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241. Appendix-E-Table-E5 0 (xls file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/Appendix-E-Table-E5_0.xlsx
     November 04, 2021 - Cannabis cohort studies PMID Author, Year Study Design Setting Pain Population Pain Condition Age Measure … Female % Race, White % Race, Black % Race, Hispanic/Latino % Race, Asian % Race, other % Pain Duration Measure

242. Meditation Programs for Psychological Stress and Well-Being | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/meditation/research
     January 06, 2014 - effects of the interventions, we calculated the relative difference between groups in how each outcome measure

243. Change Score or Followup Score? An Empirical Evaluation of the Impact of Choice of Mean Difference Estimates | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/choice-of-mean/white-paper
     April 20, 2015 - typically measured at both baseline and followup time points, and mean difference is analyzed as the effect measure

244. Testing the Predictive Validity of Strength of Evidence Grades | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/grades-predictive-values/abstract
     September 14, 2015 - validity refers, in general terms, to the degree to which a score predicts an outcome on a criterion measure

245. A Systematic Review of Postpartum Home Blood Pressure Monitoring, Postpartum Treatment of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy, and Peripartum Magnesium Sulfate Regimens for Preeclampsia With Severe Features (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/product/pdf/hypertensive-disorders-pregnancy-protocol.pdf
     January 01, 2020 - access to care ▪ Quality of communication ▪ Support to manage HTN ▪ Patient Reported Experience Measure … Specific to postpartum population*, e.g., Mother-Generated Index, Functional Status After Childbirth scales … , PROM = patient reported outcome measure, QoL = quality of life IV. … Patient-reported outcome measures and patient-reported experience measures. … Design, Timing, and Setting details for systematic review search PREM Patient Reported Experience Measure

246. A Systematic Review of Postpartum Home Blood Pressure Monitoring, Postpartum Treatment of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy, and Peripartum Magnesium Sulfate Regimens for Preeclampsia With Severe Features (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/product/pdf/hypertensive-disorders-pregnancy-protocol-amendment.pdf
     April 20, 2022 - access to care ▪ Quality of communication ▪ Support to manage HTN ▪ Patient Reported Experience Measure … Specific to postpartum population*, e.g., Mother-Generated Index, Functional Status After Childbirth scales … , PROM = patient reported outcome measure, QoL = quality of life IV. … Patient-reported outcome measures and patient-reported experience measures. … Design, Timing, and Setting details for systematic review search PREM Patient Reported Experience Measure

247. Evidence Summary - Comparative Effectiveness Review No. 249: Malnutrition in Hospitalized Adults: A Systematic Review (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cer-249-malnutrition-hospitalized-adults-evidence-summary.pdf
     October 01, 2021 - Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) convene a panel of experts charged with developing quality measures … At AHRQ’s request, we conducted a systematic review to inform the potential development of these measures … between malnutrition and clinical outcomes included a combined 80 studies, only 43 used a known tool to measure … Instead, many studies identified malnutrition using only biometric measures, such as serum albumin levels … Consensus regarding objective measures to define a gold standard for diagnosing malnutrition are critical

248. Evidence Summary - Comparative Effectiveness Review No. 249: Malnutrition in Hospitalized Adults: A Systematic Review (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cer-249-malnutrition-hospitalized-adults-evidence-summary_0.pdf
     October 01, 2021 - Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) convene a panel of experts charged with developing quality measures … At AHRQ’s request, we conducted a systematic review to inform the potential development of these measures … between malnutrition and clinical outcomes included a combined 80 studies, only 43 used a known tool to measure … Instead, many studies identified malnutrition using only biometric measures, such as serum albumin levels … Consensus regarding objective measures to define a gold standard for diagnosing malnutrition are critical

249. Restless-Legs Research-Protocol (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/restless-legs_research-protocol.pdf
     December 16, 2011 - first 2 years of treatment and sometimes many years into treatment. 24 Several developed scales … MCIDs have not been defined for these scales. 23 Table 2: Scales to assess severity of RLS and …  Completed by patient  12-item questionnaire to measure impact of RLS symptoms on daily activities … We will evaluate methods used to define RLS, assess its severity, and measure treatment benefits and …  Studies that report only polysomnographic or other objective sleep-related measures.

