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201. Final Evidence Summary: Illicit Drug Use in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults: Primary Care-Based Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/other-supporting-document19727/drug-use-illicit-primary-care-interventions-for-children-and-adolescents
     September 03, 2020 - vehicle crashes, 2 , 3 violence, 4 suicidal behavior, 5 and lower educational achievement. 6 , 7 Some long-term … Studies were, however, included if they used schools only for recruitment purposes, as long as they recruited … . 65 A 10-year follow-up (n = 446 families) of an RCT originally conducted in Iowa in 1993 found a long-term … Second, no evidence was found that included children younger than 10 years, likely because a very long … Long-term consequences of adolescent cannabis use: examining intermediary processes.

202. Recommendation: Breast Cancer: Medication Use to Reduce Risk | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/breast-cancer-medications-for-risk-reduction
     September 03, 2019 - tamoxifen with raloxifene, found that tamoxifen reduced breast cancer risk more than raloxifene after long-term … harms of aromatase inhibitors for the primary risk reduction of breast cancer are limited, especially long-term … and endometrial cancer return to baseline after discontinuation of tamoxifen. 15 Data on similarly long-term … reduction and found that tamoxifen provided a greater risk reduction for invasive breast cancer on long-term … Long-term results of tamoxifen prophylaxis for breast cancer—96-month follow-up of the randomized IBIS-I

203. Archived: Statin Use for the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Adults: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/statin-use-in-adults-preventive-medication-november-2016
     November 13, 2016 - More research is needed to address the efficacy and safety of long-term statin use in this population … Additional research is also warranted on the potential long-term harms of statin therapy, particularly … Efficacy of statins in familial hypercholesterolaemia: a long-term cohort study. … AMDA–The Society for Post-Acute and Long-Term Care Medicine. … https://www.choosingwisely.org/societies/amda-the-society-for-post-acute-and-long-term-care-medicine/

204. Risk Assessment, Genetic Counseling, and Genetic Testing for BRCA-Related Cancer: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the USPSTF (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/MzHhsgTBL37rRvvJfkfgMZ
     August 20, 2019 - Hopwood P, Keeling F, Long A, et al. … Long-term follow-up of Jewish women with a BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation who underwent population genetic … Prophylactic oophorectomy reduces breast cancer penetrance during prospective, long-term follow-up of … BRCA1-associated breast cancers present differently from BRCA2-associated and familial cases: long-term … Long-term results of tamoxifen prophylaxis for breast cancer—96-month follow-up of the randomized IBIS-I

205. Archived: Prostate Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/prostate-cancer-screening-2012
     May 15, 2012 - Radiotherapy and surgery result in long-term adverse effects, including urinary incontinence and erectile … USPSTF Assessment Although the precise, long-term effect of PSA screening on prostate cancer–specific … Although the USPSTF agrees that a demonstrated effect of PSA-based screening on long-term quality of … However, long-term, population-based cohort studies and randomized treatment trials of conservatively … Long-term quality-of-life outcomes after radical prostatectomy or watchful waiting: the Scandinavian

206. PEDS20152567 746..752 (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/s2xawZNAWVC5qgGyTT6r8m
     October 01, 2015 - Studies that evaluate the effects (short- and long-term) of change in iron status on health outcomes … Similarly, well-designed long-term, controlled studies that evaluate the benefits and harms of screening … Few well-designed long-term studies on the effects of iron deficiency anemia in infancy and childhood … One oft-cited study conducted in Costa Rica reported on long-term developmental outcomes and found that

207. Evidence Summary: Healthy Diet and Physical Activity for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Adults Without Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: Behavioral Counseling Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary/healthy-lifestyle-and-physical-activity-for-cvd-prevention-adults-without-known-risk-factors-behavioral-counseling
     July 26, 2022 - There was limited evidence regarding the long-term health outcomes or harmful effects of these interventions … Short- and long-term effects of a mobile phone app in conjunction with brief in-person counseling on … Long-term (1- and 2-year) effects of lifestyle intervention in type 2 diabetes relatives.  … The long-term effectiveness of need-supportive physical activity counseling compared with a standard … Low-fat dietary pattern among postmenopausal women influences long-term cancer, cardiovascular disease

208. Preexposure Prophylaxis for the Prevention of HIV: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/KFZpoMBYuoo8TRW6nhRev8
     October 23, 2023 - Two new trials found long-acting injectable cabotegravir associated with decreased risk of HIV infection … Drug Administration (FDA) approved oral tenofovir alafenamide fumarate/emtricitabine (TAF/FTC) and long … Long-Acting Injectable Cabotegravir vs Daily Oral TDF/FTC In HPTN 083 and 084 (n = 7786), long-acting … In 2 new trials, long- acting injectable cabotegravir was associated with greater reduc- tion in risk … out- comes of long-acting injectable cabotegravir, including the inci- dence and clinical consequences

209. Update on Methods: Insufficient Evidence | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/about-uspstf/methods-and-processes/update-methods-insufficient-evidence
     March 04, 2021 - For some preventive services, the long timeline required to improve health outcomes makes RCTs impractical … in 2003 that evidence was insufficient. 30  This conclusion was based on the lack of evidence on the long-term … outcomes of treatment for high blood pressure starting in adolescence and concern about the harms of long-term

