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141. Interventions for High Body Mass Index in Children and Adolescents: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/kXAtzuxCxKJcHK9Fg63GA3
     April 01, 2023 - evidence on the benefits of pharmacotherapy due to small number of studies and limited evidence on long-term … How- ever, there is no evidence on the harms of long-term medication use.1 In addition, pharmacotherapy … Interventions for high BMI in children and adolescents Research is needed on long-term health outcomes … Research is needed on long-term (at least 2 years) psychosocial harms (eg, quality of life) of pharmacotherapy … Research is needed on the maintenance of weight loss after behavioral interventions and assessment of long-term

142. Screening for Visual Impairment in Children Younger than Age 5 Years - Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/thMRXgCVQmNUsYo6dmXEc3
     May 01, 2004 - visual acuity; and that treatment of strabismus and amblyopia can improve visual acuity and reduce long-term … not harm outcomes.34 Since the USPSTF found no studies that followed patients into adulthood, the long-term … An inner city preschool visual screening programme: long-term visual results. … Screening of amblyopic children and long-term follow-up.

143. Archived: Tobacco Use Prevention: Counseling, 1996 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/tobacco-use-prevention-counseling-1996
     January 01, 1996 - When used correctly and in combination with clinician advice to stop smoking, nicotine gum increases long-term … Longer follow-up has shown little long-term benefit, however, suggesting that program effects need to … counseling to prevent tobacco use has not been determined with certainty, but repeated messages over long … If possible, the clinician should also review the short- and long-term health, social, and economic benefits … bad breath, cost, decreased athletic ability, cough, phlegm production, and shortness of breath) and long-term

144. Primary Care–Relevant Interventions to Prevent Opioid Use Disorder: Current Research and Evidence Gaps (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/sites/default/files/inline-files/prevention-of-opioid-user-disorder-ehc-tech-brief.pdf
     May 14, 2021 - These additions include avoidance of long-term opioid therapy in patients younger than age 30 years … • Links between intermediate outcomes (e.g., number of unused pills, long-term opioid use) and health … The Helping to End Addiction Long-Term Initiative. https://heal.nih.gov/. … Improving adherence to long-term opioid therapy guidelines to reduce opioid misuse in primary care: … The effectiveness and risks of long-term opioid treatment of chronic pain.

145. Archived: Evidence Summary: Screening for Dyslipidemia in Younger Adults: Statin Use for the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Adults: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary-dyslipidemia/statin-use-in-adults-preventive-medication-november-2016
     November 13, 2016 - be relatively safe and short-term adverse events generally resolve with discontinuation of therapy, long-term … Because very large, long-term trials would be required to evaluate screening of younger adults in the … effectiveness of earlier treatment, and studies are needed to understand harms associated with very long-term … Efficacy of statins in familial hypercholesterolaemia: a long term cohort study. … Long-term intraindividual cholesterol variability: natural course and adverse impact on morbidity and

146. Archived: Asymptomatic Bacteriuria in Adults: Screening, 2004 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/asymptomatic-bacteriuria-adults-screening-2004
     January 01, 2004 - antimicrobial therapy, there was no decrease in the number of symptomatic episodes or hospitalizations over the long

147. Screening for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the USPSTF (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/BhnZRA--TRpXdg9_tYmZ_M
     April 05, 2016 - Trials that reported outcomes in patients with mild to moderate COPD included 2 trials of long-acting … β-agonists (LABAs), long- acting anticholinergics, and inhaled corticosteroids (ICS). … Effects of long-acting bronchodilators in COPD patients according to COPD severity and ICS use. … Long-term treatment with inhaled budesonide in persons with mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease … Long-term effect of inhaled budesonide in mild and moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a

148. 3W8Wr9Wwayaqujwmjo Bl- (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/3w8Wr9wwAyAqUJWmJo_bL-
     February 01, 2014 - Adverse effects include surgical complications, long- term physical effects, and distress. … Hopwood P, Keeling F, Long A, Pool C, Evans G, Howell A. … Long-term follow-up of Jewish women with a BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation who underwent population genetic … Psychological outcomes of familial ovarian cancer screening: no evidence of long-term harm. … Prophylactic oophorectomy reduces breast cancer penetrance during pro- spective, long-term follow-up

149. Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs and Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitors for Primary Prevention of Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/EppFbhnDEX5UtYWrTkLEhT
     March 01, 2007 - However, 2 long-term, random- ized, controlled trials, the Physicians’ Health Study (9) and the Women … Long-term use of aspirin and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and risk of colorectal cancer. … Long-term use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and the risk of colorectal adenomas. … Effects of long-term sulindac therapy on colonic polyposis. Ann Intern Med. 1991;115: 952-4. … Celecoxib Long-term Arthritis Safety Study. JAMA. 2000;284: 1247-55. [PMID: 10979111] 75.

