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1. Medicines to Help Prevent Breast Cancer: Let's Talk About It (pdf file)
   www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/sites/default/files/inline-files/breast-cancer-risk-reduction-discussion-guide_3.pdf
   September 01, 2019 - Medicines that reduce the risk of breast cancer are one way to help some women lower their risk. … 2 How much can a medicine lower my risk? 3 What harms or side effects might I experience? … 6 What are other ways I can stay healthy and lower my risk of breast cancer? … What are the benefits and harms of medicines that lower risk? … Benefits These medicines lower the risk of getting breast cancer.

2. Medicines to Help Prevent Breast Cancer: Let's Talk About It (pdf file)
   www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/sites/default/files/inline-files/breast-cancer-risk-reduction-discussion-guide.pdf
   September 01, 2019 - Medicines that reduce the risk of breast cancer are one way to help some women lower their risk. … 2 How much can a medicine lower my risk? 3 What harms or side effects might I experience? … 6 What are other ways I can stay healthy and lower my risk of breast cancer? … What are the benefits and harms of medicines that lower risk? … Benefits These medicines lower the risk of getting breast cancer.

3. Archived: High Blood Cholesterol and Other Lipid Abnormalities: Screening, 1996 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
   www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/high-cholesterol-other-lipid-abnormalities-screening-1996
   January 01, 1996 - high cholesterol in persons without cardiovascular disease, however, is much smaller due to the much lower … Whereas measures that lower serum cholesterol and provide other health benefits (e.g., regular physical … In postmenopausal women with high cholesterol, estrogen therapy can lower LDL-C and raise HDL-C and is … associated with lower risk of CHD in epidemiologic studies (see Chapter 68). … By how much and how quickly does reduction in serum cholesterol lower risk of ischemic heart disease?

4. Final Research Plan: Peripheral Artery Disease and Cardiovascular Disease: Screening and Risk Assessment With the Ankle-Brachial Index | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
   www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/peripheral-artery-disease-in-adults-screening-with-the-ankle-brachial-index
   June 16, 2016 - What proportion of generally asymptomatic adults * with PAD or an abnormal ABI † have lower extremity … What is the degree of lower extremity functional impairment, and how does it compare to impairment in … * Adults without lower extremity symptoms or with vague symptoms not attributed to PAD. … care) Vascular surgery clinics (KQs 1, 2); hospital/inpatient settings Disease/Condition Lower … limb function (e.g., 6-minute walking test, lower extremity strength) Change in ABI Harms

5. Screening for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (pdf file)
   www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/CFNn2TBR6jtaNA87ER_Bop
   May 01, 2022 - • Death from chronic lower respiratory disease (mostly COPD) is highest in White adults. … have more hospitalizations and worse COPD-related quality of life than White adults, despite having lower … • Chronic lower respiratory disease, composed mainly of COPD, is the sixth leading cause of death in

6. Recommendation: Peripheral Artery Disease and Cardiovascular Disease: Screening and Risk Assessment With the Ankle-Brachial Index | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
   www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/peripheral-artery-disease-in-adults-screening-with-the-ankle-brachial-index
   July 10, 2018 - and Interventions Treatment of PAD has 2 potential targets: reducing morbidity and mortality from lower … Studies of screening with the ABI and interventions to stop disease progression in the lower limbs in … more diverse populations (eg, women, racial/ethnic minorities, or persons with a lower socioeconomic … When whole-body MRA showing at least 50% stenosis in the pelvic or lower-limb arteries was used as the … Does the clinical examination predict lower extremity peripheral arterial disease?

7. Screening for Peripheral Artery Disease and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Assessment With the Ankle-Brachial Index: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
   www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/acqA29t-vpgphFscNPEfG8
   January 01, 2020 - IMPORTANCE Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a manifestation of atherosclerosis in the lower limbs. … Rationale Importance Peripheral artery disease is a manifestation of atherosclerosis in the lower limbs … Studies of screening with the ABI and interventions to stop disease progression in the lower limbs in … more diverse populations (eg, women, racial/ethnic minorities, or persons with a lower socioeconomic … Does the clinical examination predict lower extremity peripheral arterial disease?

