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321. Comparative Effectiveness of Second Generation Antidepressants in the Pharmacologic Treatment of Adult Depression—An Update to a 2007 Report. (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/antidepressants-update_disposition-comments.pdf
     December 01, 2011 - 'Drug Interactions' is not really an outcome measure. … All studies used physician-rated scales to assess the main outcome measures. … Quality of life, however, was rarely assessed as a primary outcome measure. … Statistical heterogeneity also depends on the outcome measure of choice. … Relative outcome measures (e.g. ORs) are usually more stable than changes on scores.

322. genetic-testing-developmental-disabilities-protocol-140930 (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/genetic-testing-developmental-disabilities_research-protocol.pdf
     September 30, 2014 - abilities), Inventory for Client and Agency Planning, Scales of Independent Behavior, and Vineland … Adaptive Behavior Scales.16 Outcomes: Patient-centered health outcomes, changes in clinical or family … Analytic specificity: is defined as the ability of a measurement procedure to measure solely the analyte … the properties or characteristic it is intended to measure (e.g., a gene mutation)? … refers to the reaction that an assay may have with analytes other than the ones it is designed to measure

323. Making Healthcare Safer IV: Summary of Findings, 2023-2024 (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/mhs-IV-1-year-final-report-updated-title_0.pdf
     May 01, 2024 - o Future research should measure outcomes and unintended consequences in the same study to generate … primary recommendations for future research were studies with stronger designs and better outcome measures … ; and (3) multicomponent sepsis interventions showed improvement in at least one process measure, but … only two studies showed improvement in outcome measures. 5b. … primary recommendations for future research were studies with stronger designs and better outcome measures

324. Evidence Report on the (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/patient-centered-medical-home_research-protocol.pdf
     February 23, 2012 - Patient experiences, assessed using a validated measure. 2. … Patient experiences, assessed using a validated measure. b. … The last two will be assessed using validated measures. c. … To carry out these analyses, we will rank studies by impact level, based on an overall impact measure … Developing a quality measure for clinical inertia in diabetes care.

325. Depression-Postpartum-Screening Executive (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/depression-postpartum-screening_executive.pdf
     May 01, 2013 - This allows an approach that compares total tests or false-positive results as a measure of “cost” or … “harm” with a measure of benefit, such as “cases of depression detected.” … organization) were risk factors for depression. 12 Finally, although studies used a variety of different scales … All six provided some measure of appropriate diagnosis and treatment of depression. … In practice, this means not only agreement on which variables to collect, but how to measure and report

326. Disposition of Comments Report for Prevention of Healthcare-Associated Infections (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/health-careassociated-infections_disposition-comments.pdf
     November 30, 2012 - of the key issues with the VAP bundle adherence literature (and likely most literature on process measure … defs -- also good, although I have some mild concern regarding analysis of some process measure adherence … Outcome and process measures (definitions) also very well defined. … The focus is on change in adherence not the prevention measure. … Focus is on change in provider behavior, not the prevention measure specifically.

327. Pneumonia-Antibiotic-Treatment Executive (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/pneumonia-antibiotic-treatment_executive.pdf
     November 01, 2014 - 1 Comparative Effectiveness Review Number 136 Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Measures for Guiding … Of concern are both presumed benefits and harms of using PK/PD measures for these purposes. … For people with hospital-acquired pneumonia, how does using PK/PD measures to inform decisions about … For KQs 1 and 3, eligible comparators included: no use of PK/PD measures, different targets of PK/PD … Disposition of articles about using PK/PD measures in hospital-acquired pneumonia Key Question 1.

328. Developing and Piloting a Tool To Create Dot Plots To Summarize Pooled Data for Multiple Outcomes in Systematic Reviews (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/product/pdf/dot-plots-methods.pdf
     October 01, 2021 - For continuous outcomes, the issue of outcomes using different scales created an unanticipated challenge … however, it is not clear what would be displayed on the left side of the plot, as SMD is a unitless measure … In addition, because the SMD is a unitless measure, it is difficult for readers to interpret.

329. Disparities-Quality-Improvement Executive (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/disparities-quality-improvement_executive.pdf
     August 01, 2012 - To measure potential changes in disparity between patient groups, studies had to include a target and … Paper Selection Process We included studies that captured health outcome measures and/or process measures … outcomes such as blood pressure and HbA1c); process measures (e.g., proportion of patients treated … Inclusion of a target group and an internal or external referent group to measure changes in disparities … In addition, they were required to provide data that could be used to measure a disparity before and

330. Methods Research Report: Creating Efficiencies in the Extraction of Data From Randomized Trials (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/methods-report-creating-efficiencies-extraction-data.pdf
     August 01, 2021 - The authors did not measure time savings compared with extraction by human reviewers, acknowledging … The reviewers used a digital chronograph to measure the amount of time required to extract the data … Time Savings To measure the time saved by using ExaCT to assist with data extraction, the three reviewers … As with manual extraction, the reviewers used a digital chronograph to measure the time required to … The primary outcome was most commonly a measure of physiological (n = 22/75, 29.3%), behavioral (n =

