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121. Interventions in Primary Care to Promote Breastfeeding: An Evidence Review (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/WYuzSoTB7frsav2gnsP7SR
     January 01, 2010 - suggests that breastfeeding interventions are more effective than usual care in increasing short- and long-term … What are the effects of interventions to promote and support breastfeeding, in terms of short- and long-term … wives, and physicians) in various settings (hospital, home, clinic, or elsewhere) to be eligible as long … However, intervention effects on short- and long-term exclusive breast- feeding were significant (rate … Figure 4—Continued Study, Year (Reference) (continued) Long-term duration Coutinho et al., 2005 (98

122. Archived: Final Evidence Summary: Breastfeeding: Counseling | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary10/breastfeeding-counseling-2008
     October 15, 2008 - suggests that breastfeeding interventions are more effective than usual care in increasing short- and long-term … midwives, and physicians) in various settings (hospital, home, clinic, or elsewhere) to be eligible as long … However, intervention effects on short- and long-term exclusive breastfeeding were significant (rate … suggests that interventions with lay support may be effective in increasing the rates of short- and long-term … The Long Island Breast Cancer Study Project: description of a multiinstitutional collaboration to identify

123. Primary Care–Relevant Interventions to Prevent Opioid Use Disorder: Current Research and Evidence Gaps (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/sites/default/files/inline-files/prevention-of-opioid-user-disorder-ehc-tech-brief.pdf
     May 14, 2021 - These additions include avoidance of long-term opioid therapy in patients younger than age 30 years … • Links between intermediate outcomes (e.g., number of unused pills, long-term opioid use) and health … The Helping to End Addiction Long-Term Initiative. https://heal.nih.gov/. … Improving adherence to long-term opioid therapy guidelines to reduce opioid misuse in primary care: … The effectiveness and risks of long-term opioid treatment of chronic pain.

124. Interventions for High Body Mass Index in Children and Adolescents: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/kXAtzuxCxKJcHK9Fg63GA3
     April 01, 2023 - evidence on the benefits of pharmacotherapy due to small number of studies and limited evidence on long-term … How- ever, there is no evidence on the harms of long-term medication use.1 In addition, pharmacotherapy … Interventions for high BMI in children and adolescents Research is needed on long-term health outcomes … Research is needed on long-term (at least 2 years) psychosocial harms (eg, quality of life) of pharmacotherapy … Research is needed on the maintenance of weight loss after behavioral interventions and assessment of long-term

125. Final Research Plan: Perinatal Depression: Preventive Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/perinatal-depression-preventive-interventions
     August 11, 2016 - prison inmates, juvenile detention centers, foster homes, group homes) Studies limited to persons in long-term … Home visits Correctional facilities School classrooms Worksites Inpatient/residential/long-term

126. Ztmgupsekcuuupvpegum45 (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/ZTMgupsEkCUuuPVpeGUm45
     September 01, 2013 - Additional risk factors include receiving a blood transfusion before 1992, long-term hemodialysis, being … Antiviral treatment prevents long-term health complications of HCV infection (such as cirrhosis, liver … Treatment The purpose of antiviral treatment regimens is to pre- vent long-term health complications … Evidence is lacking on the comparative effects of current antiviral treatments on long-term clinical … In addition, research should focus on the long-term harms associated with antiviral regimens.

127. Screening for Family and Intimate Partner Violence - Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/Home/GetFile/1/516/famviolrs/pdf
     March 01, 2004 - may include not only repercussions of acute trauma, including death or unwanted pregnancy, but also long-term … prenatal and 2-year postpartum periods for low-income, first-time mothers can improve the short-term and long-term … A 12-year prospective study of the long-term effects of early child physical maltreatment on psychological … Long-term effects of home visitation on maternal life course and child abuse and neglect. … Reid B, Long A. Suspected child abuse: communicating with a child and her mother.

128. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Approach to Child Cognitive and Behavioral Health (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/sites/default/files/inline-files/uspstfchildhealth.pdf
     October 01, 2016 - of a lack of data from research trials and the difficulty in assessing health benefits, especially long-term … Such direct evidence could come from a random- ized trial of screening with sufficiently long follow-up … service to intermediate or proxy outcomes, the relationship between intermediate or proxy outcomes and long … .4 It is important to recognize that when evaluating the net benefit of screening, the focus is on long-term … Such trials can be expensive and take a long time before results are available.

129. 14th Annual Report to Congress: High-Priority Evidence Gaps Across the Lifespan, in All Communities (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/sites/default/files/2024-11/uspstf-annual-report-congress-2024.pdf
     January 01, 2024 - The Task Force has a long- standing commitment to and specific methods for evaluating the evidence for … • The long-term harms (at least 2 years) of pharmacotherapy. … • The long-term harms of behavioral interventions. … • Research is needed on long-term (at least 2 years) psychosocial harms (e.g., quality of life) of … Cigarroa, Jr., M.D., distinguished chair in the Joe R. and Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine at

130. Final Research Plan: Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Adolescents and Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/hepatitis-b-virus-infection-screening
     March 14, 2019 - trials of preferred vs. nonpreferred antiviral therapies approved by the FDA KQ 5: Cohort studies for long-term … and expanded the study design criteria to include cohort studies of treatment versus no treatment for long-term

