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201. Fourteenth Annual Report to Congress on High-Priority Evidence Gaps Across the Lifespan, in All Communities | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/about-uspstf/reports-congress/fourteenth-annual-report-congress-high-priority-evidence-gaps-across-lifespan-all-communities
     November 01, 2024 - The Task Force has a long-standing commitment to and specific methods for evaluating the evidence for

202. W-9Tarc9Nkw6Pe4Sfddmkz (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/W-9TArc9nkw6Pe4sfddMKZ
     July 01, 2013 - Evidence was insufficient for long-term metabolic outcomes among offspring. … known preexisting diabetes; compared any treatment of GDM with no treatment; and reported short- and long-term … There was no evidence from the included studies for long-term maternal outcomes, such as type 2 diabetes … substantial heterogeneity 6 cohort studies High Inconsistent Direct Precise Low (favors treatment) Long-term … Further study of the long-term metabolic effect on offspring whose mothers have been treated for GDM

203. Draft Recommendation: Vitamin D, Calcium, or Combined Supplementation for the Primary Prevention of Falls and Fractures in Community-Dwelling Adults: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/draft-recommendation/vitamin-d-calcium-combined-supplementation-primary-prevention-falls-fractures-communitydwelling-adults
     December 17, 2024 - osteoporosis or vitamin D deficiency) or taking medication known to be associated with osteoporosis (e.g., long-term … Long-term effects of calcium supplementation on serum parathyroid hormone level, bone turnover, and bone … Long-term effect of randomization to calcium and vitamin D supplementation on health in older women:

204. Archived: Hepatitis B in Pregnant Women: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/hepatitis-b-in-pregnant-women-screening-2009
     June 15, 2009 - Chronic HBV infections increase long-term morbidity and mortality by predisposing infected persons to … Research Needs/Gaps Research is needed to assess the effect of long-standing universal childhood hepatitis

205. Archived: Abnormal Blood Glucose and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/screening-for-abnormal-blood-glucose-and-type-2-diabetes-october-2015
     October 26, 2015 - Hemoglobin A 1c is a measure of long-term blood glucose concentration and is not affected by acute changes … Effect of population screening for type 2 diabetes on mortality: long-term follow-up of the Ely cohort … The long-term effect of lifestyle interventions to prevent diabetes in the China Da Qing Diabetes Prevention … Long-term multiple risk factor interventions in Japanese elderly diabetic patients: the Japanese Elderly … Long-term safety, tolerability, and weight loss associated with metformin in the Diabetes Prevention

206. Archived: Diabetes Mellitus (Type 2) in Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/diabetes-mellitus-type-2-in-adults-screening-2008
     June 15, 2008 - Primary Care), currently in progress, may shed light on differences in baseline characteristics and long-term … The USPSTF reviewed the evidence on early treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in preventing long-term … to 7 years. 1 , 32 However, there are few data on prevention or delay of cardiovascular and other long-term … Potential Harms of Screening and Treatment: Observational studies report no serious long-term adverse … [PMID: 10438259] The Long-Term Intervention with Pravastatin in Ischaemic Disease (LIPID) Study Group

207. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Issues Final Recommendation Statement on Screening Children for Lipid Disorders (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/sites/default/files/file/supporting_documents/lipid-disorders-screening-children-adolescents-final-rec-bulletin.pdf
     July 18, 2023 - In addition, the potential long-term harms of treating children and adolescents to lower cholesterol

208. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Issues Draft Recommendation Statement on Screening Children for Lipid Disorders (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/sites/default/files/file/supporting_documents/child-lipid-screening-draft-rec-bulletin.pdf
     February 21, 2023 - In addition, the potential long-term harms of treating children and adolescents to lower cholesterol

209. PEDS20152567 746..752 (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/s2xawZNAWVC5qgGyTT6r8m
     October 01, 2015 - Studies that evaluate the effects (short- and long-term) of change in iron status on health outcomes … Similarly, well-designed long-term, controlled studies that evaluate the benefits and harms of screening … Few well-designed long-term studies on the effects of iron deficiency anemia in infancy and childhood … One oft-cited study conducted in Costa Rica reported on long-term developmental outcomes and found that

210. Evidence Summary: BRCA-Related Cancer: Risk Assessment, Genetic Counseling, and Genetic Testing | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/brca-related-cancer-risk-assessment-genetic-counseling-and-genetic-testing
     August 20, 2019 - Hopwood P, Keeling F, Long A, Pool C, Evans G, Howell A. … Long-term follow-up of Jewish women with a BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation who underwent population genetic … Prophylactic oophorectomy reduces breast cancer penetrance during prospective, long-term follow-up of … BRCA1 -associated breast cancers present differently from BRCA2 -associated and familial cases: long-term … Long-term results of tamoxifen prophylaxis for breast cancer—96-month follow-up of the randomized IBIS-I

211. Screening for Speech and Language Delay in Preschool Children: Systematic Evidence Review (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/cmJ4Bm9BysHuBX2Wy8MQbc
     December 07, 2005 - measures were considered if they were obtained at any time or age after screening and/or intervention as long … by primary care physiciansbefore referral fro diagnostic evaluation, non-speech and language and long-term … Also, behavioral interventions are difficult to conduct in long-term randomized trials, and it is not … Fey ME, Cleave PL, Long SH. … Fey ME, Cleave PL, Long SH, Hughes DL.