150. Kbjjfcap9Xvhkp43U-7B9Q (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/KbJjfcaP9XvhkP43u-7b9q
     July 01, 2014 - Potential long-term sequelae of chronic HBV infection include cirrhosis, hepatic decompensation, and … Studies did not eval- uate the effects of HBV vaccination on long-term clinical outcomes. … More research is needed on long-term clinical out- comes associated with current first-line antiviral … Long-term follow-up of patients with chronic hepatitis B treated with interferon alfa. … Long-term nucleos(t)ide analogues therapy for adults with chronic hepatitis B reduces the risk of long-term

151. 14th Annual Report to Congress: High-Priority Evidence Gaps Across the Lifespan, in All Communities (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/sites/default/files/2024-11/uspstf-annual-report-congress-2024.pdf
     January 01, 2024 - The Task Force has a long- standing commitment to and specific methods for evaluating the evidence for … • The long-term harms (at least 2 years) of pharmacotherapy. … • The long-term harms of behavioral interventions. … • Research is needed on long-term (at least 2 years) psychosocial harms (e.g., quality of life) of … Cigarroa, Jr., M.D., distinguished chair in the Joe R. and Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine at

152. Draft Research Plan: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV): Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/draft-research-plan/human-immunodeficiency-virus-hiv-infection-pregnant-nonpregnant-adults
     November 30, 2023 - observational studies KQ 1: Uncontrolled observational studies, modeling studies Timing KQ 5: Long-term … labeling, and partner discord, abuse, or violence KQ 3: Maternal and infant harms of treatment, including long-term

153. Archived: Obesity in Adults: Screening and Counseling, 2003 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/obesity-in-adults-screening-and-counseling-2003
     November 03, 2003 - There are no data on the long-term (longer than 2 years) benefits or adverse effects of these drugs. … The long-term health effects of surgery for obesity are not well characterized. … fecal urgency, flatulence, and oily spotting in 22 to 27 percent of people taking the drug. 3 1 The long-term … 25 Re-operation is necessary within 5 years in up to 25 percent of patients, and patients require long-term … the use of intensive lifestyle modification programs along with standard weight loss strategies for long-term

154. Archived: Suicide Risk: Screening, 1996 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/suicide-risk-screening-1996
     January 01, 1996 - no differences in psychological testing or further suicide attempts between the two groups at 1 week long-term … medicolegal reasons in persons with suspected suicidal ideation, 41 , 42 but no reliable data on the long-term … appropriately underlying mental health problems such as depression and substance abuse may be effective, but long-term … Long-term follow-up of unsuccessful violent suicide attempts: risk factors for subsequent attempts.

155. Archived: Speech and Language Delay in Preschool Children: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/speech-and-language-delay-in-preschool-children-screening-2006
     February 15, 2006 - results of short-term assessments of speech and language skills; however, no studies have assessed long-term … tests, compared a single screening technique across different populations of children, or measured long-term … The lack of long-term outcomes, comparison data, and generalizability limits conclusions about the effectiveness … identifying children with impairment, potentially leading to progressive speech and language delay and other long-term

156. Archived: Aspirin/NSAIDs for Prevention of Colorectal Cancer: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/aspirin-nsaids-for-prevention-of-colorectal-cancer-preventive-medication-2007
     March 15, 2007 - Long-term use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and other chemopreventors and risk of subsequent … Reduced incidence of colorectal adenoma among long-term users of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs: … Long-term use of aspirin and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and risk of colorectal cancer. … Reduced risk of colorectal cancer among long-term users of aspirin and nonaspirin nonsteroidal antiinflammatory

157. Screening for Speech and Language Delay in Preschool Children: Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/ecWjjTgXCffjwPyqgNCEpR
     February 01, 2006 - results of short-term assessments of speech and language skills; however, no studies have assessed long-term … tests, compared a single screening technique across different populations of children, or measured long-term … The lack of long-term outcomes, comparison data, and generalizability limits conclusions about the effectiveness … identifying children with impairment, potentially leading to progressive speech and language delay and other long-term

158. Final Research Plan: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV): Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/human-immunodeficiency-virus-hiv-infection-pregnant-nonpregnant-adults
     February 22, 2024 - observational studies KQ 1: Uncontrolled observational studies, modeling studies Timing KQ 5: Long-term … labeling, and partner discord, abuse, or violence KQ 3: Maternal and infant harms of treatment, including long-term

159. USPSTF Clinician Summary of USPSTF Recommendation: Screening for Lipid Disorders in Children and Adolescents (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/SkbkgyTc826aqUmKghKELw
     July 01, 2023 - The USPSTF is calling for more long-term data on the effectiveness of screening for and treatment of

160. Evidence Summary: Prostate Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/prostate-cancer-screening
     May 08, 2018 - Is there direct evidence that PSA-based screening for prostate cancer reduces short- or long-term prostate … Most men undergoing radical prostatectomy will experience long-term sexual difficulties and approximately … Because the lead time for prostate cancer may be very long, current screening trials (with <15 years … Long-term quality-of-life outcomes after radical prostatectomy or watchful waiting: the Scandinavian … Effects on long-term prostate cancer outcomes unknown.