8. Archived: Published Comment and Response: Do Lipid-Lowering Agents Provide a Greater Reduction in Cardiovascular Events among Patients with Diabetes?: Diabetes Mellitus (Type 2) in Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
   www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/published-comment-and-response-do-lipid-lowering-agents-provide-a-greater-reduction-in-cardiovascular-events-among-patients-with-diabetes/diabetes-mellitus-type-2-in-adults-screening
   November 15, 2008 - archived Published Comment and Response: Do Lipid-Lowering Agents Provide a Greater Reduction in Cardiovascular Events among Patients with Diabetes? Diabetes Mellitus (Type 2) in Adults: Screening November 15, 2008 Recommendations made by the USPSTF are independent of the U.S. government. They should not…

9. Archived: Published Comment and Response: Do Lipid-Lowering Agents Provide a Greater Reduction in Cardiovascular Events among Patients with Diabetes?: Diabetes Mellitus (Type 2) in Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
   www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/published-comment-and-response-do-lipid-lowering-agents-provide-a-greater-reduction-in-cardiovascular-events-among-patients-with-diabetes/diabetes-mellitus-type-2-in-adults-screening-2008
   November 15, 2008 - Share to Facebook Share to X Share to WhatsApp Share to Email Print archived Published Comment and Response: Do Lipid-Lowering Agents Provide a Greater Reduction in Cardiovascular Events among Patients with Diabetes? Diabetes Mellitus (Type 2) in A…

10. Archived: Brief Evidence Summary: Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD): Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/brief-evidence-summary/peripheral-arterial-disease-pad-screening
    August 08, 2005 - angiographic arterial disease. 12 The accuracy of this screening tool increases as the severity of lower … McDermott, et al. investigated the association of statin use with improved lower-extremity function in … The summary performance score—an accepted summary metric that indicates lower-extremity functioning and … A cross-sectional study found that statin use was associated with superior lower-extremity functioning … Diagnosis and treatment of chronic arterial insufficiency of the lower extremities: a critical review

11. Archived: Brief Evidence Summary: Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD): Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/brief-evidence-summary/peripheral-arterial-disease-pad-screening-2005
    August 08, 2005 - angiographic arterial disease. 12 The accuracy of this screening tool increases as the severity of lower … McDermott, et al. investigated the association of statin use with improved lower-extremity function in … The summary performance score—an accepted summary metric that indicates lower-extremity functioning and … A cross-sectional study found that statin use was associated with superior lower-extremity functioning … Diagnosis and treatment of chronic arterial insufficiency of the lower extremities: a critical review

12. Draft Recommendation: Lipid Disorders in Children and Adolescents: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/draft-recommendation/lipid-disorders-children-adolescents-screening
    January 24, 2023 - Abnormal lipid values associated with multifactorial dyslipidemia are generally lower than those associated … levels of less than 100 mg/dL in young adulthood. 18 Another study selected genes associated with lower … Results suggested that lower LDL-C levels throughout the lifespan were associated with substantially … lower coronary heart disease in adulthood compared with initiating treatment for lipid lowering later … Effect of long-term exposure to lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol beginning early in life on

13. Archived: Diabetes Mellitus (Type 2) in Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/diabetes-mellitus-type-2-in-adults-screening
    June 15, 2008 - harms of screening for type 2 diabetes in asymptomatic adults with blood pressure of 135/80 mm Hg or lower … Pressure greater than 135/80 mm Hg Asymptomatic Adults with Sustained Blood Pressure 135/80 mm Hg or lower … Adults with blood pressure 135/80 mm Hg or lower: The USPSTF found convincing evidence that intensive … Lower blood pressure targets for persons with diabetes and high blood pressure reduce CVD events compared … More than 60% of lower-limb amputations not due to trauma occur among individuals with diabetes. 4

