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441. S108 (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/s108.pdf
     October 01, 2007 - The amount of variation of stabilized weights is an indication of the degree to which confounding is … For simulations in which time varying confounding was present, the stabilized weights ranged from 0.018 … Because measures of severity are approximations of “true” severity, biases due to residual confounding … Developing accurate measures of outcomes associated with different types of adverse events is a critical … Estimating the causal effect of zidovudine on CD4 count with a marginal structural model for repeated measures

442. Executive Summary_Comparative Effectiveness Review No. 263: Management of Postpartum Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cer-263-postpartum-hypertensive-pregnancy-executive-summary.pdf
     May 01, 2023 - Evidence from 5 single-arm studies indicates that most patients submit BP measures when given HBPM … antihypertensive medications (reported adjusted odds ratio [OR] and relative risk [RR] = 1.0; other measures … ascertainment in the early postpartum period, largely through greater adherence with reporting of BP measures

443. Evidence-based Practice Center Systematic Review Protocol (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/hepatitis-c-treatment-adherence_research-protocol.pdf
     September 13, 2011 - others may include the frequency and timing of administrating each dose as components in defining measures … Comparators: • Standard care and/or other HCV treatment adherence interventions Outcomes measures … • Definitions and measure of adherence: we will document the adherence definitions used in each study … regimen adherence (e.g., followup visits, laboratory tests); cut-off value for defining adherence; measure … We will document the results reported by the authors, including effect measures, point estimates, 95%

444. Disposition of Comments Report for Serum Free Light Chain Analysis for the Diagnosis, Management, and Prognosis of Plasma-Cell Dyscrasias (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/plasma-cell-dyscrasias-sflc-assay_disposition-comments.pdf
     August 23, 2012 - Definition criteria for outcome measures are appropriated as are statistical methods. … “Hospital stays” may be an unrealistic outcome to measure for a laboratory test (would performing a … We have removed it from the list of outcome measures; and indeed, we found no literature that addressed … worth mentioning that SFLC may be part of the original work up and there is no utility for using to measure … The test may be used only in the absence of other measures of M protein clonality in blood, urine or

445. PowerPoint Presentation (ppt file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/medical-test-reviews-strength-evidence.ppt
     June 01, 2012 - Principle 2: Consider Appropriate Test Characteristic Measures and Their Precision (1 of 4) The next … use of the test affects what should be considered the most important accuracy measures. … If a meta-analysis was performed, this will be the confidence interval around the summary measure(s) … This may be reported as confidence intervals around the summary measure(s) of test performance. … It shows need to evaluate the surrogate measure in the context of the clinical outcome.

446. PowerPoint Presentation (ppt file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/medical-test-reviews-strength-evidence.ppt
     June 01, 2012 - Principle 2: Consider Appropriate Test Characteristic Measures and Their Precision (1 of 4) The next … use of the test affects what should be considered the most important accuracy measures. … If a meta-analysis was performed, this will be the confidence interval around the summary measure(s) … This may be reported as confidence intervals around the summary measure(s) of test performance. … It shows need to evaluate the surrogate measure in the context of the clinical outcome.

447. Treatment of Dementia Among Community-Dwelling and Institutionalized Medicare Beneficiaries (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/dementia-databases-methods_research.pdf
     May 01, 2008 - The MCBS files also include survey 1 Effective Health Care Research Report Number 4 weights … Measures of cognition using the MDS- COGS correlate about 0.7 with the Mini-Mental State Examination. … Medication measures included the cholinesterase inhibitors, donepezil, galantamine, and rivastigmine … The MCBS survey weights are used to project national estimates for each measure. … Although we had no direct measure of severity of dementia for the community-dwelling sample, it is reasonable

448. Microsoft Word - 3-DKE274__ACEI-ARB-DRI__Comments_Disposition_Table-21_Jan_2011 cyk _2_.docx (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/ace-inhibitor-arb-update_disposition-comments.pdf
     October 07, 2011 - For example, when reporting an Odds Ratio (a relative measure), the authors also searched for the best … available absolute measure to provide context. … SMDs for meta-analysis, it is important to translate the final result back into clinically meaningful measures … Summary and Discussion The GRADE balance sheet (pg. 81) should include absolute measures, not just … the relative measures (odds ratios).

449. Disposition of Comments Report for Methods for Insulin Delivery and Glucose Monitoring (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/insulin-blood-sugar-2010_disposition-comments.pdf
     January 01, 2010 - Unlike medications, a subject does not just measure glucose and realize benefits or risks. … (I did not see that for the JRF study- which cited improved QOL for glycemic control and socal scales … In a broader view, all of the tools measure some aspect of quality of life. … While agreeing that the separate measures do all measure some aspect of quality of life, they each … measure different domains and have been verified in different settings.

