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261. Topic Brief: Cervical Degenerative Disease (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/nt_docs/cervical-degenerative-topic-brief.pdf
     March 01, 2023 - Cervical Laminoplasty Versus Laminectomy and Fusion: the Long-term Results Comparison. … Long-term clinical and radiographic outcomes of the Prestige LP artificial cervical disc replacement … A comparison of long-term outcomes of nanohydroxyapatite/polyamide-66 cage and titanium mesh cage in … Long-term Results Comparing Cervical Disc Arthroplasty to Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion: A … Mid- to long-term rates of symptomatic adjacent-level disease requiring surgery after cervical total

262. Layout 1 (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/osteoarthritis-pain-2006_executive.pdf
     January 01, 2006 - : The only benefits considered under this question are improvements in osteoarthritis symptoms from long-term … an increased risk of serious CV events (CV death or myocardial infarction) relative to placebo in a long-term … Remaining Issues • The CV safety of nonselective NSAIDs has not been well studied in large, long-term … Large, long-term trials with active and placebo- controlled arms would be needed to assess the safety … • Large, long-term trials of the GI and CV safety associated with full-dose aspirin, salsalate, or

263. Future Research Needs for Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACEIs), Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists (ARBs), or Direct Renin Inhibitors (DRIs) for Treating Hypertension (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/ace-inhibitor-arb-future_research.pdf
     March 01, 2012 - Summary of Evidence on Comparative Long-Term Benefits and Harms of ACEIs, ARBs, and DRIs in Patients … If not, then large long-term clinical trial or observational study would be preferable. 2. … Summary of evidence on comparative long-term benefits and harms of ACEIs, ARBs, and DRIs in patients … Relatively few studies assessed these outcomes over the long term. … If not, then large long-term clinical trial or observational study would be preferable 2.

264. Obesity (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/obesity-horizon-scan-high-impact-1306.pdf
     July 01, 2013 - Only one surgical treatment (gastric bypass surgery) has definitively demonstrated long-term efficacy … Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved antiobesity pharmacotherapy available for long-term use … Some new options are in development but have had a long and sometimes circuitous path to marketing … Device implantation could have fewer complications than long-term pharmacotherapy for weight loss, … If liraglutide demonstrates safety and long-term efficacy, it could fulfill a large unmet need.

265. Gout Executive (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/gout_executive.pdf
     March 01, 2016 - The adverse effects of corticosteroids and animal-derived ACTH formulation are mostly related to long … serum urate should lead, over time, to a reduction in gout attacks, but the benefits and harms of long … Long term uricosuric therapy in gout. Arthritis Rheum. 1962 Aug;5:384-96. PMID: 13920871. … Multicenter, open-label study of long-term administration of febuxostat (TMX-67) in Japanese patients … Using serum urate levels to determine the period free of gouty symptoms after withdrawal of long-term

266. Obesity (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/obesity_hi_impact.pdf
     April 17, 2012 - Only one surgical treatment has definitively demonstrated long-term efficacy for morbidly obese patients … (gastric bypass surgery) and only one pharmacotherapy is currently available for long-term treatment … Some new options are in development, but have had a long and sometimes circuitous path to marketing … FDA expressed concerns about the long-term cardiovascular safety profile in the overweight and obese … Several experts mentioned the uncertainty of long-term adverse events as a potential barrier to patient

267. Medical Therapies for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder—An Updaterum Disorder--An Update (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/asd-medical-disposition.pdf
     May 26, 2017 - We have clarified the time frame to reflect ≤ 6 months as short term and greater than 6 months as long … high rates of medication use in this patient group- often without attention to adverse effects or long … particularly important given our lack of understanding of the possible risks or advantages of using long-term … think it would be important to insert one additional point in "Research Gaps": Commentators have long … For example, there is criticism of the few long-term studies of medications because they are open label

268. Microsoft Word - Comp Eff 10.doc (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/ace-inhibitor-arb-2007_research-2007-1.pdf
     January 01, 2007 - Summary of evidence on comparative long-term benefits and harms of ACEIs vs. … Summary of evidence on comparative long-term benefits and harms of ACEIs vs. … Summary of evidence on comparative long-term benefits and harms of ACEIs vs. … Summary of evidence on comparative long-term benefits and harms of ACEIs vs. … Long-term persistence with antihypertensive drugs in new patients.

269. Dispostion of Comments Report for Screening for Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Adults (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/hepatitis-c-screening_disposition-comments.pdf
     November 27, 2012 - It is unlikely that any screening study would be large enough or long enough in duration to link the … Because it is not feasible to design a study to determine long-term outcomes, it is critical for the … Long-term effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of screening for Hepatitis C virus infection. … Long-term effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of screening for Hepatitis C virus infection. … Long-term effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of screening for Hepatitis C virus infection.

270. Comparing Talk Therapy and Other Depression Treatments With Antidepressant Medicines (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/major-depressive-disorder_consumer.pdf
     September 01, 2016 - Ask your health care professional how long you will need treatment. … �How long will it take to know if a treatment is working? … � If a treatment helps, how long would I need to continue it?

