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41. Screening for Lipid Disorders in Children and Adolescents: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/rQBBkz9CrHh4vp7ZnEkF-t
    July 18, 2023 - The long-term benefits of lipid screening and subsequent treatment in this population are uncertain. … reduce lipid levels in children with FH, and observational studies suggest that such treatment has long-term … No treatment trials reported long-term health outcomes. … No treatment trials reported long-term health outcomes. Treatment Harms KQ5. … Effect of long-term exposure to lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol beginning early in life on

42. Evidence Summary: Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary/screening-for-prediabetes-and-type-2-diabetes
    August 24, 2021 - Long-term effect of population screening for diabetes on cardiovascular morbidity, self-rated health, … Effect of population screening for type 2 diabetes on mortality: long-term follow-up of the Ely cohort … Long-term safety, tolerability, and weight loss associated with metformin in the Diabetes Prevention … Long-term follow-up after tight control of blood pressure in type 2 diabetes. … Long-term effects of metformin on diabetes prevention: identification of subgroups that benefited most

43. Screening for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm - Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/p8bwnFstpfy9KoDSJhT7m5
    February 01, 2005 - The long-term harms of EVAR include late conversion to open repair and aneurysmal rupture. … The long-term harms of newer generation EVAR devices are yet to be reported. … Long-term potential harms of EVAR may occur because of device failure, which could cause bleeding into … open surgical repair remains the only proven intervention that leads to decreased AAA mortality in the long … The long-term benefits of a single scan for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) at age 65.

44. Final Research Plan: Breastfeeding: Primary Care Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan138/breastfeeding-primary-care-interventions
    December 18, 2014 - individual- and health care system–level interventions to promote and support breastfeeding on short- and long-term … What are the effects of breastfeeding on short- and long-term health outcomes in children and mothers … What are the effects of consuming expressed or donated breast milk on short- and long-term health outcomes

45. ahrq29a - Screening for Hepatitis C Virus Infection: A Review of the Evidence for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/We5A-uCMvX5qYeFukGgqks
    March 01, 2004 - Data on long-term quality of life outcomes is sparse. 7c. How well do counseling II-3. … Gordon SC, Elloway RS, Long JC, Dmuchowski CF. … Serum HCV-RNA and liver histologic findings in patients with long-term normal transaminases. … Long GS, Bacon BR, Bisceglie AM. … The long-term course of hepatitis C after kidney transplantation.

46. Evidence Summary: Aspirin Use to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary/aspirin-to-prevent-cardiovascular-disease-preventive-medication
    April 26, 2022 - findings highly variable by length of follow-up and statistically significant only when considering long-term … Alternate-day, low-dose aspirin and cancer risk: long-term observational follow-up of a randomized trial … Long-term use of aspirin and the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding. … Efficacy and tolerability of proton pump inhibitors in the long-term aspirin users: meta-analysis of … Effect of daily aspirin on long-term risk of death due to cancer: analysis of individual patient data

47. Draft Research Plan: Perinatal Depression: Preventive Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/draft-research-plan/perinatal-depression-interventions-to-prevent
    February 23, 2023 - inmates, juvenile detention centers, foster homes, or group homes) Studies limited to persons in long-term … Home visits Correctional facilities School classrooms Worksites Inpatient/residential/ long-term

48. Evidence Summary: Breast Cancer: Medication Use to Reduce Risk | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/breast-cancer-medications-for-risk-reduction
    September 03, 2019 - Risk for invasive breast cancer was higher for raloxifene than tamoxifen in 1 trial after long-term follow-up … These included updated long-term results of the International Breast Cancer Intervention Study (IBIS-I … A total of 22 studies (54 articles) met inclusion criteria, including updated long-term results of the … However, no long-term follow-up data are available to determine whether harms demonstrated in treatment … Long-term effects of raloxifene on bone mineral density, bone turnover, and serum lipid levels in early

49. Archived: Final Research Plan: BRCA-Related Cancer: Risk Assessment, Genetic Counseling, and Genetic Testing | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan11/brca-related-cancer-risk-assessment-genetic-counseling-and-genetic-testing-2013
    December 15, 2012 - result in improved intermediate outcomes such as a reduced incidence of breast or ovarian cancer; and/or long-term … Adverse effects include, but may not be limited to, immediate and long-term harms associated with breast … reassurance; incomplete testing; misinterpretation of the test result; anxiety; cancer worry; immediate and long-term

50. Evidence Summary: Prevention of Child Maltreatment: Primary Care Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary/child-maltreatment-primary-care-interventions
    March 19, 2024 - Long-term results for the same outcomes were sparse and inconsistent. 13 , 19 , 40 , 45-47 , 49 , 51 … , 52 Other concerns with long-term outcomes included risks of contamination (in which elements of the … Long-term consequences of child abuse and neglect. Child Welfare Information Gateway. … https://www.childwelfare.gov/resources/long-term-consequences-child-abuse-and-neglect/ 3. … Long-term effects of home visitation on maternal life course and child abuse and neglect: fifteen-year