450. Transparency of Reporting Requirements: Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Disease (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/transparency-omega-3_research-protocol.pdf
     September 02, 2016 - For observational studies (that evaluated associations between baseline intake or measures of n-3 FA … analysis refers [e.g., all assigned to an interventions, all receiving the intervention], the effect measure … potential increase in total study population sample size (>20%), a change in the magnitude of outcome measures … comparative studies, prospective or retrospective longitudinal (clinical outcomes, adverse events): measure … where groups are compared based on n-3 FA intake or intake biomarker values (clinical outcomes) : measure

451. Disposition of Comments for CER 151 Management of Postpartum Hemorrhage (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/hemorrhage-postpartum_disposition-comments.pdf
     April 28, 2015 - Showing an increase in the outcome measure (greater LOS and ICU admission) in 2 studies and no difference … Peer reviewer #1 Methods Are the definitions or diagnostic criteria for the outcome measures appropriate … TEP Reviewer #4 Methods Inclusion and exclusion criteria and outcome measures seem appropriate to me … Outcome measures are appropriate. … A universally accepted definition of postpartum hemorrhage and a universally accepted method to measure

452. Newer Medications for Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Associated With Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/prostatic-hyperplasia-medications_research-protocol.pdf
     April 21, 2015 - We will assess statistical heterogeneity with Cochran’s Q test and measure magnitude with I2 statistic … We will assess strength of evidence for key final health outcomes measured with validated scales. … Table 3: Symptom and Quality of Life Scales … "Benign prostatic hyperplasia specific health status measures in clinical research: how much change in … Accessed on health status measures in clinical AHRQ Publication No. 11-EHC019-EF.

453. ADHD-Update-protocol-160818 (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/adhd-update_research-protocol.pdf
     August 18, 2016 - , the Conner scales, and the SNAP-IV rating scales.21-23 Monitoring also includes assessment of any … Final Outcomes: Outcomes associated with having ADHD in childhood primarily are based on measures of … the diagnosis in the primary care setting and the diagnosis by the specialist will be converted into measures … Labeling will be any measure of stigma following diagnosis comparing those with and without ADHD. … o Risk of missed condition that can appear as ADHD (i.e., misdiagnosis) • Labeling will be any measure

454. Antipsychotics-Children-Surveillance-150120 (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/antipsychotics-children-surveillance-150120.pdf
     October 01, 2014 - aggression is possibly out of date, that the strength of evidence (SOE) for SGAs and improvement on mania scales … found similar common adverse events, with no clinically significant changes in movement disorder scales … For both the RCT and the OLE, no clinically significant mean changes in movement disorder scales, BMI … The primary efficacy measure was change in PANSS total score from baseline to day 42. … The primary outcome measure was to evaluate safety and tolerability of molindone in children with ADHD

455. Management of Uterine Fibroids - Evidence Summary (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/evidence-summary-cer-195-uterine-fibroids-final.pdf
     December 01, 2017 - Throughout this report, we refer to whether or not a study assessed change in specific measures including … One study reported a four percent reduction in size and those that reported volume measures documented … Studies consistently reported significant improvement in measures of quality of life symptoms (days … Four studies reporting the outcome consistently noted significant improvements in quality of life measures … Little continuity exists in approaches to measuring outcomes and use of unvalidated measures is common

456. Disposition of Comments for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Screening, Management, and Treatment (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/hypertension-pulmonary-arterial_disposition-comments.pdf
     April 25, 2013 - They are both tests that measure the same thing. … KQ2: This key question would be better stated as “Use of noninvasive measures to monitor response to … KQ1: Most outcome measures for echocardiography are good. … KQ2: Outcome measure in table 16(Page 64) are appropriate Thank you for your comment. … Additional biomarkers or combinations of echo measures should be evaluated.

457. Evidence Report on the (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/crohns-disease_research-protocol.pdf
     September 01, 2010 - Objectives We aim to compare the effectiveness, safety and patient-reported measures of individual … For children, we will also measure growth. … location), eligibility criteria, interventions (e.g., route of administration and dosing), outcome measures … and the method of ascertainment, and the results of each outcome, including measures of variability … This analysis will also generate the point estimates and measure of heterogeneity for each direct comparison

458. Evidence Report on the (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/glaucoma-screening_research-protocol.pdf
     November 16, 2010 - Testability— the ability to perform the test, including measures among those administering the test … Measures of treatment effect We will calculate summary risk ratios or odds ratios as appropriate for … standardized mean differences will be calculated if continuous outcomes are measured by using different scales

459. Disposition of Comments for Interventions for Adolescents and Young Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorders (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/autism-adolescents_disposition-comments.pdf
     August 27, 2012 - TEP #5 Discussion/ Conclusions 1) you say the ABC is the "best" outcome measure in terms of reliability … TEP #1 Discussion/ Conclusion My concern with the statement about outcome measures is that although … 28 of 31 studies may have employed "valid outcome measures," questions remain about the appropriateness … of some measures to really measuring meaningful outcomes in adolescents and adults. … As a rule, manuals on which to base fidelity measures are not available for these programs.

460. Evidence-based Practice Center Systematic Review Protocol (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/patient-safety-practices_research-protocol.pdf
     November 09, 2011 - Making Health Care Safer’s set of categories i.e., patient, clinical, and surrogate outcomes, process measures … , other things related to safety and no safety measures. … Measure high-priority contexts in the 4 domains a) External factors, such as regulatory requirements