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221. Update on the Methods of the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force: Estimating Certainty and Magnitude of Net Benefit (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/4y3P9DxovKMEjNmVd2mrPp
     December 01, 2007 - For screening topics, this standard could be met by a large randomized, controlled trial (RCT) in a represen … How large are the studies? (i.e., what is the precision of the evidence?) 5. … becomes available, the magnitude or direction of the observed effect could change, and this change may be large

222. Recommendation: Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Pregnant Women: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/hepatitis-b-virus-infection-in-pregnant-women-screening
     July 23, 2019 - rate had decreased to 0.8% ( P = .001). 1 , 27 The second observational study was conducted in a large

223. Screening for HIV Infection in Asymptomatic, Nonpregnant Adolescents and Adults: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the USPSTF (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/q_zxLD9JZFGoSPCrEHNk2g
     June 11, 2019 - 0.44 [95% CI, 0.31-0.63] and RR, 0.57 [95% CI, 0.35-0.95]); results were consistent with those from a large … HIV Prevention Trials Net- work [HPTN] 052 study [n = 1701]),11,12 2 new RCTs (n = 6529),13-15 and 3 large … 63 478 participants (Table 2; eTables 9-10 in the Supplement).18-21 Two ar- ticles were based on the large … 95% CI, −0.26% to 0.27%]).38 This conflicts with longer- term (median, 7.0 years) follow-up from the large … Antiretrovirals, fractures, and osteonecrosis in a large international HIV cohort.

224. Chemo and Couns/2nd instal (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/-hnLT26c2NHs6thK9yznPF
     July 01, 2002 - between groups in nonvertebral fractures.29 Harms of Chemoprevention Only the BCPT and MORE studies were large … Three separate lines of evidence lead us to this statement: (1) the large magnitude of effect of tamoxifen … in the BCPT, (2) the large magnitude of effect of raloxifene in the MORE trial, and (3) the significant … raloxifene, the primary concern with a conclusion of effectiveness is the fact that only 1 RCT, albeit large … Appendix: Methods Chemoprevention of Breast Cancer 49 No clinical trial has been large or long enough

225. Archived: Evidence Summary: Breast Cancer: Medications for Risk Reduction | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/breast-cancer-medications-for-risk-reduction-2002
     May 06, 2002 - by applying a multivariate logistic regression model developed by Gail et al (24) from data from a large … groups in nonvertebral fractures. 29 Harms of Chemoprevention Only the BCPT and MORE studies were large … Three separate lines of evidence lead us to this statement: 1) the large magnitude of effect of tamoxifen … in the BCPT, 2) the large magnitude of effect of raloxifene in the MORE trial, and 3) the significant … No clinical trial has been large or long enough to examine the impact of chemoprevention on mortality

226. Update on the Methods of the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force: Estimating Certainty and Magnitude of Net Benefit (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/sites/default/files/inline-files/benefit.pdf
     December 01, 2007 - For screening topics, this standard could be met by a large randomized, controlled trial (RCT) in a represen … How large are the studies? (i.e., what is the precision of the evidence?) 5. … becomes available, the magnitude or direction of the observed effect could change, and this change may be large

227. Final Research Plan: Colorectal Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/colorectal-cancer-screening
     May 16, 2019 - and screening registry studies KQ 3: Randomized, controlled trials; controlled clinical trials; large

228. Draft Research Plan: Healthy Diet, Physical Activity, and/or Weight Loss to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease in Adults: Behavioral Counseling Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/draft-research-plan/behavioral-counseling-interventions-promote-healthy-diet-physical-activity-weight-loss-prevent-cardiovascular-disease-adults
     May 18, 2023 - pharmacotherapy) Study design All KQs: Randomized clinical trials KQ 3 (harms of pharmacotherapy): Large

229. Screening for Prostate Cancer: USPSTF Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/vCzPVrVJfgFWfpWRdEHMKQ
     July 01, 2012 - The number of cancer cases that could be detected in a screened population is large; a single study in … A large majority of the men who are being treated would do well without treatment. … Two large randomized, controlled trials of 5�- reductase inhibitors (finasteride and dutasteride) have … After the pub- lication of initial mortality results from 2 large random- ized, controlled trials of … The effect of study arm on prostate cancer treatment in the large screening trial ERSPC.

