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161. Clinical Summary: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendations on Screening for Chlamydial Infection (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/LSQD6GNttH3e6QaZ6NBzY3
     July 17, 2007 - There is no evidence that screening men reduces the long-term consequences of chlamydial infection in

162. Evidence Summary: Healthy Diet and Physical Activity for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Adults With Cardiovascular Risk Factors: Behavioral Counseling Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/healthy-diet-and-physical-activity-counseling-adults-with-high-risk-of-cvd
     November 24, 2020 - risk calculators 19 ), presence of metabolic syndrome, or having any of multiple CVD risk factors as long … The efficacy of multiple risk factor intervention in treated hypertensive men during long-term follow … Predictors and mediators of successful long-term withdrawal from antihypertensive medications. … Effect of long-term changes in diet and exercise on plasma leptin concentrations. … Predictors of long-term weight loss in adults with modest initial weight loss, by sex and race.

163. Interventions to Prevent Child Maltreatment: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/LU_2NqdYKvadBZuYjUmKo5
     April 10, 2018 - younger than 1 year identified as having experi- enced maltreatment.1 Abuse and neglect can result in long-term … Childhood experiences of maltreatment can affect child and adolescent development and have long-term … complex trauma and are associated with many negative physical and psychological out- comes, including long-term … Long- term follow-up (2.5 to 13.0 years after initial results) yielded mixed results, with 2 trials16 … Long-term effects of home visitation on maternal life course and child abuse and neglect: fifteen-year

164. Screening for Dyslipidemia in Younger Adults: A Systematic Review (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/SaASReVeD_fpHZQbeBZD5s
     October 01, 2016 - event prevention ap- peared to start within 1 to 2 years of statin initiation (24), suggesting that long-term … be relatively safe and short-term adverse events generally resolve with discontinuation of therapy, long-term … Because very large, long-term trials would be required to evaluate screening of younger adults in the … Efficacy of statins in familial hypercholes- terolaemia: a long term cohort study. … Long-term in- traindividual cholesterol variability: natural course and adverse im- pact on morbidity

165. High-Priority Evidence Gaps for Clinical Preventive Services: 13th Annual Report to Congress (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/sites/default/files/2023-12/2023-annual-report-to-congress.pdf
     January 01, 2023 - The Task Force has a long-standing commitment to, and specific methods for, evaluating the evidence … depression, more research is needed to better understand the effects of screening for depression on long-term … We join the USPSTF’s call for more research so that people of all ages and backgrounds can live long … otherwise specified.12 Anxiety disorders are often unrecognized in primary care settings, and years-long … Cigarroa, Jr., M.D., distinguished chair in the Joe R. and Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine at

166. Archived: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection: Screening, 1996 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/human-immunodeficiency-virus-hiv-infection-screening-1996
     January 01, 1996 - distribution of new AIDS cases may not reflect the changing pattern of the HIV epidemic due to the long … may be more effective than monotherapy in reducing viral burden and delaying immunodeficiency, but long-term … ). 16 ZDV is associated with a low incidence of severe side effects in mothers or infants, but the long-term … Long-term HIV infection without immunologic progression. AIDS . 1994;8:1123–1128. [ PubMed ] 6. … Comparison of long-term prognosis of patients with AIDS treated and not treated with zidovudine.

167. Archived: Final Recommendation Statement: Skin Cancer: Counseling, 2003 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/RecommendationStatementFinal/skin-cancer-counseling-2003
     October 06, 2003 - rays and covering skin exposed to the sun (by wearing protective clothing such as broad-brimmed hats, long-sleeved … shirts, long pants, and sunglasses). … demonstrated effectiveness for increasing the use of skin protection measures, such as wearing hats and long-sleeve

168. Vc8Slesu493Dfqmmkadxgl (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/Vc8SLesU493dFQmMKadxGL
     December 01, 2003 - There are no data on the long-term (longer than 2 years) benefits or adverse effects of these drugs. … The long-term health effects of surgery for obesity are not well characterized. … gastrointestinal fecal urgency, flatulence, and oily spotting in 22% to 27% of people taking the drug.31 The long-term … malabsorption.25 Re-operation is necessary within 5 years in up to 25% of patients, and patients require long-term … the use of intensive lifestyle modification programs along with standard weight loss strategies for long-term

169. Screening for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Adults: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/36geybKjEXsHDoPkRR5KVZ
     June 01, 2008 - The review for this current recommendation focused on evidence that early treatment prevented long-term … The USPSTF reviewed the evidence on early treat- ment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in preventing long-term … How- ever, there are few data on prevention or delay of cardio- vascular and other long-term health outcomes … Potential Harms of Screening and Treatment Observational studies report no serious long-term ad- verse … The Long-Term Intervention with Pravastatin in Ischaemic Disease (LIPID) Study Group.

170. Archived: Evidence Summary: Aspirin: Aspirin/NSAIDs for Prevention of Colorectal Cancer: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary-aspirin/aspirin-nsaids-for-prevention-of-colorectal-cancer-preventive-medication-2007
     March 15, 2007 - Finally, although adherence to colorectal cancer screening is poor, long-term adherence to therapy with … A large, good-quality, long-term followup study of aspirin use in average-risk U.S. women revealed a … Long-term use of aspirin and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and risk of colorectal cancer. … Long-term use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and the risk of colorectal adenomas. … Risk of gastrointestinal haemorrhage with long term use of aspirin: meta-analysis.

