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2181. Mass-Casualty-Events-Scarce-Resources Executive (pdf file)
      effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/mass-casualty-events-scarce-resources_executive.pdf
      June 01, 2012 - Triage systems and explicit triage acuity scales have been used in emergency departments for many years … Several studies did not measure health outcomes or even the most relevant process outcomes. … Instead, most of the studies focused on measures of throughput. … further broaden our coverage of the topic, we included in a separate section studies that had some measure … There was some degree of subjectivity in assigning scores to each item in our quality assessment scales

2182. Evidence-based Practice Center Systematic Review Protocol (pdf file)
      effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/recombinant-factor-viia_disposition-comments.pdf
      June 01, 2010 - In this setting, once all routine measures are utilized (e.g., clamps, plasma transfusions, tourniquets … as an end-stage measure. … Does the hospitalization weights apply to non-hospitalized encounters? … The weights were used to adjust for the increasing number of hospitals included in the Premier sample … The data are representative without statistical manipulation beyond use of the statistical weights

2183. Disposition of Comments for CER 147 Menopausal Symptoms: Comparative Effectiveness of Therapies (pdf file)
      effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/menopause_disposition-comments.pdf
      March 05, 2015 - When describing the many scales used to measure outcomes, authors should consistently note direction … Direction of all scales for all outcomes have been defined. … Scales for outcome measures appear to be focused on overall QOL measures and components of QOL measures … The table has been edited so that all reflect some measure of improvement. … VAS scales have been removed.

2184. Disposition of Comments for CER 202 Effectiveness and Safety of Bronchial Thermoplasty in the Management of Asthma (pdf file)
      effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cer-202-thermoplasty-comments.pdf
      December 14, 2017 - healthcare utilization was not directly measured within the AIR or RISA trials, these trials did measure … FEV1 data was collected in AIR2 as a safety measure, to confirm that pulmonary physiology does not … 2010 AIR2 trial, there existed a 96% PPS of an improvement in the asthma-specific quality of life measure … may not be clinically important, as it did not achieve the minimum important difference for this measure … Reviewer 10 Ann Roy on behalf of Boston Scientific Results Detailed Synthesis – Symptoms (secondary measure

2185. Bundled Payment: Effects on Health Care Spending and Quality (pdf file)
      effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/bundled-payments-quality-effects_executive.pdf
      August 01, 2012 - magnitude of effects for similar quality measures between studies. … but inconsistent for quality measures. … Use standardized measures of impact on costs and quality. … The measures used varied across studies. … Incorporate quantitative and qualitative measures of program design and contextual factors.

2186. Newer Medications for Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (LUTS) Associated with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
      effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/prostatic-hyperplasia-medications/research-protocol
      April 24, 2015 - We will assess statistical heterogeneity with Cochran's Q test and measure magnitude with I 2 statistic … We will assess strength of evidence for key final health outcomes measured with validated scales. … response different than those described by population studies. 24 Table 3 : Symptom and Quality of Life Scales … Benign prostatic hyperplasia specific health status measures in clinical research: how much change in … Benign prostatic hyperplasia specific health status measures in clinical research: how much change in

2187. Comparative Effectiveness of Second Generation Antidepressants in the Pharmacologic Treatment of Adult Depression—An Update to a 2007 Report. (pdf file)
      effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/antidepressants-update_disposition-comments.pdf
      December 01, 2011 - 'Drug Interactions' is not really an outcome measure. … All studies used physician-rated scales to assess the main outcome measures. … Quality of life, however, was rarely assessed as a primary outcome measure. … Statistical heterogeneity also depends on the outcome measure of choice. … Relative outcome measures (e.g. ORs) are usually more stable than changes on scores.

2188. Noninvasive Positive-Pressure Ventilation (NPPV) for Acute Respiratory Failure | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
      effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/nppv-respiratory-failure/research-protocol
      April 21, 2011 - Unless a patient’s condition is rapidly reversible, these conservative measures often fail to improve … Outcomes measures for each question: Intermediate outcomes: Physiological measures such as respiratory … Psychological distress (e.g., anxiety) assessed by using a validated measure. … Final outcomes: Functional status measured by using a validated questionnaire or performance-based measure … expected to be binary or categorical; we will, therefore, summarize these outcomes by a weighted effect measure

2189. Evidence-based Practice Center Systematic Review Protocol (pdf file)
      effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/nppv-respiratory-failure_research-protocol.pdf
      April 21, 2011 - Unless a patient’s condition is rapidly reversible, these conservative measures often fail to improve … Outcomes measures for each question: o Intermediate outcomes: – Physiological measures such … – Psychological distress (e.g., anxiety) assessed by using a validated measure. … outcomes: – Functional status measured by using a validated questionnaire or performance-based measure … expected to be binary or categorical; we will, therefore, summarize these outcomes by a weighted effect measure

2190. Disposition of Comments for Screening of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) (pdf file)
      effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/mrsa-screening-2010_disposition-comments.pdf
      January 01, 2010 - Lance Peterson describes a useful outcomes measure: the percent (%) of MRSA isolation days captured, … of the page, the report states that health care-associated MRSA acquisition is an indirect outcome measure … Acquisition is, in fact, the best measure of transmission of MRSA. … differentiate between acquisition of MRSA (colonization) versus infection as the primary outcome measure … Failure to specifically measure acquisition is a potential weakness of the study.

