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121. Vaginal Birth After Cesarean: Developing and Prioritizing a Future Research Agenda (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/cesarean-birth-future_research.pdf
     August 09, 2012 - Surveillance to determine long-term maternal and infant clinical outcomes of TOL vs. … “Clearly needed, especially long-term outcome data.” … Short- and long-term outcomes after cesarean section. … How long have you been in practice? 2. Do you do VBAC? … Surveillance to determine long term maternal and infant clinical outcomes of TOL vs.

122. Evidence-based Practice Center Systematic Review Protocol (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/diabetes-update-2015_disposition-comments.pdf
     January 01, 2015 - We have stratified conclusions on long-term vs. … Public health wise, the long-term things matter most. … Public Reviewer ACP Key Question 2 Most of the “long term” outcomes are NOT long-term. … They should be deleted from long-term outcomes. i. … The studies do not provide data on long-term outcomes.

123. Cer-250-Cannabis-Table-E5-2022-Update 0 (xls file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cer-250-cannabis-table-e5-2022-update_0.xlsx
     January 01, 2022 - frequent cannabis use (≥20 days/mo) B: No cannabis use NR Total: 208 (4 years); yearly assessments Long … cannabis B: Controls who did not receive authorization for medical cannabis A: NR B: NA 78 (20 months) Long … or weekly use of marijuana B: Monthly or 1-2 times a month use of marijuana C: No use NR 52 (1 year) Long … NA 84 (21 months) Long NR None NR NR NR NR NR A vs. … THC 12.5 +/- 1.5% titrated to a max dose of 5 g/day B: Usual care A: Median dose 2.5 g/day B: NA 52 Long

124. Elwyn_Presentation_REVISED_FINAL (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/investing_elwyn_presentation.pdf
     January 01, 2009 -  people  forecast  how  they  might  feel  about  short,  intermediate   and  long … help  them  forecast  how  they  might  feel  about  short,  intermediate  and   long …  people   forecast  how  they  might  feel  about  short,  intermediate  and  long …  people  forecast  how  they   might  feel  about  short,  intermediate  and  long

125. Disposition of Comments for Comparative Effectiveness Review No. 240: Treatments for Acute Pain: A Systematic Review (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/cer-240-acute-pain-revised-comments.pdf
     December 29, 2020 - There were few studies included for long- term opioid use, mostly because they did not include the specific … Study types that informed long-term data. … term chronic pain in patients and usually they are done for a long period of time to get the whole … These meds were around long before now and are safe and effective for most people. … Physical therapy caused more pain no matter how long I did physical therapy.

126. Layout 1 (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/type-2-diabetes-medications-update_executive.pdf
     March 01, 2011 - decreased insulin secretion by pancreatic beta cells, leading to chronic hyperglycemia and associated long-term … Long-term complications of diabetes include microvascular disease, such as retinopathy and blindness, … These mixed results suggest the need for further research, including investigation of the long-term safety … We recommend improvements in adverse event and long-term outcome reporting, with predefined outcomes … Insufficient No long-term trials assessed the comparative effects of the DPP-4 inhibitors and GLP-1

127. AHRQ Evidence-Based Practice Center (EPC) Program Research Gaps Summary: Pain Management (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/gaps-pain-management.pdf
     January 01, 2023 - Study Design • Explanatory and pragmatic trials with long-term follow up to evaluate differential … • In the long term, evidence was too limited to draw conclusions. … Interventions • Comparative effectiveness trials that evaluate intermediate and long-term treatment … • Explanatory and pragmatic trials with long-term followup to evaluate differential effectiveness … Outcomes • Long-term health outcomes (including quality of life).

128. serious-mental-illness-outcomes-140303 (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/mental-illness-outcomes_research-protocol.pdf
     March 03, 2014 - need for such a balance is crucial in serious mental illness (SMI), where adequate treatment requires long-term … disorder, and either major depression with psychotic features or treatment-resistant depression, is a long-term … and long-term … What are potential long-term (10-year) developments in this field? III. Methods 1. … Adverse effects of the use of QMs Timeframes § Short term (≤ 6 months), intermediate term, and long

129. Transparency of Reporting Requirements: Management of Infertility (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/transparency-infertility_research-protocol.pdf
     September 02, 2016 - KQ 6: What are the short- and long-term health outcomes of donors in infertility? a. … Do short- and long-term outcomes differ among different induction/retrieval protocols? … Are there long-term health, quality-of-life, or other adverse outcomes associated with donation? … ) § Cancer (all types) o Long-term outcomes (maternal) § Cancer § Subsequent fertility • Timing … male partners (single women or lesbian couples) are also a subgroup of interest, particularly for long-term

130. Effective Health Care (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/TND_0440_06-01-2011.pdf
     January 01, 2011 - comparative effectiveness of different models of survivorship care and sets of services on late and long-term … Survivorship care includes coping, surveillance, long-term follow-up, management of late effects, rehabilitation

131. Effective Health Care (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/TND_0024_06-09-2008.pdf
     January 01, 2008 - Nominator 2 (anonymous) is interested in the long-term effects of treating older patients with antipsychotics …  It will be important that the review from the EHC Program focus on key long-term, real life