171. The Use of Aspirin for Primary Prevention of Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/pnyU5fxhdBUtCdvJ3GyqzR
     March 01, 2007 - Potential harms must be considered in light of the possibly long period of aspirin exposure used for … Finally, although ad- herence to colorectal cancer screening is poor, long-term adherence to therapy … Long-term use of aspirin and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and risk of colorectal cancer. … Long-term use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and the risk of colorectal adenomas. … Risk of gastrointestinal haemorrhage with long term use of aspirin: meta-analysis.

172. USPSTF Clinician Summary of USPSTF Recommendation: Screening for Lipid Disorders in Children and Adolescents (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/SkbkgyTc826aqUmKghKELw
     July 01, 2023 - The USPSTF is calling for more long-term data on the effectiveness of screening for and treatment of

173. Archived: Final Evidence Summary: Speech and Language Delay in Preschool Children: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary47/speech-and-language-delay-in-preschool-children-screening-2006
     February 15, 2006 - measures were considered if they were obtained at any time or age after screening and/or intervention as long … As a result, long-term outcomes are not known, interventions could not be directly compared to determine … Also, behavioral interventions are difficult to conduct in long-term randomized trials, and it is not … Fey ME, Cleave PL, Long SH. … Fey ME, Cleave PL, Long SH, Hughes DL.

174. Effectiveness of Primary Care–Relevant Treatments for Obesity in Adults: A Systematic Evidence Review for the USPSTF (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/hbSopN6uA9u-4EQuKtRGDP
     October 01, 2011 - Indeed, antiobesity medications have a long history of removal from the market or failing U.S. … Effects of four maintenance programs on the long-term management of obesity. … Orlistat in the long-term treatment of obesity in primary care settings. … Weight reduction and long-term maintenance after 18 months treatment with orlistat for obesity. … Surgery decreases long-term mortality, morbidity, and health care use in morbidly obese patients.

175. Archived: Evidence Summary: BRCA-Related Cancer: Risk Assessment, Genetic Counseling, and Genetic Testing | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary17/brca-related-cancer-risk-assessment-genetic-counseling-and-genetic-testing-2013
     December 15, 2013 - Adverse effects include surgical complications, long-term physical effects, and distress. … Hopwood P, Keeling F, Long A, Pool C, Evans G, Howell A. … Long-term follow-up of Jewish women with a BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation who underwent population genetic … Psychological outcomes of familial ovarian cancer screening: no evidence of long-term harm. … Prophylactic oophorectomy reduces breast cancer penetrance during prospective, long-term follow-up of

176. Update on the Methods of the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force: Insufficient Evidence (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/sites/default/files/inline-files/inevidup.pdf
     September 01, 2009 - For some preventive services, the long timeline required to improve health outcomes makes RCTs impractical … Potential harms Immediate or long-term harms associated with delivering this service in routine care … The potential long-term harms of pharmacologic treatment of high blood pressure when started at a young … This conclusion was based on the lack of evidence on the long-term outcomes of treat­ ment for high … blood pressure starting in adolescence and concern about the harms of long-term pharmacologic treatment

177. Screening for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: US Preventive Services Task Force Reaffirmation Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/mggnaKHr496c8QCgHe9-tm
     May 01, 2021 - Studies included treating persons with COPD with long-acting beta-agonists (LABAs), long-acting muscarinic … asymptomatic adults for COPD to reduce morbidity or mortality or improve health-related quality of life, with long-term … symptomatic, or screen-detected populations to slow dis- ease progression and improve health outcomes, with long-term

178. Individualizing Cancer Screening in Older Adults | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/about-uspstf/methods-and-processes/individualizing-cancer-screening-older-adults
     March 01, 2021 - discomfort or adverse effects of preparation), testing harms (for example, colon perforation, fatigue from a long … function is substantial and may offset modest longevity benefits. 24 Quality-adjusted survival—how long … Only 13% thought they would not live long enough to benefit from cancer screening. … Health related quality of life for men treated for localized prostate cancer with long-term followup.

179. Screening for Obesity in Children and Adolescents: USPSTF Recommendations Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/PdBbRgWKPMbHfeQeHkM242
     February 01, 2010 - In addition, evidence was lim- ited on the long-term sustainability of BMI changes achieved through behav … There were no long-term data on the mainte- nance of improvement after discontin- uation of medications … Two very small studies showed no significant differ- ences between groups.15 There are no long-term data … same-day access to a primary care physician is difficult in some parts of this country, not to mention long

180. Recommendation: Iron Deficiency Anemia in Young Children: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/iron-deficiency-anemia-in-young-children-screening
     September 07, 2015 - Studies that evaluate the effects (short- and long-term) of change in iron status on health outcomes … Similarly, well-designed long-term, controlled studies that evaluate the benefits and harms of screening … Few well-designed long-term studies on the effects of iron deficiency anemia in infancy and childhood … One oft-cited study conducted in Costa Rica reported on long-term developmental outcomes and found that