210. Archived: Modeling Report: Lung Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/modeling-report/lung-cancer-screening-december-2013
     July 30, 2013 - Methods: Five independent microsimulation models estimated the long-term harms and benefits of screening … Results: Five independent microsimulation models estimated the long-term harms and benefits of screening … significant effect, this trial does not directly address the effects of additional rounds of screening, the long-term … To understand the tradeoffs between benefits and important harms involved with screening, long-term outcomes … exposures than NLST and provides further information on the natural history of lung cancer) to estimate the long-term

211. Archived: Evidence Summary: Bleeding Risks With Aspirin Use: Aspirin Use to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease and Colorectal Cancer: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary-bleeding-risks-with-aspirin-use/aspirin-to-prevent-cardiovascular-disease-and-cancer-april-2016
     April 11, 2016 - of increasing the cumulative weekly aspirin dosage on lower or upper GI bleeding in both short- and long-term … Clinical features of gastroduodenal injury associated with long-term low-dose aspirin therapy [Editorial … Effect of daily aspirin on long-term risk of death due to cancer: analysis of individual patient data … Long-term use of aspirin and the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding. Am J Med . 2011;124:426-33. … Alternate-day, low-dose aspirin and cancer risk: long-term observational follow-up of a randomized trial

212. Archived: Hepatitis B in Pregnant Women: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/hepatitis-b-in-pregnant-women-screening-2009
     June 15, 2009 - Chronic HBV infections increase long-term morbidity and mortality by predisposing infected persons to … Research Needs/Gaps Research is needed to assess the effect of long-standing universal childhood hepatitis

213. Final Evidence Summary: Tobacco Use in Children and Adolescents: Primary Care Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/other-supporting-document19468/tobacco-and-nicotine-use-prevention-in-children-and-adolescents-primary-care-interventions
     April 28, 2020 - One long-term follow-up (n = 1020) 45 of a previously included trial (n = 2586) 38 found no effect … addiction, harm to the developing brain, nicotine toxicity, burns from vaping device explosions) and long-term … Long-term effects of a home-based smoking prevention program on smoking initiation: a cluster randomized … Long-term effectiveness of adolescent brief tobacco intervention: a follow-up study. … Long-term efficacy of nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation in adolescents: a randomized

214. Fourteenth Annual Report to Congress on High-Priority Evidence Gaps Across the Lifespan, in All Communities | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/about-uspstf/reports-congress/fourteenth-annual-report-congress-high-priority-evidence-gaps-across-lifespan-all-communities
     November 01, 2024 - The Task Force has a long-standing commitment to and specific methods for evaluating the evidence for

215. The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Issues Draft Recommendation Statement on Screening for Syphilis in Pregnancy (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/sites/default/files/file/supporting_documents/syphilis-pregnancy-draft-rec-bulletin.pdf
     December 23, 2024 - distinguished chair in the Department of Family and Community Medicine at the Joe R. and Teresa Lozano Long

216. Final Recommendation Statement: Skin Cancer Prevention: Behavioral Counseling | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/RecommendationStatementFinal/skin-cancer-counseling
     March 20, 2018 - Studies that measured long-term or total sun exposure showed mixed association between increased sun … One study, which was considered by the USPSTF for its previous recommendation statement, analyzed long-term … Long-term effects of appearance-based interventions on sun protection behaviors. … Skin self-examination and long-term melanoma survival. Melanoma Res . 2016;26(4):401-8. … Hat, shade, long sleeves, or sunscreen?

217. 4Z Bygyyfkv5Uru6Fjx8Pb (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/4z_ByGyYfKV5uRU6fjx8pB
     March 01, 2014 - The benefit of treatment on long-term meta- bolic outcomes in women who are treated for GDM com- pared … before 24 weeks of gestation reduces maternal and fetal complications at delivery or leads to improved long … The studies used a variety of glucose inclusion criteria and assessed short- and long-term outcomes in … No studies provided evidence on long-term maternal outcomes, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity … Mild GDM management and long term mater- nal and child health: follow-up of the Mild GDM Trial.

218. Archived: Final Evidence Summary: Low-Dose Aspirin Use for the Prevention of Morbidity and Mortality From Preeclampsia: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary51/low-dose-aspirin-use-for-the-prevention-of-morbidity-and-mortality-from-preeclampsia-preventive-medication-september-2014
     April 08, 2014 - Evidence on long-term outcomes was sparse, but 18-month follow-up from the largest trial found no developmental … No harms were identified, but long-term evidence was limited. … Many studies also have found associations between preeclampsia and long-term cardiovascular health outcomes … Observational studies offer hypothesis-generating evidence on long-term effects of aspirin exposure during … Potential rare or long-term harms could not be ruled out, but none were identified.

219. Archived: Obesity in Children and Adolescents: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/obesity-in-children-and-adolescents-screening-2010
     January 15, 2010 - In addition, evidence was limited on the long-term sustainability of BMI changes achieved through behavioral … There were no long-term data on the maintenance of improvement after discontinuation of medications. … Two very small studies showed no significant differences between groups. 15 There are no long-term data

220. Counseling to Prevent Skin Cancer - Recommendations and Rationale (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/o7FfN6a6DA5LqDsfMgBxkk
     June 01, 2003 - rays and covering skin exposed to the sun (by wearing protective clothing such as broad-brimmed hats, long … - sleeved shirts, long pants, and sunglasses). … demonstrated effectiveness for increasing the use of skin protection measures, such as wearing hats and long-sleeve