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21. Evidence Summary: Vitamin D, Calcium, or Combined Supplementation for the Primary Prevention of Fractures in Community-Dwelling Adults: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/vitamin-d-calcium-or-combined-supplementation-for-the-primary-prevention-of-fractures-in-adults-preventive-medication
    April 17, 2018 - Main Outcomes and Measures: Incident fracture, mortality, kidney stones, cardiovascular events, and … Supplementation using vitamin D with calcium was associated with an increased incidence of kidney stones … Vitamin D with calcium was associated with an increase in the incidence of kidney stones. … No studies evaluating the effects of vitamin D alone on incident kidney stones were identified. … d Study quality rated as good for cancer outcomes and fair for kidney stone outcomes.

22. Announcements | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/news/announcements?page=32
    August 05, 2010 - Services 2010-04-02 Public Comment on Key Questions of the Evidence: Screening for Chronic Kidney

23. Recommendation: Vitamin D, Calcium, or Combined Supplementation for the Primary Prevention of Fractures in Community-Dwelling Adults: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/vitamin-d-calcium-or-combined-supplementation-for-the-primary-prevention-of-fractures-in-adults-preventive-medication
    April 17, 2018 - found adequate evidence that supplementation with vitamin D and calcium increases the incidence of kidney … Potential Harms The WHI trial found a statistically significant increase in the incidence of kidney … Calcium supplementation alone for 2 to 4 years did not increase the incidence of kidney stones; the pooled … Vitamin D 3 is converted to its active form through enzymatic processes in the liver and kidney. … Although the risk for kidney stones could theoretically increase at higher doses of supplementation,

24. VitaminD, Calcium, or Combined Supplementation for the Primary Prevention of Fractures in Community-Dwelling Adults: Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the USPSTF (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/Yc24U4wMLXGoqE5NjwRVA6
    April 17, 2018 - MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Incident fracture, mortality, kidney stones, cardiovascular events, and cancer … Supplementation using vitamin D with calcium was associated with an increased incidence of kidney stones … Vitamin D with calcium was associated with an increase in the incidence of kidney stones. … No studies evaluating the effects of vitamin D alone on incident kidney stones were identified. … Vitamin D with calcium was associated with an increase in the incidence of kidney stones.

25. Evidence Summary: Vitamin, Mineral, and Multivitamin Supplementation to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary/vitamin-supplementation-to-prevent-cvd-and-cancer-preventive-medication
    June 21, 2022 - After 5.3 years, 3.7% of those who were taking 2000 IU/d of vitamin D developed kidney stones vs 3.3% … Two of the cohort studies 97 , 98 found an increased risk of kidney stones with use of 1000 IU/d or … The third cohort study, NHS-I, 94 found no association between any dose of vitamin D and kidney stones … Vitamin D intake and the risk of incident kidney stones. … Dietary factors and the risk of incident kidney stones in men: new insights after 14 years of follow-up

26. Screening for Hypertension in Adults (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/fstFcpK_NCq4usyspqnxvY
    July 20, 2020 - If untreated, hypertension can lead to heart attacks, strokes, and kidney failure. … Having hypertension increases a person’s risk for heart attacks, strokes, and kidney failure.

27. Evidence Summary: Prevention of Acquisition of HIV: Preexposure Prophylaxis | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary/prevention-of-human-immunodeficiency-virus-hiv-infection-pre-exposure-prophylaxis
    August 22, 2023 - There was no interaction between PrEP regimen (tenofovir disoproxil fumarate alone or TDF/FTC) and kidney … There were also no differences between TAF/FTC vs TDF/FTC in rates of any kidney adverse event (10% vs … 10%), kidney adverse events leading to discontinuation (0.07% vs 0.2%), or fracture (2.2% vs 2.2%). … adverse events: 1 new RCT (n = 5387) Any kidney adverse event: 10% vs 10% Kidney adverse event leading … events, liver events, STIs: 2 new RCTs (n = 7786) No differences in kidney events, liver events, or