271. Therapies for Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/prostate-cancer-therapies-update_clinician.pdf
     January 01, 2016 - staging prostate cancer that is detectable but not metastatic –� A limited number of studies with long … followup times –– With prostate cancer, a key limitation in accruing high- quality data is the long … What To Discuss With Your Patients and Their Caregivers –� How long the patient may live with his cancer

272. Updating the Framework for Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality’s National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/updating-framework-disposition-comments.pdf
     July 11, 2025 - Citation: Ye F, Zhang D, Martino S, Elliott M, Paz C, Long E, Tyler-Mills S, Ong C, Madera D, Ninh K

273. - (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/crohns-disease-future_research.pdf
     July 01, 2016 - Long-term follow-up also will be extremely important to capture adverse events that may not be manifest … In addition, they reported that the “efficacy and safety of long-term immunomodulation versus anti-TNF … Mucosal healing predicts long-term outcome of maintenance therapy with infliximab in crohn's disease … In addition, they reported that the “efficacy and safety of long-term immunomodulation versus anti-TNF … Mucosal healing predicts long-term outcome of maintenance therapy with infliximab in crohn's disease

274. DEMENTIA INCLUDING ALZHEIMER'S #04 (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/04_dementia_potential_high_impact_june_2012.pdf
     January 01, 2012 - Although AD is potentially fatal, patients can live as long as 20 years after diagnosis and often have … that modify the disease or better manage symptoms to keep patients as independent as possible for as long … but some experts noted that early detection might reduce costs associated with AD treatment in the long … treatment of either AD or other conditions, if this test is able to rule out AD), reduce need for long … Furthermore, experts thought that the drug’s well-known safety profile 7 and long history of

275. Evidence-based Practice Center Systematic Review Protocol (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/type-2-diabetes-medications-update_research-protocol.pdf
     April 06, 2010 - of these treatment options (see Tables 1 and 2 for list of comparisons) in terms of the following long-term … Outcomes include intermediate outcomes, long-term outcomes, safety, adverse events, mortality, and quality … Long-term outcomes can be classified as macrovascular complications (such as incident coronary artery … Outcomes include intermediate outcomes, long-term outcomes, safety, adverse events, mortality, and quality … Long-term outcomes can be classified as macrovascular complications (such as incident coronary artery

276. Evidence-based Practice Center Systematic Review Protocol (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/hip-fracture-pain_research-protocol.pdf
     December 09, 2009 - home by 1-year postfracture.8 Up to 25 percent of hip fractures occur in continuing care facilities (long-term … substantially increased for at least one year, with much of health care cost attributable to subsequent long-term … The term short and long have been replaced with acute and chronic, respectively. c. KQ2: i. … ability to participate in rehabilitation, the quality of sleep in hospital, and length of stay and/or long-term … Does functional recovery in elderly hip fracture patients differ between patients admitted from long-term

277. Treatments for Acute Pain: A Systematic Review (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/ehc-protocol-acute-pain-treatments.pdf
     August 08, 2019 - Recent data suggest an association between use of opioids for acute pain and persistent long-term use … recommendation was based on evidence showing an association between use of opioids for acute pain and long-term … Medical and psychological risks and consequences of long-term opioid therapy in women. … Characteristics of Initial prescription episodes and likelihood of long-term opioid use - United States … Bicket MC, Long JJ, Pronovost PJ, et al.

278. Diabetes Mellitus (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/diabetes-horizon-scan-high-impact-1512.pdf
     December 01, 2015 - The ITCA 650 implant is intended to be used for long-term subcutaneous delivery at a controlled rate … Most experts predicted that the initial cost of the device would likely be offset by the long-term … Some experts thought that the initial cost of the device could be offset by long-term savings from … ITCA 650 is likely to improve glycemic control because of its long duration of action. … (reportedly up to as long as 3 years).

279. CERs Report cover (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/future05-breastcancer-10-5-2010final.pdf
     September 01, 2010 - Harms - what are the long-term effects of taking raloxifene for 10 or more years? … 2) Target more aggressive types of breast cancer 1) Long-term followup a. … B3: What surveillance mechanisms and intervals optimize short and long term outcomes? C. … Cleveland RJ, Gammon MD, Long C-M, et al. … Long-term metformin use is associated with decreased risk of breast cancer.

280. DEMENTIA INCLUDING ALZHEIMER'S #04 (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/04_dementia_potential_high_impact_2012-12-10.pdf
     January 01, 2012 - ES-3 Although AD is potentially fatal, patients can live as long as 20 years after diagnosis and often … that modify the disease or better manage symptoms to keep patients as independent as possible for as long … but some experts noted that early detection might reduce costs associated with AD treatment in the long … treatment of either AD or other conditions, if this test is able to rule out AD), reduced need for long … Furthermore, experts thought that the drug’s well-known safety profile and long history of use (in