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141. Hi Les, (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/rtc-design-principles_research.pdf
     January 01, 2009 - In principle, long-term randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of test-plus- treatment strategies offer … However, long-term RCTs may not always be necessary. … Long-term RCTs will not be necessary if it is valid to use other sources of evidence to address these … However, long-term RCTs comparing test-plus-treatment strategies may not always be available, feasible … Long-term RCTs are not required if assumptions linking these intermediate outcomes to long-term patient

142. Behavioral Programs To Help Manage Type 1 Diabetes (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/diabetes-behavior-programs_consumer-2016.pdf
     January 01, 2016 - More research is needed to know if behavioral programs help in the long term. … How long would each program session be? … Having high blood sugar (a condition called “hyperglycemia”) can cause serious health issues in the long

143. Research on the Clinical Effectiveness and Long-term Outcomes of Cardiac Implants for Aortic Valve Disease | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/cardiac-implants-effectiveness/research

144. Effective Health Care (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/TND_0210_12-07-2009.pdf
     January 01, 2009 - Long-term consequences of these changes can include financial dependence, social isolation, divorce, … Forms of rehabilitation to address the long-term outcomes include physical, behavioral, speech, occupational

145. Effective Health Care (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/TND_0251_05-20-2010.pdf
     January 01, 2010 - for prevention and treatment strategies: effectiveness, benefits, and harms Setting(s): Hospital or long-term … How can we identify patients at risk for pressure ulcers in the hospital or long-term care setting

146. REQUEST FOR TASK ORDER (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/cancer-end-of-life-quality-meaures_research.pdf
     April 01, 2010 - Visits to the ED, admission to the hospital, ICU, and a long-acting opiate. … Overall, use of long acting opiates, alone or in Effective Health Care Research Report Number 21 … opiates, was low.38 While the prevalence of long-acting opiate use did increase with the predicted … Received an outpatient prescription for) both a short-acting and a long-acting opiate. … acting) Oxycodone Oxycodone (long acting) Tramadol Tramadol hcl (Long-acting) *Includes all strengths

147. Layout 1 (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cad-pci-bypass_executive.pdf
     October 01, 2007 - Adjunctive medical therapies, such as short-term intravenous or oral antiplatelet drugs, or long-term … Long-term outcomes Survival. … The long-term survival difference between PCI and CABG was significantly different in the older trials … In medium- to long-term followup, PCI-assigned patients had only modestly lower costs (roughly 5 percent … Patients aged 65 years and older had lower long-term survival compared with younger patients.

148. White Paper: Standardized Library of Lumbar Spondylolisthesis Outcome Measures (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/white-paper-lumbar-spondylolisthesis.pdf
     March 01, 2021 - recommended as a supplemental measure to support patient management and increase understanding of long-term … recommended as a supplemental measure to support patient management and increase understanding of long-term … recommended as a supplemental measure to support patient management and increase understanding of long-term … recommended as a supplemental measure to support patient management and increase understanding of long-term … recommended as a supplemental measure to support patient management and increase understanding of long-term

149. White Paper: Standardized Library of Lumbar Spondylolisthesis Outcome Measures (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/wysiwyg/white-paper-lumbar-spondylolisthesis.pdf
     March 01, 2021 - recommended as a supplemental measure to support patient management and increase understanding of long-term … recommended as a supplemental measure to support patient management and increase understanding of long-term … recommended as a supplemental measure to support patient management and increase understanding of long-term … recommended as a supplemental measure to support patient management and increase understanding of long-term … recommended as a supplemental measure to support patient management and increase understanding of long-term

150. Layout 1 (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/sleep-apnea_executive.pdf
     July 01, 2011 - One study each found no association between AHI and stroke or long-term quality of life. … However, no trial reported long-term clinical outcomes, and compliance with CPAP treatment is poor. … clinical outcomes. long-term clinical diabetes; Insufficient • There were 4 studies (3 quality A, 1 … quality B) that evaluated outcomes for other long-term all-cause mortality. … No adverse event with potentially long- term consequences was reported.

151. Untitled (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/infertility_research-protocol.pdf
     October 12, 2015 - time frames, trade-offs between short-term success and long-term 2! … KQ 6: What are the short- and long-term health outcomes of donors in infertility? a.! … Long-term !! … Short- or long-term health outcomes •! Timing : o! Short term: !! … Long-term: 10!

