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21. Clinical Summary: Vitamin D, Calcium, or Combined Supplementation for the Primary Prevention of Fractures in Community-Dwelling Adults (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/dkrTtgpcUKSk7ZxCxL4mcz
    that benefit w ill need to be w eighed against the magnitude of harms caused by supplementation (kidney

22. Archived: Final Research Plan: Abnormal Blood Glucose and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan16/screening-for-abnormal-blood-glucose-and-type-2-diabetes-october-2015
    August 15, 2013 - cardiovascular morbidity (including myocardial infarction, stroke, and congestive heart failure), chronic kidney … cardiovascular morbidity (including myocardial infarction, stroke, congestive heart failure), chronic kidney

23. Recommendation: Aspirin Use to Prevent Preeclampsia and Related Morbidity and Mortality: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/low-dose-aspirin-use-for-the-prevention-of-morbidity-and-mortality-from-preeclampsia-preventive-medication
    September 28, 2021 - include multifetal gestation, conception using assisted reproductive technology, autoimmune disease, and kidney … is diagnosed as hypertension with any of the following: thrombocytopenia, impaired liver function, kidney … nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs around 20 weeks of gestation or later may cause rare but serious kidney … based on the presence of 1 or more high-risk factors (history of preeclampsia, multifetal gestation, kidney … adverse outcome Multifetal gestation Chronic hypertension Pregestational type 1 or 2 diabetes Kidney

24. Archived: Obesity in Adults: Screening and Management | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/obesity-in-adults-screening-and-management-2012
    June 15, 2012 - adults include ischemic heart disease, diabetes, respiratory diseases, and cancer (for example, liver, kidney … obese adults include ischemic heart disease, diabetes, certain types of cancer (for example, liver, kidney … disease and a lack of long-term safety data. 9 Orlistat has recently been associated with possible kidney … Orlistat and acute kidney injury: an analysis of 953 patients [Letter].

25. Summary of USPSTF Draft Recommendation: Vitamin D, Calcium, or Combined Supplementation for the Primary Prevention of Falls and Fractures in Community Dwelling Adults (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/_GZ-JwUgQJykdbvhgpTNph
    January 21, 2025 - found evidence that taking vitamin D and calcium supplements increases the likelihood of developing kidney

26. Final Research Plan: Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/screening-for-prediabetes-and-type-2-diabetes
    November 15, 2018 - taking antipsychotics or glucocorticoids; persons with known cardiovascular disease or severe chronic kidney … cardiovascular morbidity (including myocardial infarction, stroke, congestive heart failure), chronic kidney

27. Screening for and Management of Obesity in Adults: USPSTF Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/Bd9Cgr5WNueNbmfsPxUKDP
    September 01, 2012 - adults include ischemic heart disease, diabetes, respiratory diseases, and cancer (for example, liver, kidney … obese adults include ischemic heart disease, diabetes, certain types of cancer (for example, liver, kidney … Orlistat has recently been associated with possible kidney and pancreas damage, but no evidence was found … Orlistat and acute kidney injury: an analysis of 953 patients [Letter].

28. Draft Recommendation: Vitamin D, Calcium, or Combined Supplementation for the Primary Prevention of Falls and Fractures in Community-Dwelling Adults: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/draft-recommendation/vitamin-d-calcium-combined-supplementation-primary-prevention-falls-fractures-communitydwelling-adults
    December 17, 2024 - adverse events varied among trials. 10 Eleven trials reported on the incidence of participants with kidney … participants) over 2.5 to 7 years of followup, corresponding to an ARD of 2 more participants with kidney … Adequate evidence that supplementation with vitamin D with or without calcium increases the incidence of kidney

29. Task Force Issues Draft Recommendation Statement on Vitamin D and Calcium to Prevent Falls and Fractures in Older Adults (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/sites/default/files/file/supporting_documents/vitamin-d-calcium-falls-bulletin.pdf
    January 21, 2025 - provide no benefit in preventing falls or fractures and can lead to harms like an increased risk of kidney

30. Draft Research Plan: Vitamin D, Calcium, or Combined Supplementation for the Primary Prevention of Falls and Fractures in Community-Dwelling Adults: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/draft-research-plan/vitamin-d-calcium-combined-supplementation-primary-prevention-falls-fractures-communitydwelling-adults
    January 12, 2023 - cystic fibrosis, short gut syndrome, cholestatic liver disease, hepatic failure, cirrhosis, chronic kidney

31. Final Research Plan: Enhanced Risk Assessment for Cardiovascular Disease: Coronary Artery Calcium Scoring | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/cardiovascular-disease-enhanced-risk-assessment-non-traditional-risk-factors
    September 26, 2024 - Populations with elevated CAC score Populations selected exclusively based on having advanced chronic kidney

32. Let’s Talk About It: Preventing HIV with PrEP (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/sites/default/files/inline-files/hiv-prep-prevention-discussion-guide.pdf
    August 22, 2023 - These may include kidney problems, nausea, weight gain, and skin reactions from the PrEP shot.