2191. Multidisciplinary Postacute Rehabilitation for Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury in AdultsBrain Injury in Adults Surveillance Report 08082016 CCKK CC final clean (pdf file)
      effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/traumatic-brain-injury-rehabilitation-surveillance-160902.pdf
      September 02, 2016 - $This$group$ also$cited$the$utility$of$this$measure$in$evaluating$progress$in$rehabilitation. … $Instead,$we$chose$to$ include$studies$with$scales$that$incorporated$community$integration$or$quality … $Prespecified$ secondary$outcomes$scales$included$the$Extended$Glasgow$Outcome$Scale$(GOS"E),$the$ … $We$identified$other$ scales$during$the$screening$process. … $Descriptions$of$all$secondary$outcome$measures$appear$in$ Table$3.

2192. Disposition of Comments for CER 168 Infantile Hemangioma (pdf file)
      effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/infantile-hemangioma_disposition-comments.pdf
      January 15, 2016 - The criteria for outcome measures and strength of evidence are clearly stated. … In the opinion of clinical experts, and given the description of scales in each study, this was a reasonable … Two studies in the meta- analysis used VAS scales, one on a 10-point scale and one on a 100-point scale … Methods for dealing with these multiple scales are described in Appendix D. … This measure can be used comparatively by considering the difference in expected clearance.

2193. Calcineurin_Inhibitors_Protocol_FINAL_10-07-2014 (pdf file)
      effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/calcineurin-inhibitor_research-protocol.pdf
      October 08, 2014 - Compared with the immunoassays, HPLC and LC-MS/MS offer more precise measures of the parent compound … In the absence of such studies, we will include as indirect evidence studies that report measures of … We will compute effect sizes and measures of variance using standard methods and will perform random-effects … Was the outcome measure of interest objective and was it objectively measured? 18. … Was a standard instrument used to measure the outcome? 19.

2194. Multidisciplinary Postacute Rehabilitation for Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury in Adults Disposition of Comments (pdf file)
      effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/traumatic-brain-injury-rehabilitation_disposition-comments.pdf
      October 07, 2012 - We selected one outcome measure on which to investigate how MCID was addressed in eligible studies. … In addition, of the three ICF levels - participation is by far the most difficult to define and measure … The scales selected to measure community integration contain items that measure activities. … psychometric capacity to identify MCID, couldn't one conclude that the metric selected (participation scales … improve more global measures.

2195. Depression-Postpartum-Screening Executive (pdf file)
      effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/depression-postpartum-screening_executive.pdf
      May 01, 2013 - This allows an approach that compares total tests or false-positive results as a measure of “cost” or … “harm” with a measure of benefit, such as “cases of depression detected.” … organization) were risk factors for depression. 12 Finally, although studies used a variety of different scales … All six provided some measure of appropriate diagnosis and treatment of depression. … In practice, this means not only agreement on which variables to collect, but how to measure and report

2196. Transparency of Reporting Requirements: Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Disease | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
      effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/transparency-omega-3/research-protocol
      September 06, 2016 - For observational studies (that evaluated associations between baseline intake or measures of n-3 FA … analysis refers [e.g., all assigned to an interventions, all receiving the intervention], the effect measure … potential increase in total study population sample size (>20%), a change in the magnitude of outcome measures … where groups are compared based on n-3 FA intake or intake biomarker values (clinical outcomes) : measure … adequate description regarding n-3 FA intake measurement ** No data on instrument or method used to measure

2197. Disposition of Comments for Evidence Report #208 Part 5 (pdf file)
      effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/public-reporting-quality-improvement_disposition-comments.pdf
      July 26, 2012 - Comment Response Peer Reviewer 4 General Comments In addition, most reports on providers do not measure … What are the implications of the measures used in interpreting the results? … With better risk adjustment measures now available, should mortality measures be revisited? … Do you have suggestions for key measures to include in the public reports? … Measures not used for public reporting are outside the scope of this review and the authors are not

2198. Methods Research Report: Challenges in Conducting EPC Reviews of Behavior Change Interventions (pdf file)
      effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/behavior-change_research.pdf
      August 01, 2015 - reflection of a point raised by KIs that there is frequently little consensus among experts as to which scales … In childhood research, for example, there are many validated instruments used to measure the same construct … However the guidance does not specify minimum expectations for a valid and validated measure for inclusion … and does not require expertise in measure development and validity. 11 Risk of Bias Assessments … If blinding, regardless of feasibility or appropriateness, is an important measure of rigor, then by

2199. Microsoft Word - cognitive-decline-protocol-160322.docx (pdf file)
      effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/cognitive-decline_research-protocol.pdf
      March 22, 2016 - In some instances the other measures of decline could apply to either dementia or age-related cognitive … KQ 3: What is the strength of association between outcome measures examined in KQs 1 or 2 including … For outcomes measured with instruments that lack established thresholds to measure improvement, we … appropriateness of pooling data.16 We will assess statistical heterogeneity with Cochran’s Q test and measure … We will assess strength of evidence for key final health outcomes measured with validated scales.

2200. Treatment of Dementia Among Community-Dwelling and Institutionalized Medicare Beneficiaries | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
      effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/dementia-databases-methods/research
      May 22, 2008 - The MCBS files also include survey weights that can be used to produce nationally representative estimates … Measures of cognition using the MDS-COGS correlate about 0.7 with the Mini-Mental State Examination. … Medication measures included the cholinesterase inhibitors, donepezil, galantamine, and rivastigmine … The MCBS survey weights are used to project national estimates for each measure. … Although we had no direct measure of severity of dementia for the community-dwelling sample, it is reasonable