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41. Archived: Final Evidence Summary: Sexually Transmitted Infections: Behavioral Counseling | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary44/sexually-transmitted-infections-behavioral-counseling-2008
    October 15, 2008 - Data Synthesis : Most evidence suggests a modest reduction in STIs at 12 months among high-risk adults … increase in the United States, with the exception of HIV, which has remained relatively stable over the last … at 12 months. … group session ± HIV testing CG: wait-list control 6 mo: 88 At 6 mo, patients with UVI/UAI with last … sex partner: IG1: 68% IG2: 63% CG: 61% P > 0.15 At 6 mo, mean number of sex partners in last mo

42. Final Evidence Summary: Unhealthy Drug Use: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary/drug-use-illicit-screening
    June 09, 2020 - to 15%]) and reduced number of drug use days (19 trials, n = 5085; mean difference, –0.49 day in the last … Results were analyzed separately for outcomes assessed at 3 or 4 months and at 6 to 12 months. … Attrition at 3 to 4 months ranged from 2% to 67% and at 6 to 12 months from 2% to 46%. … (6 months in 4 trials and 3, 4, or 12 months in 1 trial each). … Treatment duration was 6 months in 10 trials and 2, 3, or 9 months in the other 3 trials.

43. Archived: Chlamydial Infection: Screening, 2001 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/chlamydial-infection-screening-2001
    January 01, 2001 - Re-screening at 6 to 12 months may be appropriate for previously infected women because of high rates … Significant declines in prevalence have been noted over the last 10 years in areas where screening programs … following criteria: inconsistent use of a barrier contraceptive or more than one sexual partner during the last … 3 months, women older than age 24 who meet both criteria of inconsistent use of a barrier contraceptive … and more than one sexual partner during the past 3 months.

44. Archived: Evidence Summary: Healthful Diet and Physical Activity for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Adults With Cardiovascular Risk Factors: Behavioral Counseling | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary2/healthy-diet-and-physical-activity-counseling-adults-with-high-risk-of-cvd-august-2014
    August 26, 2014 - , intermediate term was 12 to 24 months, and long term was greater than 24 months). … (IQR, 4 to 11 months). … (IQR, 8 to 18 months). … seem to last at longer-term follow-up. … (median, 12 months duration [IQR, 6 to 12 months]).

45. Archived: Tobacco Smoking Cessation in Adults, Including Pregnant Women: Behavioral and Pharmacotherapy Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/tobacco-use-in-adults-and-pregnant-women-counseling-and-interventions-september-2015
    September 21, 2015 - showed that 55% of women quit smoking during pregnancy, roughly 10% of pregnant women smoked during the last … 3 months of pregnancy, and 40% of women relapsed within 6 months of delivery. 19 Smoking during pregnancy … Smoking-cessation outcomes had to be reported at 6 months or later to be included; findings on smoking … All single forms of NRT significantly improved cessation rates at 6 months or more (gum: RR, 1.49 [CI … Another good-quality systematic review 29 found that abstinence rates at 6 months or more were higher

46. Recommendation: Breastfeeding: Primary Care Behavioral Counseling Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/breastfeeding-primary-care-interventions
    April 11, 2025 - Currently in the US, 27.2% of infants at 6 months of age are exclusively breastfed. … However, breastfeeding rates in the US are relatively modest; as of 2021, 59.8% of infants at age 6 months … 2030 has set a goal to increase the proportion of infants who are breastfed exclusively through age 6 months … 51.7% of Black infants, 56.1% of Hispanic infants, and 63.4% of White infants being breastfed at 6 months … , 3 months to <6 months, and 6 months) varied from 27 to 51 trials (N analyzed, 10,622 to 17,580). 29

47. Archived: Final Evidence Summary: Obesity in Adults: Screening and Management | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary38/obesity-in-adults-screening-and-management-2012
    October 15, 2011 - ) or long-term (>18 months) weight loss, or caused harm. … used baseline-observation-carried-forward 33 , 37 , 38 , 42 , 52 , multiple imputation 35 , 56 , last-observation-carried-forward … Over 70% of orlistat trials 65–67 , 70–73 , 77–82 and 33% of metformin trials 22 used last-observation-carried-forward … Weight loss was maintained with up to 24 to 36 months of orlistat therapy 78 , 79 . … intention-to-treat; LIHEF = Lifestyle Intervention against Hypertension in Eastern Finland; LOCF = last-observation-carried-forward

48. Primary Care Interventions to Support Breastfeeding: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/kHDoNjsfLx9SyKGD5n2ufL
    January 01, 2020 - The last sur- veillance was conducted on January 26, 2016, and identified no new studies. … (2 through 11 weeks), 3 to less than 6 months (12 through 23 weeks), 6 months (24 through 26 weeks), … and 12 months (52 weeks). … and at 3 to less than 6 months and for exclusive (but not any) breast- feeding at 6 months in pooled … and P = .02 for 6 months).

