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321. Towards a Framework for Communicating Confidence in Methodological Recommendations for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/methodological-recommendations-framework-communications_research.pdf
     September 01, 2013 - It is also reasonable to assign different importance or weight to each measure. … When there is only one measure to optimize the alternative choices can be ranked readily. … on all measures. … In another example, a theorem proves that normalized weights that are inversely proportional to the … fragility of study rankings and inconsistency of subgroup analyses produced by comparing 25 published scales

322. The Performance of Fusion Procedures for Degenerative Disease of the Lumbar Spine (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/lumbar-spinal-fusion-key-question.pdf
     January 01, 2023 - screws alone Alternative form of treatment of non- operative treatment or no specific treatment Measures … 36, SF-12) and (2A) Rates of arthrodesis (2B) Postoperative outcomes of low back pain and Measures … measured by ODI, EQ5D, and the SF-36 Neurological damage attributable to the surgical procedure Measures … ; SF-36 = 36-Item Short Form Survey; SF-12 = 12-Item Short Form Survey; EQ5D = EuroQol standardized measure … lumbar interbody fusion; LLIF = Lateral lumbar interbody fusion; PROMs = patient-reported outcome measures

323. Effectiveness of Indoor Allergen Reduction in Management of Asthma - Evidence Summary (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cer-201-indoor-allergen-reduction-asthma-evidence-summary.pdf
     February 01, 2018 - Symptoms (not from validated instruments) Indoor allergen levels (Secondary measure) KQ1 KQ1 … We also found that few studies reported critical, discrete, validated outcome measures, which have … The relative paucity of studies using current, standardized measures limited our interpretation of the … primary outcome measures. … For example, important, standardized measures of asthma control, exacerbations, healthcare utilization

324. Pregnancy | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/health-topics/pregnancy?page=0
     May 03, 2024 - Interventions Research Report September 14, 2018 Assessing the Impact of Indexing Performance Measure

325. Pregnancy | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/health-topics/pregnancy
     May 03, 2024 - Interventions Research Report September 14, 2018 Assessing the Impact of Indexing Performance Measure

326. Distributed Ambulatory Research in Therapeutics Network (DARTNet): Informing Practice and Improving Depression Care | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/depression-care-distributed-networks/abstract
     December 01, 2019 - contrasted with HEDIS definitions and empirically derived approaches; and (2) as additional outcome measures … suicidality-item scores for the safety aim) and covariates (overall PHQ-9 scores as a baseline severity adjustment measure

327. Future Research Needs: Interventions for Adolescents and Young Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorders (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/autism-interventions-future_research.pdf
     September 01, 2012 - need to be developed to measure outcomes of adolescents and young adults with ASD, including family … Although there are many different, well-validated ways to measure psychiatric disorders in adolescents … Thus, our ability to measure the emergence of comorbidities in these adolescents and young adults, as … need to be developed to measure outcomes of adolescents and young adults with ASD, including family … need to be developed to measure outcomes of adolescents and young adults with ASD, including family

328. Effective Health Care (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/TND_0371_11-23-2010.pdf
     January 01, 2010 - In addition, they would like to assess whether use of these quality measures or performance metrics, … that examine how documentation (e.g., electronic health records) affects the use of quality measures … Does the use of validated and evidence-based outcomes measures improve clinician outcomes? 3. … Do systems of care get better when they use validated, evidence-based outcomes measures? 4. … and how use of these measures impacts outcomes.

329. Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/
     April 11, 2025 - Technical Brief April 11, 2025 Measure … United States: New Interest in an Old Idea Technical Brief   April 7, 2025 Pediatric Quality Measures … Program 3.0: An Evidence Map of Measures for Vision, Hearing, and Developmental Screening and Followup

330. Instrumental Variable Methods in Comparative Safety and Effectiveness Research | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/instrumental-variable-methods/research
     January 01, 2019 - estimator can also be interpreted as a weighted average of subgroup-specific treatment effects where the weights … Conversely, overuse up-weights treatment effects in low-risk patients and thus may cause an IV estimator … estimator can be interpreted as a weighted average of subgroup-specific treatment effects in which the weights … Instrument relevance in multivariate linear models: a simple measure. … Dichotomous Outcomes and Relative Measures of Effect.

331. Updating the Framework for AHRQ’s National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report (NHQDR) (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/updating-framework-protocol.pdf
     September 06, 2023 - The National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report (NHQDR) presents trends for measures related … measuring equity in recent years.4 2 Another key issue for quality of care is related to the measure … Any chosen framework will determine to a large extent which quality measures are prioritized, which … • How would existing AHRQ NHQDR measures be reorganized in the updated framework and domains? … • Are there available measures for new framework domains?

