures

120. Evidence Summary: Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/obstructive-sleep-apnea-in-adults-screening
     January 24, 2017 - This review covered a wide range of outcome measures and instruments; key measures and questionnaires … difference (WMD) between intervention and control was calculated for continuous outcomes; when multiple scales … CPAP and measures of cardiovascular risk in males with OSAS. … Type II monitors usually measure the same channels as type I monitors but are portable. … c Unlike other monitor types that measure SaO 2 by oximetry, type IV monitors may measure SaO 2 by