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101. Archived: Final Research Plan: Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan142/obstructive-sleep-apnea-in-adults-screening-january-2017
     October 30, 2014 - screening must include a comparison with polysomnography; studies on reliability of screening must include measures … the comparator Outcomes KQs 1, 5, 6: Mortality, quality of life (both disease-specific measures … , such as the Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire, and general measures, such as the 36-Item Short-Form … KQ 2: Sensitivity, specificity, discrimination, calibration KQ 3: Sensitivity and specificity; measures … daytime somnolence or sleepiness (e.g., measured with the Epworth Sleepiness Scale or other validated measures

102. Archived: Speech and Language Delay in Preschool Children: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/speech-and-language-delay-in-preschool-children-screening-2006
     February 15, 2006 - to 42 months of age who had expressive, receptive, or phonological impairments. 25 Only one outcome measure … Screening effectiveness of the Minnesota Child Development Inventory Expressive and Receptive Language Scales … Early language screening in City and Hackney: The concurrent validity of a measure designed for use with

103. Modeling Study: Cervical Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/modeling-study/cervical-cancer-screening
     August 21, 2018 - Main Outcomes and Measures: Lifetime number of tests, colposcopies, disease detection, false-positive … These measures were calculated as the cumulative number of events or time spent in the different health … For ratios that used colposcopies as a measure of harm, all strategies that referred hrHPV-positive women … When number of colposcopies was used as the measure of harm, cytology testing alone every 3 years was … associated with very low (ie, efficient) ratios; however, when using total tests as the measure of harm

104. Nontraditional Risk Factors in Cardiovascular Disease Risk Assessment: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the USPSTF (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/_nVeFxDCT9L-_cnDf_V3fK
     July 17, 2018 - MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Cardiovascular events, mortality, risk assessment performance measures (calibration … KQ2 studies were re- quired to include a measure of calibration, discrimination, or reclas- sification … This analysis uses the change in C statistic to measure discrimination. … The most commonly used measure in this review was the Net Reclassification Index (NRI), which captures … Across all 3 nontraditional risk factors, less than half of studies reported a measure of calibration

105. Archived: Final Research Plan: Falls Prevention in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/falls-prevention-in-older-adults-interventions-2018
     October 22, 2015 - than fractures that do not lead to an emergency department visit or hospitalization Quality of life measures … not listed in the inclusion criteria Disability measures other than activities of daily life and/or … instrumental activities of daily life Falls Efficacy Scale Function measures (e.g., Performance-Oriented … Balance Scale) KQ 2: Minor adverse events that are reported using nonvalidated, nongeneralizable measures

106. Archived: Final Evidence Summary: Intimate Partner Violence and Abuse of Elderly and Vulnerable Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary32/intimate-partner-violence-and-abuse-of-elderly-and-vulnerable-adults-screening-2013
     May 08, 2012 - To measure the performance of screening techniques, we included diagnostic accuracy studies of screening … in primary care, acute care, and obstetrics and gynecology sites. 39 Results of the analysis of a measure … Comparison between the abuse assessment screen and the revised conflict tactics scales for measuring … Screening Name Scales … Self-report instrument for adults that assesses abuse and neglect in childhood and includes separate scales

107. Archived: Preeclampsia: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/preeclampsia-screening-april-2017
     April 25, 2017 - Measures of anxiety over time did not change but were collected from less than half of the study participants

108. Archived: Evidence Summary: Osteoporosis: Screening 2011 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary6/osteoporosis-screening-2011
     July 06, 2010 - We did not include internally validated measures (imputation methods or cross-validation). … ‡ Per SD reduction in BMD or QUS measure, adjusted for age, weight, and clinic center. … § Per SD reduction in BMD or QUS measure, adjusted for age and clinic. … b Per SD reduction in BMD or QUS measure. ** Per SD reduction in QUS measure, adjusted for age, previous … ‡ Per SD reduction in BMD or QUS measure, adjusted for age, weight, and clinic center.

109. PII: S0749-3797(01)00266-5 (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/aJ-xmGLsKqLQbQsBqodKZ5
     January 01, 2001 - accurately on nonfasting venous or capillary blood samples, but LDL-C requires fasting samples for accurate measure

110. Final Evidence Summary: Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary/cognitive-impairment-in-older-adults-screening
     February 25, 2020 - in which continuous outcomes were measured using a variety of different instruments with differing scales … Functional assessment scales in detecting dementia. … The IQCODE versus a single-item informant measure to discriminate between cognitively intact individuals … c Global function measure compares improving or maintaining global function vs a decline in global function … across studies, with many providing little data on precise scales used Moderate evidence of small

111. Evidence Summary: Anxiety Disorders in Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary/anxiety-adults-screening
     June 20, 2023 - Standardized mean difference between groups (Hedges g) was the measure used for analysis, based on change … also found almost identical absolute change in its primary outcome of the General Severity Index, a measure … A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: the GAD-7. … Brief Symptom Inventory–Anxiety; CBT, cognitive behavioral therapy; DASS, Depression Anxiety Stress Scales … to 22 wk of follow-up Absolute differences in change ranged from −1.5 to 0.3 on 16- and 40-point scales