250. Disposition of Comments Technical Brief 30 Assessment Tools for Palliative Care (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/palliative-care-tools-disposition.pdf
     May 04, 2017 - may have questionable elements (e.g., the WALT as an ethical/legal document is open to question), scales … completed by or with patients or caregivers…” The SCID, and delirium and respiratory distress observation scales … Thank you for the comment that many of these scales have multiple versions. … We have now noted this in the limitations of the review: “Finally, some scales noted in the review … Measures of integration: There are no standard tools but a measure of integration between palliative

251. Disposition of Comments Technical Brief 30 Assessment Tools for Palliative Care (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/palliative-care-tools-disposition.pdf
     May 04, 2017 - may have questionable elements (e.g., the WALT as an ethical/legal document is open to question), scales … completed by or with patients or caregivers…” The SCID, and delirium and respiratory distress observation scales … Thank you for the comment that many of these scales have multiple versions. … We have now noted this in the limitations of the review: “Finally, some scales noted in the review … Measures of integration: There are no standard tools but a measure of integration between palliative

252. Microsoft Word - Comparative_Effectiveness_Research_Review_Disposition_of_Comments_Report_Final_120710_refs_delinked1.docx (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/autism_disposition-comments.pdf
     November 01, 2010 - Varied instruments were used for different children to measure outcomes for the same domain. … Strength of evidence is a measure of our confidence in the results currently observed. … We do not intend to imply that within group change is a measure of treatment effect. … because it can be argued that many different interventions distally focus on skills that impact these scales … skills various treatments tend to directly address (i.e., proximal measures) and do not measure the

253. Gene Expression Profiling for Predicting Outcomes in Patients With Stage II Colon Cancer | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/colon-cancer-gene-profiling/research-protocol
     March 13, 2012 - Gene expression profiles (GEPs), also known as gene expression patterns or signatures, measure the activity … New assays that measure RNA to detect tumor cells are also beyond the scope of this report. … Analytic validity relates to the reliability and validity of the test itself, that is, does it measure … GEPs measure the activity or “expression” of multiple genes in a single RNA sample, which may reflect … Analytic validity: How accurately and reliably the test measures the genotype of interest. 14 Clinical

254. The Effectiveness of Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs (DMARDS) in Children With Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/juvenile-arthritis-dmards/research-protocol
     March 09, 2010 - First, these measures evaluate relative and not absolute changes in disease progression. … However, standardized “absolute” measures may provide greater insight. … Regardless of the measure, it is important to be able to measure clinically meaningful responses to therapy … KQ5 Any measure that can establish psychometric properties. … Cross-sectional studies are acceptable to evaluate clinical outcome measure tools (KQ5).

255. Multidisciplinary Postacute Rehabilitation for Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury in Adults | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/traumatic-brain-injury-rehabilitation/research
     June 20, 2012 - Our primary outcomes included measures of participation in employment, school, or training and select … scales measuring community integration (Mayo-Portland Adaptability Inventory [MPAI] and the Craig Handicap … Interpretation of community integration from scales is complicated by little attention to minimal clinically

256. Tinnitus Executive (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/tinnitus_executive.pdf
     August 01, 2013 - used (the Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment scales for case- control studies and cohort studies,7 … of populations, treatments, treatment modalities, study duration and followup periods, and outcome measures … validity of many of the outcomes used in the included studies; moreover, specific adaptations of measures … used to measure depression. … to measure patient-reported outcomes

257. Evidence-based Practice Center Systematic Review Protocol (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/disabilities-quality-improvement-outcomes_research-protocol.pdf
     August 03, 2011 - The outcome measures may also be enhanced by using selected process measures that address the extent … Measures related to performance of care coordination are also of interest. … 2011 Research Timing: We will assess the duration of followup generally applied with each measure … Measurement time frame and the potential for fluctuating levels Disability cut-points (if the measure … Care Coordination Measures Atlas. Version 3.

258. Summary Variables in Observational Research: Propensity Scores and Disease Risk Scores | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/observational-research-scores/research
     May 15, 2012 - Disease risk scores may also be preferable summary measures when the exposure is infrequent or consists … However, it is common to see differences in measures of risk between people exposed to different treatments … between treated and untreated individuals, the IPTW weighting approach can lead to extremely large weights … The study defines surrogate measures of cardiovascular risk factors from medical care encounters. … Conditioning on the propensity score can result in biased estimation of common measures of treatment

259. PROPOSALS FOR A PHASED EVALUATION OF (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/whitepaper3-lijmer02262010-2.pdf
     January 01, 2009 - specificity, predictive values, likelihood ratios, or receiver operating characteristic curves and derived measures … often remote from health outcome, in the short term, researchers rely on more proximate efficacy measures … one could consider jumping immediately to randomized clinical trials with patient-centered outcome measures … Memorandum for the evaluation of diagnostic measures. … Likelihood ratios as a measure of the diagnostic usefulness of excretory urogram information.

260. PROPOSALS FOR A PHASED EVALUATION OF (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/medical-tests-proposals_research.pdf
     January 01, 2009 - specificity, predictive values, likelihood ratios, or receiver operating characteristic curves and derived measures … often remote from health outcome, in the short term, researchers rely on more proximate efficacy measures … one could consider jumping immediately to randomized clinical trials with patient-centered outcome measures … Memorandum for the evaluation of diagnostic measures. … Likelihood ratios as a measure of the diagnostic usefulness of excretory urogram information.