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261. Screening for HIV: A Review of the Evidence for the U.S. Preventive Preventive Services Task Force (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/3qpQqeeozW8nV3a4_BWntp
     June 20, 2019 - Long-term data on adverse events associated with HAART are not yet available. … All lasted less than 4 years and could underestimate long-term risks for immediate treatment. … Al- though long-term HAART is associated with cardiovascu- lar complications, absolute rates are low … Under- standing delay to medical care for HIV infection: the long-term non-presenter. … Are long-term outcomes used? 5. Do effect measures capture preferences or utilities? Costs 1.

262. Ykjvkfmv5Jf8Bl3Rbx8Bp7 (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/ykjVKfmV5Jf8bL3rBx8BP7
     December 01, 2015 - Hemoglobin A1c is a measure of long-term blood glucose concentration and is not affected by acute changes … Effect of population screening for type 2 diabetes on mortality: long-term follow-up of the Ely cohort … The long-term effect of lifestyle interventions to prevent diabetes in the China Da Qing Diabetes Prevention … Long- term multiple risk factor interventions in Japanese elderly diabetic patients: the Japanese Elderly … Long-term safety, tolerability, and weight loss associated with metformin in the Diabetes Prevention

263. Archived: Evidence Summary: Screening for Multifactorial Dyslipidemia: Lipid Disorders in Children and Adolescents: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary-screening-for-multifactorial-dyslipidemia/lipid-disorders-in-children-screening-july-2016
     August 09, 2016 - . 11 Screening youths for dyslipidemia may have the potential to identify affected youths, reduce long-term … trial of a modified NCEP Step II (low-fat, low-cholesterol) diet 3 with a multiyear intervention and long-term … Research Needs Large randomized clinical trials of lifestyle interventions with long-term follow-up … Long-term follow-up studies of pediatric cohorts into adulthood would provide evidence that would aid … to 18 y after randomization 1 (5 articles) 663 No harms reported at any point during trial or long-term

264. Preexposure Prophylaxis to Prevent Acquisition of HIV: US Preventive Services Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/6fFns4N2J-t5EGC5BUdRuu
     October 23, 2023 - oral dosing and in cervicovaginal tissues at approximately 20 days.11 Patients can continue PrEP as long … When cabotegravir in- jections are discontinued, patients should be informed of the long period of gradually … 1% vs 1%) or risk of fracture (2% vs 2%).38 Two trials (n = 7786) reported no differ- ences between long-acting … • Research is needed on the long-term safety and effectiveness of PrEP, including the longer-term effects … Long-term safety and efficacy of emtricitabine and tenofovir alafenamide vs emtricitabine and tenofovir

265. Final Research Plan: Lipid Disorders in Children and Adolescents: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/lipid-disorders-in-children-screening
     August 19, 2021 -    KQ 5 (Treatment harms): All harms from: Lipid-lowering medications (e.g., adverse events, long-term

266. Medication Use to Reduce Risk of Breast Cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/3Kwu7j_WfCFQSnSzqrDWwt
     June 20, 2019 - moxifen with raloxifene, found that tamoxifen reduced breast can- cer risk more than raloxifene after long-term … and en- dometrial cancer return to baseline after discontinuation of tamoxifen.15 Data on similarly long-term … reduction and found that tamoxifen provided a greater risk reduction for invasive breast cancer on long-term … Long-term results of tamoxifen prophylaxis for breast cancer—96-month follow-up of the randomized IBIS-I … Tamoxifen for prevention of breast cancer: extended long-term follow-up of the IBIS-I breast cancer prevention

267. Archived: Hepatitis B Virus Infection: Screening, 2014 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/hepatitis-b-virus-infection-screening-nonpregnant-adolescents-adults-may-2014
     June 18, 2014 - The natural history of chronic HBV infection varies but can include the potential long-term sequelae … Clinical trials of adequate duration and power to evaluate long-term health outcomes (for example, cirrhosis … Studies did not evaluate the effects of HBV vaccination on long-term clinical outcomes. … Potential long-term sequelae include cirrhosis, hepatic decompensation, and hepatocellular carcinoma. … The USPSTF found that screening for HBV infection in the general population did not improve long-term

268. Recommendation: Skin Cancer Prevention: Behavioral Counseling | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/skin-cancer-counseling
     March 20, 2018 - Studies that measured long-term or total sun exposure showed mixed association between increased sun … One study, which was considered by the USPSTF for its previous recommendation statement, analyzed long-term … Long-term effects of appearance-based interventions on sun protection behaviors. … Skin self-examination and long-term melanoma survival. Melanoma Res . 2016;26(4):401-8. … Hat, shade, long sleeves, or sunscreen?

269. Archived: Evidence Summary: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection: Screening, 2005 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/human-immunodeficiency-virus-hiv-infection-screening-2005
     July 05, 2005 - Long-term data on adverse events associated with HAART are not yet available. … All lasted less than 4 years and could underestimate long-term risks for immediate treatment. … Although long-term HAART is associated with cardiovascular complications, absolute rates are low. … Understanding delay to medical care for HIV infection: the long-term non-presenter. … Are long-term outcomes used? Do effect measures capture preferences or utilities?