230. Archived: Evidence Summary: Depression: Screening 2002 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/depression-screening-2002
     May 07, 2002 - detected heterogeneity in the results for the outcome of reduction in relative risk ( P = 0.052), in large … The effect on the proportion of patients receiving treatment was mixed: Some studies showed large increases … Heterogeneity in trial results was noted on statistical testing, in large part because of the large positive … not increase recognition, treatment, or outcomes of depression, but their failure to include several large

231. Screening for Visual Impairment in Children Ages 1–5 Years: Update for the USPSTF (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/r_MgZHrtyHRn7rZoCPS6MT
     February 01, 2011 - One large (n � 3490), fair-quality randomized trial nested within a population-based co- hort study ( … A large (n� 6081), fair-quality (high- loss-to-follow-up) prospective co- hort study from the ALSPAC … One large, fair-quality randomized trial nested within a population-based cohort study found intensive … A large prospective cohort study from this population found 1-time orthoptist screening at 37 mo of age … One large study of statewide screening with the MTI photoscreener found that testability was 94% at 1

232. Procedure Manual Appendix XII. Summary of Evidence Table for Evidence Reviews | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/about-uspstf/methods-and-processes/procedure-manual/procedure-manual-appendix-xii-summary-evidence-table-evidence-reviews
     July 01, 2017 - There may be a requirement for a third-order stratification, most likely for large bodies of evidence

233. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Highlights High-Priority Evidence Gaps in 2022 Report to Congress (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/sites/default/files/file/supporting_documents/Report-to-Congress-2022-bulletin.pdf
     January 01, 2022 - U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Highlights High-Priority Evidence Gaps in 2022 Report to Congress www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org 1 U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Highlights High-Priority Evidence Gaps in 2022 Report to Congress Task Force calls for more research to improve healthy behavio…

234. Archived: Final Evidence Summary: Coronary Heart Disease: Screening Using Non-Traditional Risk Factors | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary16/coronary-heart-disease-screening-using-non-traditional-risk-factors-2009
     October 15, 2009 - However, a marker that has a small effect on discrimination may have a large effect on the reclassification … widely available, but estimation of carotid IMT is performed in specialized centers Reliability in large … The ABI is an indicator of peripheral arterial disease—atherosclerotic disease that involves the large … 35]] proposed standards for conducting examinations and reference values for U.S. adults based on 2 large … Coronary artery calcium score and coronary heart disease events in a large cohort of asymptomatic men

235. Draft Recommendation: Cervical Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/draft-recommendation/cervical-cancer-screening-adults-adolescents
     December 10, 2024 - Although a large proportion of HPV infections resolve spontaneously, the high likelihood of exposure … Screening more frequently than every 3 years with cytology alone confers little additional benefit, with a large … In one large U.S. study, approximately two-thirds of women ages 64 to 66 years failed to qualify for … performed within 3 to 5 years. 15-17 Women Who Have Had a Hysterectomy With Removal of the Cervix Two large

236. Archived: Hepatitis B Virus Infection: Screening, 2014 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/hepatitis-b-virus-infection-screening-nonpregnant-adolescents-adults-may-2014
     June 18, 2014 - For example, screening is probably appropriate in settings that treat a large proportion of persons at … The largest trial, the CALM (Cirrhosis Asian Lamivudine Multicentre) study, had a large effect on the

237. Screening for Carotid Artery Stenosis: Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/6XMRch-R3m4UMVoBMcv43f
     December 01, 2007 - with medical management had 30-day perioperative rates of stroke and death of 2.7% to 3.1%, and some large … becomes available, the magnitude or direction of the observed effect could change, and this change may be large

238. 8Crjsjsjujfehbpdnupysb (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/8cRJsjSJUjfEhBpDNuPysb
     December 01, 2014 - adequate evidence that screening for gonorrhea results in a moderate magnitude of benefit based on the large … patients presenting for general medical or gynecologic examinations from 2000 to 2003 found that a large … In 1 large RCT, a strategy of identifying, testing, and treating women at in- creased risk for cervical … The USPSTF reviewed large cohort studies of screening at the first prenatal visit in pregnant women at … becomes available, the magnitude or direction of the observed effect could change, and this change may be large

239. Szn5Hhs8W5Sar6Bbpabsab (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/sZN5HHS8w5Sar6bBPabsaB
     June 01, 2008 - The Heart Protection Study (57) was a large, good- quality RCT examining the efficacy of an HMG-CoA re … The Women’s Health Study (60), a large, good-quality trial, showed that aspirin reduced the inci- dence … Fourth, most of the data on dia- betes treatment were from prespecified subgroup analyses of large trials … Rationale, design and recruitment characteristics of a large, simple international trial of diabetes … Principles for enhanced recruitment of subjects in a large clinical trial. the XENDOS (XENical in the

240. Archived: Final Evidence Summary: Diabetes Mellitus (Type 2) in Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary23/diabetes-mellitus-type-2-in-adults-screening-2008
     June 15, 2008 - The Women's Health Study 60 , a large, good-quality trial, showed that aspirin reduced the incidence … Eddy and colleagues 87 , 88 examined the DPP interventions and also predicted large absolute reductions … Fourth, most of the data on diabetes treatment were from prespecified subgroup analyses of large trials … Rationale, design and recruitment characteristics of a large, simple international trial of diabetes … Principles for enhanced recruitment of subjects in a large clinical trial. the XENDOS (Xenical in the