212. Archived: Statin Use for the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Adults: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/statin-use-in-adults-preventive-medication-november-2016
     November 13, 2016 - More research is needed to address the efficacy and safety of long-term statin use in this population … Additional research is also warranted on the potential long-term harms of statin therapy, particularly … Efficacy of statins in familial hypercholesterolaemia: a long-term cohort study. … AMDA–The Society for Post-Acute and Long-Term Care Medicine. … https://www.choosingwisely.org/societies/amda-the-society-for-post-acute-and-long-term-care-medicine/

213. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Issues Draft Recommendation Statement on Screening and Behavioral Interventions for Unhealthy Alcohol Use in Adolescents and Adults (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/sites/default/files/file/supporting_documents/unhealthy-alcohol-use-adolescents-adults-draft-rec-bulletin.pdf
     August 05, 2025 - Drinking during pregnancy can be harmful to the baby, causing long term physical and developmental problems

214. Draft Research Plan: Breastfeeding: Primary Care Behavioral Counseling Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/draft-research-plan/breastfeeding-interventions
     March 10, 2022 - What are the associations between breastfeeding or consuming breastmilk and short- and long-term health

215. Final Research Plan: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-screening
     October 08, 2020 - meter; confirmatory post-bronchodilator spirometry KQs 2, 3: Pharmacotherapy (including short- and long-acting

216. Archived: Modeling Report: Lung Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/modeling-report/lung-cancer-screening-december-2013
     July 30, 2013 - Methods: Five independent microsimulation models estimated the long-term harms and benefits of screening … Results: Five independent microsimulation models estimated the long-term harms and benefits of screening … significant effect, this trial does not directly address the effects of additional rounds of screening, the long-term … To understand the tradeoffs between benefits and important harms involved with screening, long-term outcomes … exposures than NLST and provides further information on the natural history of lung cancer) to estimate the long-term

217. Archived: Prostate Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/prostate-cancer-screening-2012
     May 15, 2012 - Radiotherapy and surgery result in long-term adverse effects, including urinary incontinence and erectile … USPSTF Assessment Although the precise, long-term effect of PSA screening on prostate cancer–specific … Although the USPSTF agrees that a demonstrated effect of PSA-based screening on long-term quality of … However, long-term, population-based cohort studies and randomized treatment trials of conservatively … Long-term quality-of-life outcomes after radical prostatectomy or watchful waiting: the Scandinavian

218. Update on Methods: Insufficient Evidence | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/about-uspstf/methods-and-processes/update-methods-insufficient-evidence
     March 04, 2021 - For some preventive services, the long timeline required to improve health outcomes makes RCTs impractical … in 2003 that evidence was insufficient. 30  This conclusion was based on the lack of evidence on the long-term … outcomes of treatment for high blood pressure starting in adolescence and concern about the harms of long-term

219. Final Recommendation Statement: Breast Cancer: Medication Use to Reduce Risk | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/RecommendationStatementFinal/breast-cancer-medications-for-risk-reduction
     September 03, 2019 - tamoxifen with raloxifene, found that tamoxifen reduced breast cancer risk more than raloxifene after long-term … harms of aromatase inhibitors for the primary risk reduction of breast cancer are limited, especially long-term … and endometrial cancer return to baseline after discontinuation of tamoxifen. 15 Data on similarly long-term … reduction and found that tamoxifen provided a greater risk reduction for invasive breast cancer on long-term … Long-term results of tamoxifen prophylaxis for breast cancer—96-month follow-up of the randomized IBIS-I

220. Final Evidence Summary: Illicit Drug Use in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults: Primary Care-Based Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/other-supporting-document19727/drug-use-illicit-primary-care-interventions-for-children-and-adolescents
     September 03, 2020 - vehicle crashes, 2 , 3 violence, 4 suicidal behavior, 5 and lower educational achievement. 6 , 7 Some long-term … Studies were, however, included if they used schools only for recruitment purposes, as long as they recruited … . 65 A 10-year follow-up (n = 446 families) of an RCT originally conducted in Iowa in 1993 found a long-term … Second, no evidence was found that included children younger than 10 years, likely because a very long … Long-term consequences of adolescent cannabis use: examining intermediary processes.