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21. Behavioral Counseling in Primary Care to Promote a Healthy Diet - Recommendations and Rationale (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/tdMpbcxNJQ-7Tr-KV8jF3f
    January 01, 2010 - limited use of measures corroborating reported changes in diet, limited follow-up data beyond 6 to 12 months … Trials had to include follow-up of at least 3 months after intervention for at least 50% of the enrolled … Most studies followed patients for 6 months or less post-intervention; 4 followed patients for as long … as 12 months.9,13,32,36 Only 2 of them assessed impacts on intermediate biological endpoints (eg, serum … Follow-up in most studies (n=6) was 12 months or longer, some as long as 4 to 6 years.21-24,28-30 Six

22. Archived: Evidence Summary: Obesity in Children and Adolescents: Screening, July 2005 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/obesity-in-children-and-adolescents-screening-2005
    July 12, 2005 - index (BMI) > 95 th percentile for age and sex) 5 , 6 aged 2 and older has at least doubled in the last … children appear to have “obesity susceptibility genes” that environmental changes have acted upon in the last … With continued use, weight loss at six months was maintained through 12 months. … Overweight has at least doubled in children and adolescents in the US over the last … Arrows indicate the mean change in BMI at study follow-up six months or later.

23. Interventions for Tobacco Cessation in Adults, Including Pregnant Persons: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the USPSTF (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/eSLqaKpvzhYRbQVeumNgSQ
    January 19, 2021 - Characteristics of Included Systematic Reviews by Review Focus, Intervention, and Last Search Date Source … Primary reviewa Qualityb Specific intervention or subgroup Last search date Total No. of included … ) Source Primary reviewa Qualityb Specific intervention or subgroup Last search date Total No. of … ) Source Primary reviewa Qualityb Specific intervention or subgroup Last search date Total No. of … evidence on specific population and intervention subsets that has been published after each review’s last

24. Archived: Evidence Summary: Physical Activity: Behavior Counseling in Primary Care, July 2002 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/physical-activity-behavioral-counseling-primary-care-2002
    July 01, 2002 - tobacco-cessation interventions. 10 We limited the review to trials that had been published since the last … Fair quality. followup: intervention, 65% at 4 months, 54% at 1 year; control, 74% at 4 months, 62% at … Good quality Followup: 91% at 24 months, 78% completed fitness test (VO 2 max) at 24 months Met all criteria … Fair to poor rates of followup assessments (70% at 1 month, 57% at 6 months, 56% at 12 months). … Achieved poor rates of followup assessments (44% at 4 months and 50% at 12 months).

25. Evidence Summary: Breastfeeding: Primary Care Behavioral Counseling Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/breastfeeding-primary-care-interventions
    April 11, 2025 - The last surveillance on January 24, 2025, identified no new studies. … , 3 months to less than 6 months, 6 months, and 12 months. … , 3 months to less than 6 months, and 6 months ( Table 1 ). … Last, research is lacking on the impact that interventions may have on the mental health and well-being … Starting early program impacts on feeding at infant 10 months age: a randomized controlled trial.

26. Archived: Breastfeeding: Counseling, July 2003 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/breastfeeding-counseling-2003
    July 01, 2003 - In pooled analysis, education did not significantly increase breastfeeding duration at 4 to 6 months … ; and 8 percent (95% CI, 2-16) for the continuation of breastfeeding for 4 to 6 months. … (36%; 95% CI, 22-49), and its duration for 4 to 6 months (13%; 95% CI, 1-25). … Exclusive breast-feeding for at least 4 months protects against otitis media. … Relation between infant feeding and infections during the first six months of life.

27. Pgytn Cwqnmar9-3Du5Ste (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/PGYTn_cWQnmAr9-3du5StE
    February 01, 2016 - Results did not differ by time since the last screening. … Each study- eligible mammogram required at least 1 examination within the previous 30 months. … row estimates of 1 versus 2 years (9 to 18 vs. 19 to 30 months and 11 to 14 vs. 23 to 26 months). … to 26 months) (Appendix Table 2, available at www.annals.org). … - mogram 23 to 26 months previously compared with 11 to 14 months previously (18.8 vs. 15.2 per 1000

28. Screening and Interventions for Childhood Overweight: A Systematic Review (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/6desD2XJCQKF8ZDPMS-NU_
    July 01, 2005 - mass index (BMI) > 95th percentile for age and sex)5,6 aged 2 and older has at least doubled in the last … children appear to have “obesity susceptibility genes” that environmental changes have acted upon in the last … 24 months 6 months 6 months 12 months 24 months 12 months 12 months 24 months change in BMI … 26 - 30 months 12 months 6 months 24 months % overweight change % overweight change change … 12 months 36 months 8 months 15 months % overweight change % overweight change change in %

29. Archived: Evidence Summary: Folic Acid for the Prevention of Neural Tube Defects: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/folic-acid-for-the-prevention-of-neural-tube-defects-preventive-medication-january-2017
    January 10, 2017 - The last surveillance was conducted on November 11, 2016. … before pregnancy through the last month of pregnancy, resulting in a maximum recall period of 3 years … of delivery going back to 6 months before pregnancy. … obesity, and previous stillbirth or miscarriage Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; LMP, last … by the last date of exposure (from oldest to newest).