331. EHC Protocol: Addressing Social Isolation To Improve Health of Older Adults: A Rapid Evidence Review (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/making-healthcare-safer-IV.pdf
     August 04, 2023 - What patient safety measures or indicators have been used to examine the harm associated with healthcare … and reporting of data to trend organism burden, identify patient and environmental reservoirs, and measure … conducting a systematic search for all evidence on the targeted harms and related patient safety measures … to organism of interest Utilization of health care services (focusing on the main utilization measure … What patient safety measures or indicators have been used to examine the harm associated with healthcare

332. Disposition of Comments for CER 202 Effectiveness and Safety of Bronchial Thermoplasty in the Management of Asthma (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cer-202-thermoplasty-comments.pdf
     December 14, 2017 - healthcare utilization was not directly measured within the AIR or RISA trials, these trials did measure … FEV1 data was collected in AIR2 as a safety measure, to confirm that pulmonary physiology does not … 2010 AIR2 trial, there existed a 96% PPS of an improvement in the asthma-specific quality of life measure … may not be clinically important, as it did not achieve the minimum important difference for this measure … Reviewer 10 Ann Roy on behalf of Boston Scientific Results Detailed Synthesis – Symptoms (secondary measure

333. CERs Report cover (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/hip-feature-treatment-future_research.pdf
     September 23, 2010 - 2 How important is it to have a tool box of validated outcomes measures? … Consistent use of validated outcome measures. … research would benefit from design and measurement improvements, and that the optimal outcomes to measure … Consistent use of validated quality of life and outcome assessment tools -crosswalk studies for each measure … Toolbox of approved, validated measures 3.

334. CER 221 Disposition of Comments: Pharmacologic and Nonpharmacologic Therapies in Adult Patients With Exacerbation of COPD (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cer-221-copd-comments_0.pdf
     October 11, 2019 - Peer reviewer #4 General Comments Issues around outcomes: A fully defined outcome includes domain, measure … The only missing items were specific measures for symptom scales and quality of life. … Peer reviewer #4 Methods Summary measures Are the methods appropriate? … : No Summary measures Are the methods reported clearly and accurately? … Symptoms, including cough, were reported using scales. When multiple scales used, we used SMD.

335. Assessing-The-Risk-Of-Bias-In-Systematic-Reviews-Of-Health-Care-Interventions (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/assessing-the-risk-of-bias-in-systematic-reviews-of-health-care-interventions-01_0.pdf
     May 01, 2005 - measurement bias; outcomes measures) measures) specifically validity, reliability, and variation … Choice of Outcome Measures The use of valid and reliable outcome measures reduces the likelihood of … risk reduction; selecting from multiple 9 endpoints47 or reporting on subscales of larger scales … Though the use of quantitative scales is a way to employ a transparent set of results, any weighting … Scales to assess the quality of randomized controlled trials: a systematic review.

336. Diagnosis and Management of Obsessive Compulsive Disorders in Children (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/ocd-protocol.pdf
     August 15, 2023 - Exclude: • Studies not reporting predictive validity that report other psychometric properties of scales … (PREMs) Patient reported outcome measure (PROMs) • Top Problems assessment (TPA) Quality of … Life (QoL) General and Health Related (HRQoL) (validated scales only)* • Quality of Life Enjoyment … include studies that evaluate the diagnostic accuracy (predictive validity) of different assessment scales … If reported, we will extract relevant measures at all reported thresholds.

337. Disposition of Comments for Screening of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/mrsa-screening-2010_disposition-comments.pdf
     January 01, 2010 - Lance Peterson describes a useful outcomes measure: the percent (%) of MRSA isolation days captured, … of the page, the report states that health care-associated MRSA acquisition is an indirect outcome measure … Acquisition is, in fact, the best measure of transmission of MRSA. … differentiate between acquisition of MRSA (colonization) versus infection as the primary outcome measure … Failure to specifically measure acquisition is a potential weakness of the study.

338. Disposition of Comments for CER 168 Infantile Hemangioma (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/infantile-hemangioma_disposition-comments.pdf
     January 15, 2016 - The criteria for outcome measures and strength of evidence are clearly stated. … In the opinion of clinical experts, and given the description of scales in each study, this was a reasonable … Two studies in the meta- analysis used VAS scales, one on a 10-point scale and one on a 100-point scale … Methods for dealing with these multiple scales are described in Appendix D. … This measure can be used comparatively by considering the difference in expected clearance.

339. Sleep-Apnea Surveillance (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/sleep-apnea_surveillance.pdf
     April 01, 2012 - The reported findings on sleep study and quality of life measures were heterogeneous across studies … disordered breathing: comparing the four-variable screening tool, STOP, STOP-Bang, and Epworth Sleepiness Scales … Silva, 201122; USA STOP, STOP-Bang, Epworth Sleepiness Scales, 4-Variable screening tool N=4,770, … Do Not Know AHI from baseline, quality of life, and most other sleep study measures. … Do Not Know AHI, ESS, and other sleep study measures.

340. PowerPoint Presentation (ppt file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/medical-test-reviews-options-summarizing.ppt
     June 01, 2012 - Instead, a set of diagnostic criteria (symptoms, signs, imaging results, and laboratory measures) is … For categorical test results: Cohen’s kappa statistic is a measure of categorical agreement that accounts … This statistic is a measure of categorical agreement that takes into account the probability that some … Portable monitors can also measure AHI. … PSG quantifies the Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI), which is a measure of episodes of reduced or no airflow