51. Medication Use for the Risk Reduction of Primary Breast Cancer in Women: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the USPSTF (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/-TsBkyewVoFpC7htRmzWJa
    September 03, 2019 - Risk for invasive breast cancer was higher for raloxifene than tamoxifen in 1 trial after long-term follow-up … These included updated long-term results of the International Breast Cancer Intervention Study (IBIS-I … A total of 22 studies (54 articles) met inclusion criteria, includ- ing updated long-term results of … However, no long-term follow-up data are available to determine whether harms demonstrated in treatment … Long-term effects of raloxifene on bone mineral density, bone turnover, and serum lipid levels in early

52. Final Research Plan: Vitamin D, Calcium, or Combined Supplementation for the Primary Prevention of Fractures in Community-Dwelling Adults: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/vitamin-d-calcium-or-combined-supplementation-for-the-primary-prevention-of-fractures-in-adults-preventive-medication
    June 23, 2016 - osteoporosis, are taking antiresorptive agents, or have a prior history of osteoporotic fractures Have long-term … citrate, and calcium malate Dosage: any, including daily or annual (vitamin D only) supplementation, as long … as it is considered long term (≥1 month or equivalent) Short-term use (<1 month daily use

53. Archived: Final Research Plan: Falls Prevention in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/falls-prevention-in-older-adults-interventions-2018
    October 22, 2015 - outside of the community (e.g., hospitals, nursing or care homes, rehabilitation centers, or other long-term … Institutionalizations (e.g., transition from community dwelling to nursing or care homes, or other long-term … comparable to a community-dwelling, primary care population (e.g., hospital, rehabilitation center, long-term

54. Archived: Evidence Summary: Hepatitis B Virus Infection: Screening, 2014 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary29/hepatitis-b-virus-infection-screening-nonpregnant-adolescents-adults-may-2014
    May 27, 2014 - Potential long-term sequelae of chronic HBV infection include cirrhosis, hepatic decompensation, and … Long-term follow-up of patients with chronic hepatitis B treated with interferon alfa. … Long-term nucleos(t)ide analogues therapy for adults with chronic hepatitis B reduces the risk of long-term … No studies with evidence on long-term clinical outcomes No evidence on long-term clinical outcomes … Studies did not evaluate the effectiveness of HBV vaccination on long-term clinical outcomes.

55. Behavioral Counseling Interventions to Support Breastfeeding (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/sites/default/files/file/supporting_documents/breastfeeding-interventions-draft-rec-bulletin.pdf
    November 18, 2024 - Interventions to support breastfeeding can help more mothers to breastfeed and increase how long they … “It can often be hard for moms to get the support they need to breastfeed for as long as they’d like,

56. Screening for Lipid Disorders in Children and Adolescents: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/vmHooQ6ABG9CagdUXv2_rx
    August 25, 2021 - The USPSTF is calling for more long-term data on the effectiveness of screening for and treatment of … Research Needs and Gaps Studies are needed that provide the following information. • Long-term data on … • Long-term data on the harms of screening and treatment. … Efficacy of statins in familial hypercholesterolaemia: a long term cohort study. … Effect of long-term exposure to lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol beginning early in life on

57. Archived: Evidence Summary: Child Maltreatment: Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/child-maltreatment-primary-care-interventions-november-2018
    November 27, 2018 - Inconsistent results led to a conclusion of insufficient evidence for long-term (≥2 years) outcomes for … Few studies reported long-term outcomes; results from these studies are not consistent. … Long-Term Consequences of Child Abuse and Neglect. Child Welfare Information Gateway website. … Long-term effects of home visitation on maternal life course and child abuse and neglect: fifteen-year … follow-up b Consistent, imprecise (short-term outcomes) Inconsistent, imprecise (long-term

58. Primary Care Interventions to Prevent Child Maltreatment: Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/XGHwLrLfb_78ymEUwGF6jR
    March 19, 2024 - Long-term results for the same outcomes were sparse and inconsistent.13,19,40,45-47,49,51,52 Other con … - cerns with long-term outcomes included risks of contamination (in which elements of the intervention … follow-upb Short-term outcomes: Consistent Imprecise Long-term outcomes: Inconsistent Imprecise … Long-term consequences of child abuse and neglect. Child Welfare Information Gateway. … Long-term effects of home visitation on maternal life course and child abuse and neglect: fifteen-year

59. Let’s Talk About It: Preventing HIV with PrEP (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/sites/default/files/inline-files/hiv-prep-prevention-discussion-guide.pdf
    August 22, 2023 - 3 How long does it take for PrEP to be effective? 4 How long can I take PrEP?

60. Archived: Evidence Summary: Screening for Familial Hypercholesterolemia: Lipid Disorders in Children and Adolescents: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary-screening-for-familial-hypercholesterolemia/lipid-disorders-in-children-screening-july-2016
    August 09, 2016 - However, the long-term benefits and harms of lipid-lowering medications begun in childhood or adolescence … Studies comparing the long-term incidence of MI or stroke in adults identified and successfully treated … Long-term studies of people initiating FH treatment in childhood are needed. … The body of evidence on harms of pharmacotherapy also lacks long-term studies. … Long-term statin trials are required to assess harms and effectiveness in improving health outcomes in