112. JAMA JATS (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/pKa4_DYwzuyD6RDgYzLMbo
     August 22, 2018 - With IPV/ Total (%) Follow-up, moIPV Measure Odds Ratio (95% CI) Klevens et al,12 2012 (primary care … Difference (95% CI) –1.5 Favors IPV Intervention Favors Control No. of Participants Intervention Type Measure … a CTS-2 scales: minor physical assault, psychological aggression, sexual coercion, severe physical assault … +12 calls) 1 (+12 calls) Setting PC FP ED FP PC PC PC PC PC PC PC FP PC PC PC FP PC PC PC Measure … Item Short Form Health Survey; WHOQOL-BREF, World Health Organization Quality of Life–BREF. a CTS-2 scales

113. Archived: Final Research Plan: Breast Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan97/breast-cancer-screening-january-2016
     July 17, 2014 - c Morbidity includes: physical adverse effects of treatment, quality of life measures, and other measures … cancer and treatment-related morbidity (i.e., physical adverse effects of treatment, quality of life measures … , other measures of impairment). … interrater reliability and accuracy of BI-RADS designations of breast density, as well as reproducibility of measures … within women and stability of measures over time (e.g., training sets, diagnostic accuracy studies with

114. Screening for Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Adults: Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the USPSTF (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/Rm4E5SooP2GnqJ_HVRA5M4
     January 01, 2017 - This review covered a wide range of outcome measures and instruments; key measures and questionnaires … difference (WMD) between intervention and control was calculated for continuous outcomes; when multiple scales … Type II monitors usually measure the same channels as type I monitors but are portable. … c Unlike other monitor types that measure SaO2 by oximetry, type IV monitors may measure SaO2 by oximetry … CPAP and measures of cardiovascular risk in males with OSAS.

115. Screening Women for Intimate Partner Violence: A Systematic Review to Update teh 2004 USPSTF Recommendation (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/MjwZ4vRLZDVUSnfMA6SrDo
     June 01, 2012 - To measure the performance of screen- ing techniques, we included diagnostic accuracy studies of screening … women completed the Composite Abuse Scale, a 30-item self-administered validated research instrument to measure … Results of the analysis of a measure developed to monitor adverse effects for this trial (Consequences … Comparison between the abuse assessment screen and the revised conflict tactics scales for measuring … Self-report instrument for adults that assesses abuse and neglect in childhood and includes separate scales

116. Archived: Evidence Summary: Intimate Partner Violence, Elder Abuse, and Abuse of Vulnerable Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/intimate-partner-violence-and-abuse-of-elderly-and-vulnerable-adults-screening-october-2018
     October 23, 2018 - Main Outcomes and Measures: Abuse or neglect, morbidity caused by abuse, test accuracy, and harms. … population had a relatively high prevalence of elder maltreatment based on CTS violence or verbal aggression scales … Compared with the CTS (violence and verbal aggression scales combined), the H-S/EAST tool had a sensitivity … a CTS-2 scales: minor physical assault, psychological aggression, sexual coercion, severe physical assault … a CTS-2 scales: sexual coercion, physical functioning, psychological aggression.

117. Archived: Evidence Summary: Osteoporosis: Screening, 2002 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/osteoporosis-screening-2002
     September 17, 2002 - reporting radiographically verified, nontraumatic fracture outcomes, because fractures are a stronger measure … caffeine; not walking for exercise; lack of ambulation; inability to rise from a chair; poor scores on two measures … Bone Density Tests Several technologies are available to measure bone density, 55-58 although correlations … risk is determined not only by bone density, but also by bone characteristics that are difficult to measure … Meta-analysis of how well measures of bone mineral density predict occurrence of osteoporotic fractures

118. Evidence Summary: Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary29/obstructive-sleep-apnea-in-adults-screening
     November 15, 2022 - The mean or median baseline AHI (or similar measure) for most trials was in the severe OSA range (AHI … Results shown as a mean difference in scores for each sleep-related QOL measure are provided in eFigure … Six RCTs reported on at least 1 QOL measure. 76 , 89 , 120 , 121 , 129 , 131 , 132 Overall, results … its construct validity (ie, authors have expressed uncertainty regarding whether it is an accurate measure … Studies Outcome measure

119. Screening for Postmenopausal Osteoporosis: A Summary of the Evidence (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/2kM7LY6ccceVo8bmdUXhYm
     September 01, 2002 - reporting radiographically verified, nontraumatic fracture outcomes, because fractures are a stronger measure … caffeine; not walking for exercise; lack of ambulation; inability to rise from a chair; poor scores on 2 measures … Bone Density Tests Several technologies are available to measure bone density,55-58 although correlations … risk is determined not only by bone density, but also by bone characteristics that are difficult to measure … Meta-analysis of how well measures of bone mineral density predict occurrence of osteoporotic fractures

120. Behavioral Counseling to Promote Physical Activity and a Healthful Diet to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease in Adults: A Systematic Review for the USPSTF (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/bF5BNLvASN5r9EnP3VTJPN
     December 01, 2010 - Trials that focused on physical activity–only counseling did not often report measures of adiposity, … can be dif- ficult to measure validly and reliably (Table 4). … , accelerometer, or actigraph (45, 48, 50, 64, 67, 106, 115, 118), and this measure was always used in … addition to a self-reported measure. … Greater use of objective measures to assess phys- ical activity would probably provide more accurate