332. Methods Guide for Medical Test Reviews (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/methods-guidance-tests-bias_methods.pdf
     July 01, 2012 - medical tests; however, there is no empirical evidence that any sort of score based on quantitative weights … can be addressed when considering all relevant studies through the use, if appropriate, of a summary measure … West et al.7 evaluated 18 tools (six scales, nine guides, and three EPC rating systems). … Three scales met all six criteria considered important: (1) the Cochrane Working Group checklist,8 ( … In 5-6 this way, reviewers can revise unreliable terms and measure the reliability of the ultimate

333. Evidence Report on the (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/measuring-blood-pressure_research-protocol.pdf
     April 11, 2011 -  Surrogate outcomes (KQs 1b, 2, 3, and 4) o Cardiac measures – Left ventricular hypertrophy … o Not: adherence to SMBP monitoring o Health care–process measures such health care encounters (visits … o Not just as a device to measure the outcome BP. … Analytic Framework PATIENTS WITH HYPERTENSION Surrogate outcomes > Cardiac measures … hypertension/ 5 exp Self Care/ 6 (3 or 4) and 5 7 ((blood pressure or hypertens$) and self and (measure

334. Chapter 5: Assessing Risk of Bias as a Domain of Quality in Medical Test Studies | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/methods-guidance-tests-bias/methods
     December 01, 2019 - medical tests; however, there is no empirical evidence that any sort of score based on quantitative weights … can be addressed when considering all relevant studies through the use, if appropriate, of a summary measure … West et al. 7 evaluated 18 tools (six scales, nine guides, and three EPC rating systems). … Three scales met all six criteria considered important: (1) the Cochrane Working Group checklist, 8 … In this way, reviewers can revise unreliable terms and measure the reliability of the ultimate criteria

335. Liver-Cancer Research-Protocol (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/liver-cancer_research-protocol.pdf
     July 24, 2013 -  Quality of life as measured with scales such as the Short-Form Health Survey (SF- 36) or EuroQol … Recurrence of HCC, including rates of seeding by fine-needle aspiration  Quality of life as measured with scales … Recurrence of HCC, including rates of seeding by fine-needle aspiration  Quality of life as measured with scales … • Quality of life, measured using scales like Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36â) or EuroQol 5D (EQ … Recurrence of HCC, including rates of seeding by fine needle aspiration • Quality of life, measured using scales

336. Machine-Learning-Tools-Appendix-D (xls file)
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/machine-learning-tools-appendix-d.xlsx
     January 01, 2024 - are reported or the outcome measures are ambiguous. … are reported or the outcome measures are ambiguous. … are reported or the outcome measures are ambiguous. … are reported or the outcome measures are ambiguous. … are reported or the outcome measures are ambiguous.

337. Future Research Needs for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Effectiveness of Treatment in At-Risk Preschoolers, Long-Term Effectiveness in All Ages, and Variability in Prevalence, Diagnosis, and Treatment (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/adhd-future_research.pdf
     May 01, 2012 - scales, quality of life scales, and measures that capture school performance learning capacity, social … scales, quality of life scales, and measures that capture school performance learning capacity, social … (KQ 2) 16 Standardized outcome measures such as global impairment scales or quality of life scales … , parent rating scales, and semistructured interviews is limited. … such as global impairment scales, quality of life scales, and measures that capture school performance

338. Assessing the Risk of Bias of Individual Studies in Systematic Reviews of Health Care Interventions | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/methods-guidance-bias-individual-studies/methods
     October 01, 2019 - developed for identifying and judging the risk of bias when results deviate from protocols in the timing or measure … Risk of Bias and Outcome Measures The use of valid and reliable outcome measures reduces the likelihood … Notice that such declarative statements implicitly assign weights to the different items. … For a scale, the weights of different items are explicit rather than implicit. … Scales to assess the quality of randomized controlled trials: a systematic review.

339. Treatment for Bipolar Disorder | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/bipolar-disorder-treatment/research-protocol
     December 01, 2019 - Outcome measurement issues inherent in the psychometric properties of the questionnaires used to measure … We will assess statistical heterogeneity with Cochran’s Q test and measure magnitude with I 2 statistic … We will assess strength of evidence for validated scales (such as the Beck Depression Inventory, Young … Yes Measure valid and reliable (i.e. objective measures, well validated scale, provider report); and … (self-report, scales with lower validity, reliability); not equivalent across groups Uncertain

340. Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause: A Systematic Review | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/genitourinary-syndrome/research
     March 01, 2025 - Among the measures frequently used, several use categorical/ordinal scales, which makes it difficult … ; 38 measures were used in only 1 or 2 publications. … Appropriate analyses should include how the change from baseline to follow-up in an outcome measure for … participants in the intervention arm compares with the change from baseline to follow-up in that outcome measure … Finally, many studies did not provide any measures of statistical significance or confidence intervals