132. Psychosocial and Pharmacologic Interventions for Disruptive Behavior Disorders in Children and Adolescents: Current State of the Evidence (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/disruptive-behavior-disorder_clinician.pdf
     August 01, 2016 - few studies evaluated the medications included in this review, and their results did not include long-term … may stem from many causes (e.g., trauma) that inform decisions about treatment and therapy. �� The long-term … effectiveness and potential long-term harms of psychosocial interventions are unclear. �� Although … The long-term effectiveness of these interventions, particularly once the medications have been discontinued … What To Discuss With Parents and Caregivers of Children with DBDs �� What DBDs are �� The potential long-term

133. Treatment for Restless Legs Syndrome Disposition of Comments Report (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/restless-legs_disposition-comments.pdf
     November 27, 2012 - Peer Reviewer #1 Introduction There is no discussion of impulse control disorders as long term risks … On page 27, the authors say augmentation can occur with long term treatment of drug. … On the contrary, refs 41-53 all provide long-term data. … We understand the importance of conducting long-term trials of sufficient length to capture important … We defined short term studies a priori and continue to believe that adequately assessing the long-term

134. AHRQ's Evidence-based Practice Center Division Annual Report 2019: Solving the Puzzle for Evidence-Based Decision Making (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/wysiwyg/pdf/epc-year-in-review-2019.pdf
     January 01, 2019 - of Delirium Comparative Effectiveness of Analgesics To Reduce Acute Pain in the Prehospital Setting Long-Term … User Study Comparative Effectiveness of Analgesics to Reduce Acute Pain in the Prehospital Setting Long-Term … www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10903127.2019.1657213 https://annals.org/aim/fullarticle/2731605/long-term-drug-therapy-drug-discontinuations-holidays-osteoporosis-fracture-prevention

135. App-D-Opioid-Chronic-Pain-Surveillance-Report-3 (xls file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/app-d-opioid-chronic-pain-surveillance-report-3.xlsx
     September 30, 2015 - Duration: 18 months Inclusion: Current long term opioid therapy (dispensed within the prior 30 days … Duration: mean NR, all patients identified as long-term opioid users had ≥90 days Inclusion: Patients … ≥65 years on long-term opioid therapy ≥ with new long-term opioid therapy use episode, continuously … , short-acting, and short- and long-acting opioids, Daily MME categorized as <20, 20-50, and ≥120 mg … Mean age: 77 years Race/ethnicity White: 83% Black: 10% Other: 6% Female: 83% Long-term opioid therapy

136. First- and Second-Generation Antipsychotics in Children and Young Adults: Systematic Review Update--Executive Summary (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/antipsychotics-children-update_executive.pdf
     January 01, 2018 - • More research is needed comparing the effects of different antipsychotics over the long-term … We accounted for duration of response, that is, short- (< 6 months) and long-term (≥ 6 months - < 12 … duration) and 16 reported on general AEs (2 long-term). … SGAs Versus SGAs: Comparison of Different Drugs Sixteen (5 long-term) and 37 (13 long-term) studies … Our confidence in the findings from studies reporting most long-term data was poor.

137. Rapid Evidence Product_Assisted Home Dialysis in the United States: New Interest in an Old Idea (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/home-dialysis-ESKD-rapid-research.pdf
     April 01, 2025 - Typology of staff-assisted home dialysis: long-term or temporary............................ 5 Figure … This form of 5 assisted home dialysis can be paid or unpaid, temporary or long-term, and can … Typology of staff-assisted home dialysis: long-term or temporary Background and Context Back … Of 64 patients who used the staff-assisted PD program during the pilot year, 53 used it long-term and … Evaluation of a 12-Month Pilot of Long-Term and Temporary Assisted Peritoneal Dialysis.

138. Evidence-based Practice Center Systematic Review Protocol (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/asthma-treatment_research-protocol.pdf
     February 10, 2010 - education, controlling environmental and comorbid conditions, and adequate pharmacologic therapy (i.e., long-term … parents of children with asthma have concerns about regular use of medication, including fears of long-term … control medications (e.g., inhaled corticosteroids, long- acting immunomodulators, cromolyn sodium and … nedocromil, methylxanthines, leukotriene modifiers, and long-acting β2- agonists) Intermediate … control medications (e.g., inhaled corticosteroids, long-acting immunomodulators)  Pulmonary function

139. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Effectiveness of Treatment in At-risk Preschoolers; Long-term Effectiveness in All Ages; and Variability in Prevalence, Diagnosis, and Treatment | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/adhd/research-protocol

140. Phenylketonuria Executive (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/phenylketonuria_executive.pdf
     February 01, 2012 - This relationship lends support to the principle that cognitive effects accumulate over a long time … These include a long-term study of the effect of BH4 on neurocognitive function in young children, … This relationship supports the principle that cognitive effects accumulate over a long time period, … Effects of dietary management of phenylketonuria on long-term cognitive outcome. … Long-term follow- up of patients with phenylketonuria receiving tetrahydrobiopterin treatment.