49. Evidence Summary: Tobacco Smoking Cessation in Adults, Including Pregnant Persons: Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary/tobacco-use-in-adults-and-pregnant-women-counseling-and-interventions
    January 19, 2021 - Main Outcomes and Measures: Health outcomes, tobacco cessation at 6 months or more, and adverse events … 3.96; 2 trials) at 12 to 17 months. 54 Harms of Interventions Key Question 3. … evidence on specific population and intervention subsets that has been published after each review’s last … Characteristics of Included Systematic Reviews by Review Focus, Intervention, and Last Search Date … Source Primary review a Quality b Specific intervention or subgroup Last search

50. Archived: Evidence Summary: Obesity in Children and Adolescents: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/obesity-in-children-and-adolescents-screening-june-2017
    June 20, 2017 - The last surveillance was conducted on December 5, 2016, and identified no relevant new studies. … Outcomes other than harms had to be reported at a minimum of 6 months after randomization; 12 months … The closest follow-up to 12 months was used (range, 6-24 months). … after the last treatment session, and all 5 demonstrated a statistically significant benefit of treatment … in 2 trials, with estimated contact hours of 6 (over 24 months) 59 and 78 (over 12 months). 45 In

51. Screening and Interventions for Overweight in Children and Adolescents: Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/J-vUTejXWsdp_d86zK4Gth
    July 01, 2005 - Twelve to 24 months after intensive treatment, these studies have shown 7% to 26% decreases in the … At 7 months’ follow-up, those in the intervention group reported no more physical activity (kcal/kg/ … Open-label medication that continued for 6 months resulted in weight maintenance in the intervention … control group, such that both groups had similar reductions (6.4% to 8.6%) from initial BMI at 12 months … hospital costs for overweight-related disorders in children and adolescents have more than tripled in the last

52. Vision Screening in Children Aged 6Months to 5 Years: Evidence Report and Systematic Review (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/Jwn6dWRHvK3C9oJCV6hLKc
    September 05, 2017 - JAMA | US Preventive Services Task Force | EVIDENCE REPORT Vision Screening in Children Aged 6 Months … The last surveillance was conducted on June 7, 2017. … In addition, the method of randomization in the (self-described) RCT was inadequate (based on last … to younger than 30 months and steadily improved to 80% by ages 36 months to younger than 42 months … and to 95% by ages 48 months to younger than 54 months.71 For autorefractors and photoscreeners,

53. Archived: Final Research Plan: Sexually Transmitted Infections: Behavioral Counseling | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan34/sexually-transmitted-infections-behavioral-counseling-september-2014
    May 15, 2013 - A bridge search will be performed starting from 1 year before the end of the last USPSTF review (i.e. … comparative effectiveness trials without a control group Timing of outcome assessment ≥3 months … postbaseline <3 months postbaseline Publication date (not search date) Published

54. Microsoft Word - SeekParentQuest-3-03.doc (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/LzKw62FEqVsQS_aG4a3_cj
    □ Yes □ No In the last year, did you worry that your food would run out before you got

55. Primary Care Behavioral Counseling Interventions to Support Breastfeeding: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/r77BgfGVeBPRDME-DpBvFk
    April 08, 2025 - However, breastfeeding rates in the US are relatively modest; as of 2021, 59.8% of infants at age 6 months … has set a goal to in- crease the proportion of infants who are breastfed exclusively through age 6 months … However, breastfeeding rates in the US are relatively modest; as of 2021, 59.8% of infants at age 6 months … , 3 months to <6 months, and 6 months) varied from 27 to 51 trials (N analyzed, 10 622 to 17 580).29,30 … Based on pooled analyses evalu- ating follow-up up to 6 months, there was a statistically significant

56. Screening for Unhealthy Drug Use: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/R3y9LSud52CGL8mG4wvxoT
    June 09, 2020 - to 15%]) and reduced number of drug use days (19 trials, n = 5085; mean difference, –0.49 day in the last … Re- sults were analyzed separately for outcomes assessed at 3 or 4 months and at 6 to 12 months. … Attrition at 3 to 4 months ranged from 2% to 67% and at 6 to 12 months from 2% to 46%. … (6 months in 4 trials and 3, 4, or 12 months in 1 trial each). … Treatment duration was 6 months in 10 trials and 2, 3, or 9 months in the other 3 trials.

57. Archived: Evidence Summary: Depression: Screening 2002 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/depression-screening-2002
    May 07, 2002 - rates from community-based surveys range from 1.8 percent to 3.3 percent for depression within the last … At three months, the research team observed no clinically or statistically significant differences in … At 6 months of followup, mean General Health Questionnaire scores did not differ between groups. … The investigators enrolled 1,356 patients and followed them for 12 months. … At 12 months, the proportion of patients receiving appropriate treatment (defined as any appropriate

58. Evidence Summary: Sexually Transmitted Infections: Behavioral Counseling | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary/sexually-transmitted-infections-behavioral-counseling
    August 18, 2020 - The last surveillance on May 22, 2020, identified no new studies. … to 12 months were included in the meta-analysis. … any of the following in order of preference: consistent condom use (variably defined), condom use at last … Follow-up time in the studies reporting behavioral outcomes ranged from 3 to 14 months (mode, 12 months … significant differences at 6 months that were no longer observed at 12 months.

59. Archived: Depression in Children and Adolescents: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/depression-in-children-and-adolescents-screening
    February 08, 2016 - sadness and other symptoms of depression, those with MDD have 1 or more major depressive episodes that last … symptoms may present as periods of disruptive mood and irritability rather than as a sad mood and may last … for weeks, months, or even years. … (OR, 3.3 [CI, 1.4 to 8.2]) and 6 months (not significant), and higher likelihood of remission at 6 months … (OR, 5.2 [CI, 1.6 to 17.3]) and 12 months (OR, 3.9 [CI, 1.5 to 10.6]).

60. JAMA JATS (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/UA7cEG8wH4xh8-fr7Lfw9q
    September 18, 2018 - sessions in the first year.1 One-third of the in- terventions had a “core” phase (ranging from 3-12 months … Few inter- ventions included a primary care clinician as the primary inter- ventionist over 3 to 12 months … Group-based interven- tions ranged from 8 group sessions over 2.5 months to weekly group sessions over … Most weight loss mainte- nance interventions lasted for 12 to 18 months; the majority of interventions … At 12 to 18 months, pooled results showed greater weight loss among intervention participants (−2.39