152. Asthma-Immunotherapy-2010 Research-Protocol (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/asthma-immunotherapy-2010_research-protocol.pdf
     January 01, 2010 - Short- and long-term efficacy and effectiveness. … Long-term effects of budesonide or nedocromil in children with asthma. … Safety of long-acting beta2-agonists in the treatment of asthma. … Long-acting beta2-agonists in asthma: not so SMART? Drug Saf 2006; 29:647-56. 15. … But as effective as they are, rescue medications don't have a long-term effect.

153. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Effectiveness of Treatment in At-Risk Preschoolers; Long-Term Effectiveness in All Ages; and Variability in Prevalence, Diagnosis, and Treatment | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/adhd/research

154. AHRQ's Evidence-based Practice Center Division Annual Report 2020: Solving the Puzzle for Evidence-Based Decision Making (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/wysiwyg/pdf/epc-year-in-review-2020.pdf
     January 01, 2020 - https://n.neurology.org/content/94/13/e1415.long https://n.neurology.org/content/94/13/e1415.long https … ://n.neurology.org/content/95/7/e930.long https://n.neurology.org/content/95/7/e930.long https://n.neurology.org … /content/95/7/e930.long https://n.neurology.org/content/95/7/e930.long https://www.sciencedirect.com/ … journalCode=lbps20 https://ebm.bmj.com/content/25/1/27.long https://ebm.bmj.com/content/25/1/27.long … https://ebm.bmj.com/content/25/1/27.long New Reports Started in 2020 Association of Women, Infants

155. Hypertension-Pulmonary-Arterial Research-Protocol (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/hypertension-pulmonary-arterial_research-protocol.pdf
     January 30, 2013 - less than 40 mmHg, while maintaining or increasing the cardiac output, which predicts a favorable long-term … been studied consistently between the medications.14 Calcium-channel blockers are associated with long-term … What is the effectiveness of monotherapy or combination therapy on intermediate-term and long-term outcomes … of the screening or diagnostic tests listed in the KQs, or original data with intermediate-term or long … Long-term response to calcium channel blockers in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension.

156. FRN 35 - Preventive Pharmacological Treatments for Migraine in Adults: Future Research Needs (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/migraine-future_research.pdf
     April 01, 2013 - The long-term efficacy of most preventive pharmacologic treatments is unknown; evidence on improving … The recent guideline report from the Canadian Headache Society addressed the question of how long to … The long-term efficacy of most preventive pharmacologic treatments is unknown. … Results valid only for populations maintaining long-term treatment regimens. … most drugs used long term for other conditions.

157. Antipsychotics for the Prevention and Treatment of Delirium: A Systematic Review (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/delirium-research-protocol.pdf
     June 01, 2018 - Delirium experienced during a hospitalization is strongly associated with new or worsening long-term … Preventive and therapeutic interventions are required to reduce the burden of delirium and associated long-term … cognitive impairment (Change in cognition after delirium that has a long-term duration or is possibly … Long-term cognitive impairment after critical illness. … Does antipsychotic drug use increase the risk of long term mortality?

158. Nonopioid Pharmacologic Treatments for Chronic Pain (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/nonopioid-pharm-chronic-pain-protocol.pdf
     February 01, 2019 - medications.4,5 However, evidence shows only modest short-term benefits.6-10 Lack of evidence on long-term … review, recognizing that by definition, chronic pain requires treatments that are effective in the long … Trends in long-term opioid therapy for chronic non-cancer pain. … The effectiveness and risks of long-term opioid therapy for chronic pain: a systematic review for a … Trends in long‐term opioid therapy for chronic non‐cancer pain.

159. Outcomes in COPD patients treated with theophylline (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/decide16final-mortality-risk-in-copd-pts-using-theophylline.pdf
     December 01, 2009 - beta-agonists (LABA) and tiotropium, there is growing literature on long-term outcomes.4-11 However … The GOLD guidelines indicate theophylline may benefit patients on long-acting bronchodilators that are … Medications were grouped by classes: anticholinergics (IPRA), inhaled corticosteroids (ICS), long-acting … None were long enough to examine mortality or to compare exacerbation rates. … However, this may not reflect long-term medication use and ultimately may not reflect the association

160. Outcomes in COPD patients treated with theophylline (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/copd-management_research.pdf
     December 01, 2009 - beta-agonists (LABA) and tiotropium, there is growing literature on long-term outcomes.4-11 However … The GOLD guidelines indicate theophylline may benefit patients on long-acting bronchodilators that are … Medications were grouped by classes: anticholinergics (IPRA), inhaled corticosteroids (ICS), long-acting … None were long enough to examine mortality or to compare exacerbation rates. … However, this may not reflect long-term medication use and ultimately may not reflect the association