33. Draft Research Plan: Enhanced Risk Assessment for Cardiovascular Disease: Coronary Artery Calcium Scoring | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/draft-research-plan/cardiovascular-disease-enhanced-risk-assessment-non-traditional-risk-factors
    April 25, 2024 - race, ethnicity, and comorbidities Populations selected exclusively based on having advanced chronic kidney

34. Final Research Plan: Vitamin D, Calcium, or Combined Supplementation for the Primary Prevention of Falls and Fractures in Community-Dwelling Adults: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/vitamin-d-calcium-combined-supplementation-primary-prevention-falls-fractures-communitydwelling-adults
    April 06, 2023 - cystic fibrosis, short gut syndrome, cholestatic liver disease, hepatic failure, cirrhosis, chronic kidney

35. Evidence Summary: Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Adolescents and Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary/hepatitis-b-virus-infection-screening
    December 15, 2020 - Data on risks of kidney and bone adverse events were limited but did not indicate increased risk; this … included the antiviral TDF, which has been associated with bone and kidney toxicities in some conditions … preferred antiviral TAF, which was FDA-approved for chronic HBV infection in 2016 and may have fewer kidney … RR, 0.80 (95% CI, 0.48-2.10); I 2 =0% Diarrhea: 4 trials; RR, 1.50 (95% CI, 0.87-2.46); I 2 =0% Kidney … See KQ4 In addition, no study evaluated tenofovir alafenamide, which may be associated with fewer kidney

36. Draft Research Plan: Healthy Diet, Physical Activity, and/or Weight Loss to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease in Adults: Behavioral Counseling Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/draft-research-plan/behavioral-counseling-interventions-promote-healthy-diet-physical-activity-weight-loss-prevent-cardiovascular-disease-adults
    May 18, 2023 - chronic disease not generalizable to the primary care population (e.g., eating disorder, cancer, chronic kidney

37. Recommendation: Prevention of Acquisition of HIV: Preexposure Prophylaxis | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/prevention-of-human-immunodeficiency-virus-hiv-infection-pre-exposure-prophylaxis
    August 22, 2023 - testing for other STIs and pregnancy testing (when appropriate) be conducted prior to initiating PrEP; kidney … Oral PrEP with TDF/FTC or tenofovir disoproxil fumarate alone was associated with increased risk of kidney … Kidney abnormalities generally resolved following PrEP cessation. … 15 , 32 One trial (n = 5387) reported no differences between TAF/FTC and TDF/FTC in rates of any kidney … of PrEP Adequate evidence that PrEP is associated with a small magnitude of harms, which include kidney

38. Preexposure Prophylaxis for the Prevention of HIV: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/KFZpoMBYuoo8TRW6nhRev8
    October 23, 2023 - Syphilis: 15% (413/2694) vs 15% (392/2693) Urethral chlamydia: 13% (346/2694) vs 12% (314/2693) Any kidney … adverse event: 10% (263/2694) vs 10% (266/2693) in primary (interim) analysis Grade ≥3 kidney adverse … event: 0.07% (2/2694) vs 0.1% (3/2693); RR, 0.67 (95% CI, 0.11-3.99) in primary (interim) analysis Kidney … There were also no differences between TAF/FTC vs TDF/FTC in rates of any kidney adverse event (10% vs … 10%), kidney ad- verse events leading to discontinuation (0.07% vs 0.2%), or fracture (2.2% vs 2.2%)

39. Preexposure Prophylaxis to Prevent Acquisition of HIV: US Preventive Services Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/6fFns4N2J-t5EGC5BUdRuu
    October 23, 2023 - Harms of PrEP Adequate evidence that PrEP is associated with a small magnitude of harms, which include kidney … testing for other STIs and pregnancy testing (when ap- propriate) be conducted prior to initiating PrEP; kidney … Oral PrEP with TDF/FTC or tenofovir disoproxil fumarate alone was associated with increased risk of kidney … Kidney abnormalities generally resolved following PrEP cessation. … drugs.15,32 One trial (n = 5387) reported no differences between TAF/FTC and TDF/FTC in rates of any kidney

40. Evidence Summary: Nonpregnant Adolescents and Adults: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary-nonpregnant-adolescents-and-adults1/human-immunodeficiency-virus-hiv-infection-screening
    June 11, 2019 - atazanavir (rate ratio, 1.20 per year of exposure [95% CI, 1.13 to 1.26]) and increased risk of chronic kidney … Cumulative and current exposure to potentially nephrotoxic antiretrovirals and development of chronic kidney … Association between tenofovir exposure and reduced kidney function in a cohort of HIV-positive patients … Association of tenofovir exposure with kidney disease risk in HIV infection. … risk Renal harms: 2 observational studies found tenofovir associated with increased risk of chronic kidney