30. Archived: Healthy Diet: Behavioral Counseling in Primary Care, January 2003 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/diet-behavioral-counseling-primary-care-adults-2003
    June 15, 2003 - limited use of measures corroborating reported changes in diet, limited followup data beyond 6 to 12 months … Trials had to include followup of at least 3 months after intervention for at least 50 percent of the … Most studies followed patients for 6 months or less post-intervention; four followed patients for as … long as 12 months.[[11.15.34.38]] Only two of them assessed impacts on intermediate biological endpoints … Followup in most studies (n=6) was 12 months or longer, some as long as 4 to 6 years. 23-26 , 30-32

31. Draft Recommendation: Breastfeeding: Primary Care Behavioral Counseling Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/draft-recommendation/breastfeeding-interventions
    October 22, 2024 - , 2 However, breastfeeding rates in the United States are relatively modest; 59.8% of infants at 6 months … achieved. 1 , 3 , 4 Disparities are present by race, with 51.7% of Black infants being breastfed at 6 months … breastfeeding or introducing breast milk, at or within 1 week after birth), duration (the number of months … , 3 to 6 months, and 6 months) varied from 27 to 51 trials (N analyzed=10,622 to 17,580). 1 Based on … pooled analyses evaluating followup up to 6 months, there was a statistically significant increased

32. Recommendation: Weight Loss to Prevent Obesity-Related Morbidity and Mortality in Adults: Behavioral Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/obesity-in-adults-interventions
    September 18, 2018 - sessions in the first year. 1 One-third of the interventions had a “core” phase (ranging from 3-12 months … 1 Few interventions included a primary care clinician as the primary interventionist over 3 to 12 months … Group-based interventions ranged from 8 group sessions over 2.5 months to weekly group sessions over … Most weight loss maintenance interventions lasted for 12 to 18 months; the majority of interventions … At 12 to 18 months, pooled results showed greater weight loss among intervention participants (−2.39

33. Recommendation: Vision in Children Ages 6 Months to 5 Years: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/vision-in-children-ages-6-months-to-5-years-screening
    September 05, 2017 - Print Final Recommendation Statement Vision in Children Ages 6 Months … Update in Progress for Vision in Children Ages 6 Months to 5 Years: Screening … The age of study participants ranged from 6 months to 6 years. … ) vs 1-time screening at age 37 months. 1 , 35 Periodic screening (including clinical examination, a … Last, some comments requested information about the effects of screening on learning and quality of life

34. Interventions to Support Breastfeeding: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/SJbAXUAQTv2GWemMuBab6W
    April 08, 2025 - There was no relationship between interventions and breastfeeding initiation or breastfeeding at 12 months … The last surveillance on January 24, 2025, identified no new studies. … , 3 months to less than 6 months, 6 months, and 12 months. … , 3 months to less than 6 months, and 6 months (Table 1). … Last, research is lacking on the impact that interventions may have on the mental health and well-being

35. Behavioral Interventions to Promote Breastfeeding - Recommendations and Rationale (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/rdNAq7uEUC2tNYV6_L9Qte
    January 01, 2010 - , although effects beyond 3 months are uncertain. … ; and 8% (95% CI, 2–16) for the continuation of breastfeeding for 4 to 6 months. … (36%; 95% CI, 22–49), and its duration for 4 to 6 months (13%; 95% CI, 1–25). … Exclusive breast- feeding for at least 4 months protects against otitis media. … Relation between infant feeding and infections during the first six months of life.

36. Final Research Plan: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-screening
    October 08, 2020 - KQs 1, 2: All-cause mortality, disease-specific mortality, and COPD-related morbidity; HRQoL at ≥6 months … Last, the USPSTF added lung cancer screening to smoking cessation and recommended immunizations as a

37. Archived: Final Evidence Review: Gonorrhea: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-review40/gonorrhea-screening-2005
    May 15, 2005 - in past 6 months. … , and more likely to report use of condom at last intercourse. … Number of sex partners in last 6 months was not associated with infections; however, majority of women … Mutual monogamy was significantly associated with decreased infection at 6-12 months and 0-12 months. … but not at 6-12 months.

38. Archived: Final Evidence Summary: Obesity in Children and Adolescents: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary39/obesity-in-children-and-adolescents-screening-2010
    January 15, 2010 - recommendation, focusing on the critical evidence gap concerning treatment efficacy at the time of the last … treatment alone for 3 months. … e Calculated on the basis of differences reported baseline to 3 months and 3 to 6 months. … The fourth and last category of trials offered focused (non-comprehensive) behavioral interventions. … The fourth and last trial, Flodmark 1993, offered focused (non-comprehensive) behavioral interventions

39. Archived: Evidence Summary: Breastfeeding: Primary Care Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/breastfeeding-primary-care-interventions-october-2016
    October 25, 2016 - The last surveillance was conducted on January 26, 2016, and identified no new studies. … (2 through 11 weeks), 3 to less than 6 months (12 through 23 weeks), 6 months (24 through 26 weeks), … and 12 months (52 weeks). … The funnel plots for exclusive breastfeeding at less than 3 months and at 6 months revealed asymmetric … and P = 0.02 for 6 months).

40. Behavioral Counseling to Prevent Sexually Transmitted Infections: A Systematic Review (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/HQGXw2wkcM7q6TA5eWzdT5
    January 01, 2010 - increase in the United States, with the exception of HIV, which has remained relatively stable over the last … at 12 months. … , but not at 9 months, in adolescents age 12 to 15 years (21). … ; 1 group session 6 HIV testing CG: wait-list control 6 mo: 88 At 6 mo, patients with UVI/UAI with last … sex partner: IG1: 68% IG2: 63% CG: 61% P . 0.15 At 6 mo, mean number of sex partners in last mo: IG1