270. Archived: Low-Dose Aspirin Use for the Prevention of Morbidity and Mortality From Preeclampsia: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/low-dose-aspirin-use-for-the-prevention-of-morbidity-and-mortality-from-preeclampsia-preventive-medication-september-2014
     September 09, 2014 - Evidence on long-term outcomes in offspring exposed in utero to low-dose aspirin is limited, but no developmental … research should also investigate whether preeclampsia prevention with low-dose aspirin affects women's long-term … The USPSTF found limited evidence on long-term outcomes in offspring from in utero exposure to low-dose … The USPSTF did not identify any harmful effects of low-dose aspirin use on long-term outcomes in offspring

271. Screening for Chlamydial Infection: An Evidence Update (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/REES__d2DxtDLhZCXQjpPW
     July 01, 2007 - The time frame for this study may not have been adequate to detect the full consequences of the long-term … 2001, the USPSTF noted that the benefits to men of treating asymptomatic infection are small, because long … investigators reported that for some women, this led to “tension and suspicion within relationships,” but no long-term … Influence of infection with Chlamydia trachomatis on pregnancy outcome, infant health and life-long sequelae

272. Archived: Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/cognitive-impairment-in-older-adults-screening-2014
     March 18, 2014 - Total health, long-term, and hospice care costs for dementia in the United States were an estimated $183 … Given the lack of evidence that treatment affects long-term cognitive outcomes for mild to moderate dementia … address the changing needs of patients and families and interventions that clearly have an effect on the long-term … Given that current therapies for dementia do not seem to affect the long-term progression of mild to

273. Final Research Plan: Vitamin D, Calcium, or Combined Supplementation for the Primary Prevention of Falls and Fractures in Community-Dwelling Adults: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/vitamin-d-calcium-combined-supplementation-primary-prevention-falls-fractures-communitydwelling-adults
     April 06, 2023 - Osteoporosis, or those who take antiresorptive agents, have a prior history of osteoporotic fractures, or have long-term

274. Archived: Bladder Cancer in Adults: Screening, 2004 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/bladder-cancer-screening-2004
     June 07, 2004 - there is limited evidence that early treatment of bladder cancer detected through screening improves long-term

275. Cancer Older Adults (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/sites/default/files/inline-files/cancer_older_adults.pdf
     September 28, 2012 - for the test (discomfort or side effects of prep), testing harms (colon perforation, fatigue from a long … function is substantial, and may offset modest longevity benefits.25 Quality-adjusted survival—how long … Only 13 % thought they would not live long enough to benefit from cancer screening. … Health related quality of life for men treated for localized prostate cancer with long-term followup.

276. Screening for Postmenopausal Osteoporosis: A Summary of the Evidence (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/2kM7LY6ccceVo8bmdUXhYm
     September 01, 2002 - therapy Current use 0.82 (0.74-0.91) 30 per 5 years use 0.5 (0.2-0.9) 28 >2 years use 0.44 (0.22-0.89) 32 Long … Long-term outcomes may provide a more accurate estimate of benefits. … Also, we cannot exclude the possibility that harms outweigh benefits, particularly since the long-term … Bone loss in the perimenopausal and early postmenopausal years is important to long-term bone health, … Long-term fracture prediction by bone mineral assessed at different skeletal sites.

277. Evidence Summary: Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/abdominal-aortic-aneurysm-screening
     December 10, 2019 - Higher rates of elective surgery but no long-term differences in quality of life resulted from screening … Intermittent roxithromycin for preventing progression of small abdominal aortic aneurysms: long-term … Long-term benefit and cost-effectiveness analysis of screening for abdominal aortic aneurysms from a … Long-term outcomes of immediate repair compared with surveillance of small abdominal aortic aneurysms … The long-term benefits of a single scan for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) at age 65.

278. Behavioral Interventions and Counseling to Prevent Child Abuse and Neglect: A Systematic Review to Update the USPSTF Recommendation (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/SUHq3jffCaucDobFXKewQ_
     February 01, 2013 - Associated long-term physical conditions include neurologic and musculoskeletal disorders; gastro- intestinal … Start (49), Healthy Families (45, 47), Child First (51), and Family Partnership Model (42) programs; long-term … fam- ilies in the intervention group had fewer CPS reports than did those in the usual care group as long … In a long-term follow-up study of the Memphis trial that included 743 children, those receiving home … The long-term physical health and healthcare utilization of women who were sexually abused as children

279. High-Priority Evidence Gaps for Clinical Preventive Services Fourth Annual Report to Congress (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/sites/default/files/inline-files/annlrpt2014%20(6).pdf
     November 01, 2014 - Effects of screening for and treatment of major depressive disorder on long-term health outcomes. … Long-term weight loss maintenance and possible harms of treatment. Obesity 3. … Long-term harms of lipid-lowering medications in children and adolescents. 1. … Long-term harms of HIV antiretroviral therapy. Sexually transmitted infections 2. … Research on medication harms, measures of long-term compliance with treatment, and the effectiveness

280. High-Priority Evidence Gaps for Clinical Preventive Services Fourth Annual Report to Congress (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/sites/default/files/inline-files/annlrpt2014%20(9).pdf
     November 01, 2014 - Effects of screening for and treatment of major depressive disorder on long-term health outcomes. … Long-term weight loss maintenance and possible harms of treatment. Obesity 3. … Long-term harms of lipid-lowering medications in children and adolescents. 1. … Long-term harms of HIV antiretroviral therapy. Sexually transmitted infections 2. … Research on medication harms, measures of long-term compliance with treatment, and the effectiveness