131. Aspirin Use for the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease and Colorectal Cancer: USPSTF Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/by8VJVre6h6BmadrGxaFMM
     April 01, 2016 - • Preferences about taking aspirin: Persons who place a high value on avoiding long-term daily medica … The CVD preven- tion benefit begins within the first 5 years of use and continues as long as aspirin … More research is also needed to determine the best dosing strategies, the long-term effects in persons … There is evidence of a potential long-term benefit on CRC mortality. … The American Cancer Society recognizes that long-term regular aspirin use has both harms and benefits

132. Behavioral and Pharmacotherapy Weight Loss Interventions to Prevent Obesity-Related Morbidity and Mortality in Adults: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the USPSTF (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/boPWHmzrtxnkkPQAoCNENS
     September 18, 2018 - .178,179 Sixth, there was also a paucity of data on long-term health out- comes. … Health, United States, Report 2016: With Chartbook on Long-term Trends in Health. … Orlistat in the long-term treatment of obesity in primary care settings. … Effects of four maintenance programs on the long-term management of obesity. … Long-term weight loss maintenance.

133. Screening for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the USPSTF (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/BhnZRA--TRpXdg9_tYmZ_M
     April 05, 2016 - Trials that reported outcomes in patients with mild to moderate COPD included 2 trials of long-acting … β-agonists (LABAs), long- acting anticholinergics, and inhaled corticosteroids (ICS). … Effects of long-acting bronchodilators in COPD patients according to COPD severity and ICS use. … Long-term treatment with inhaled budesonide in persons with mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease … Long-term effect of inhaled budesonide in mild and moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a

134. Archived: Tobacco Use Prevention: Counseling, 1996 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/tobacco-use-prevention-counseling-1996
     January 01, 1996 - When used correctly and in combination with clinician advice to stop smoking, nicotine gum increases long-term … Longer follow-up has shown little long-term benefit, however, suggesting that program effects need to … counseling to prevent tobacco use has not been determined with certainty, but repeated messages over long … If possible, the clinician should also review the short- and long-term health, social, and economic benefits … bad breath, cost, decreased athletic ability, cough, phlegm production, and shortness of breath) and long-term

135. 3W8Wr9Wwayaqujwmjo Bl- (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/3w8Wr9wwAyAqUJWmJo_bL-
     February 01, 2014 - Adverse effects include surgical complications, long- term physical effects, and distress. … Hopwood P, Keeling F, Long A, Pool C, Evans G, Howell A. … Long-term follow-up of Jewish women with a BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation who underwent population genetic … Psychological outcomes of familial ovarian cancer screening: no evidence of long-term harm. … Prophylactic oophorectomy reduces breast cancer penetrance during pro- spective, long-term follow-up

136. Archived: Evidence Summary: Screening for Dyslipidemia in Younger Adults: Statin Use for the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Adults: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary-dyslipidemia/statin-use-in-adults-preventive-medication-november-2016
     November 13, 2016 - be relatively safe and short-term adverse events generally resolve with discontinuation of therapy, long-term … Because very large, long-term trials would be required to evaluate screening of younger adults in the … effectiveness of earlier treatment, and studies are needed to understand harms associated with very long-term … Efficacy of statins in familial hypercholesterolaemia: a long term cohort study. … Long-term intraindividual cholesterol variability: natural course and adverse impact on morbidity and

137. Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs and Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitors for Primary Prevention of Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/EppFbhnDEX5UtYWrTkLEhT
     March 01, 2007 - However, 2 long-term, random- ized, controlled trials, the Physicians’ Health Study (9) and the Women … Long-term use of aspirin and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and risk of colorectal cancer. … Long-term use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and the risk of colorectal adenomas. … Effects of long-term sulindac therapy on colonic polyposis. Ann Intern Med. 1991;115: 952-4. … Celecoxib Long-term Arthritis Safety Study. JAMA. 2000;284: 1247-55. [PMID: 10979111] 75.

138. Kbjjfcap9Xvhkp43U-7B9Q (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/KbJjfcaP9XvhkP43u-7b9q
     July 01, 2014 - Potential long-term sequelae of chronic HBV infection include cirrhosis, hepatic decompensation, and … Studies did not eval- uate the effects of HBV vaccination on long-term clinical outcomes. … More research is needed on long-term clinical out- comes associated with current first-line antiviral … Long-term follow-up of patients with chronic hepatitis B treated with interferon alfa. … Long-term nucleos(t)ide analogues therapy for adults with chronic hepatitis B reduces the risk of long-term

139. Screening for Visual Impairment in Children Younger than Age 5 Years - Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/thMRXgCVQmNUsYo6dmXEc3
     May 01, 2004 - visual acuity; and that treatment of strabismus and amblyopia can improve visual acuity and reduce long-term … not harm outcomes.34 Since the USPSTF found no studies that followed patients into adulthood, the long-term … An inner city preschool visual screening programme: long-term visual results. … Screening of amblyopic children and long-term follow-up.

140. Screening for and Management of Obesity in Adults: Clinical Summary of USPSTF Recommendation (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/Z-PbjsHwm4jWMadqNh9Pbz
     Inadequate evidence was found about the effectiveness of these interventions on long-term health outcomes