14. Archived: Diabetes Mellitus (Type 2) in Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/diabetes-mellitus-type-2-in-adults-screening-2008
    June 15, 2008 - harms of screening for type 2 diabetes in asymptomatic adults with blood pressure of 135/80 mm Hg or lower … Pressure greater than 135/80 mm Hg Asymptomatic Adults with Sustained Blood Pressure 135/80 mm Hg or lower … Adults with blood pressure 135/80 mm Hg or lower: The USPSTF found convincing evidence that intensive … Lower blood pressure targets for persons with diabetes and high blood pressure reduce CVD events compared … More than 60% of lower-limb amputations not due to trauma occur among individuals with diabetes. 4

15. Archived: Lipid Disorders in Adults (Cholesterol, Dyslipidemia): Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/lipid-disorders-in-adults-cholesterol-dyslipidemia-screening-2008
    December 30, 2013 - The 2002 age-adjusted death rate for heart disease was 59% lower than the rate in 1950. 2 The lifetime … Reduction in dietary saturated fat and weight loss have been shown to lower total cholesterol and LDL-C … that subjects assigned to exercise had post-intervention cholesterol levels that were 7 to 13 mg/dL lower … The risk for total mortality was not lower in women treated with lipid-lowering drugs, regardless of … Prevention of coronary and stroke events with atorvastatin in hypertensive patients who have average or lower-than-average

16. Recommendation: Lipid Disorders in Children and Adolescents: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/lipid-disorders-in-children-screening
    July 18, 2023 - Interventions to lower lipid levels are available, including lifestyle modification (eg, changes in diet … levels of less than 100 mg/dL in young adulthood. 19 Another study selected genes associated with lower … Results suggested that lower LDL-C levels throughout the life span were associated with substantially … lower risk of coronary heart disease in adulthood compared with initiating lipid-lowering treatment … Effect of long-term exposure to lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol beginning early in life on

17. Archived: Diabetes Mellitus (Type 2) in Adults: Screening, 2003 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/diabetes-mellitus-type-2-in-adults-screening-2003
    February 04, 2003 - Lower targets for blood pressure (i.e., diastolic blood pressure <80 mm Hg) are beneficial for patients … Lower extremity amputations. CVD events. … Lower Extremity Amputations Three types of treatment have been tested to reduce LEA: tight glycemic … The contribution of non‐insulin‐dependent diabetes to lower‐extremity amputation in the community. … The 14‐year incidence of lower‐extremity amputations in a diabetic population.

18. Draft Recommendation: Promotion of a Healthy Diet and Physical Activity for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Adults Without Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: Behavioral Counseling | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/draft-recommendation/healthy-diet-and-physical-activity-for-cvd-prevention-adults-without-known-risk-factors-behavioral-counseling
    January 18, 2022 - diet. 4 Adults who adhere to national guidelines for a healthy diet 5 and physical activity 6 have lower … Non-Hispanic Black adults report consuming lower amounts of fruits and vegetables than White adults. … 1 , 7 Persons of lower socioeconomic status report lower consumption of fruits and vegetables and lower … levels of physical activity than those of higher socioeconomic status. 1 , 7-9 Similarly, adults with lower … diabetes, a history of gestational diabetes, or a history of polycystic ovarian syndrome, and at a lower

19. Draft Recommendation: Behavioral Counseling Interventions to Promote a Healthy Diet and Physical Activity for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Adults Without Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/draft-recommendation/healthy-diet-and-physical-activity-for-cvd-prevention-adults-without-cvd-risk-factors-behavioral-counseling
    January 18, 2022 - diet. 4 Adults who adhere to national guidelines for a healthy diet 5 and physical activity 6 have lower … Non-Hispanic Black adults report consuming lower amounts of fruits and vegetables than White adults. … 1 , 7 Persons of lower socioeconomic status report lower consumption of fruits and vegetables and lower … levels of physical activity than those of higher socioeconomic status. 1 , 7-9 Similarly, adults with lower … diabetes, a history of gestational diabetes, or a history of polycystic ovarian syndrome, and at a lower

20. Clinician Summary of USPSTF Recommendation: Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/HFVpc3j6HjLDkFxfqrr4wG
    August 01, 2021 - (American Indian/Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, Black, Hispanic/Latino), and at a lower