28. Vitamin D and Calcium Supplementation to Prevent Fractures (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/Xq6xgqs72NzadZV7TXTbkE
    February 01, 2013 - vitamin D and calcium supplements do not prevent fractures in older women and may increase the risk of kidney … taking vitamin D and calcium supplements at low doses were small, but may include an increased risk of kidney … daily supplement at this level every day does not prevent fractures and may increase the risk of kidney

29. Screening for High Blood Pressure in Adults (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/-QjonMQGChFvYe5952DF22
    October 01, 2015 - High blood pressure is a serious condition that raises a person’s risk for heart attack, stroke, and kidney … • Who have been diagnosed with high blood pressure caused by an underlying condition, such as kidney … Blood Pressure Screening Having high blood pressure raises your risk for a heart attacks, strokes, and kidney

30. Announcements | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/news/announcements?page=1
    August 29, 2023 - Disorders in Children and Adolescents 2023-07-18 Final Research Plan: Screening for Chronic Kidney

31. Screening for PAD and CVD Risk Assessment with the Ankle Brachial Index in Adults: Clinical Summary of USPSTF Recommendation (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/552cQdM9MBf55sYxnafkXP
    August 28, 2013 - without a known diagnosis of peripheral artery disease (PAD), cardiovascular disease, severe chronic kidney

32. Draft Research Plan: Screening for Hypertension in Adults | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/draft-research-plan/hypertension-in-adults-screening
    June 07, 2018 - underlying causes of hypertension, and highly selected groups of patients (e.g., those with chronic kidney … stroke, heart failure, and hospitalization for coronary heart disease End-stage renal disease (i.e., kidney

33. Announcements | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/news/announcements?page=2
    February 21, 2023 - Services Task Force 2023-01-23 Public Comment on Draft Research Plan: Screening for Chronic Kidney

34. Vitamin D, Calcium, or Combined Supplementation for the Primary Prevention of Fractures in Community-Dwelling Adults: USPSTF Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/6fMLEz4CfAVoj9YBYVbm73
    April 17, 2018 - found adequate evidence that supplementation with vitamin D and calcium increases the incidence of kidney … found adequate evidence that supplementation with vitamin D and calcium increases the incidence of kidney … Potential Harms The WHI trial found a statistically significant increase in the inci- dence of kidney … 3.3% to 0.4%).1 Calcium supplementation alone for 2 to 4 years did not in- crease the incidence of kidney … Vitamin D3 is converted to its active form through enzymatic pro- cesses in the liver and kidney.

35. Final Research Plan: Hypertension in Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/hypertension-in-adults-screening
    October 04, 2018 - patients with secondary hypertension, and highly selected groups of patients (e.g., those with chronic kidney … stroke, heart failure, and hospitalization for coronary heart disease End-stage renal disease (i.e., kidney

36. Vitamin and Mineral Supplements for the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/U4Vu9hcmHtD7snox6qbPja
    June 21, 2022 - After 5.3 years, 3.7% of those who were taking 2000 IU/d of vitamin D developed kidney stones vs 3.3% … Two of the cohort studies97,98 found an increased risk of kidney stones with use of 1000 IU/d or more … The third cohort study, NHS-I,94 found no association be- tween any dose of vitamin D and kidney stones … stones GI symptoms: consistent, reasonably precise Kidney stones: reasonably consistent and imprecise … Vitamin D intake and the risk of incident kidney stones.

37. Evidence Summary: Vitamin D Deficiency in Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary/vitamin-d-deficiency-screening
    April 13, 2021 - The incidence of adverse events and kidney stones was similar between treatment and control groups. … Stones Ten RCTs (n = 2120) reported on kidney stones. 19 , 21 , 22 , 25 , 26 , 43 , 61 , 65 , 66 , … 88 In all but 1 of those studies, the incidence of kidney stones was reported in 0% of both the active … stone; no kidney stones were reported in the placebo group or in the higher-dose vitamin D group (50,000 … 61.2 (6.3) Vitamin D 3 : 59.9 (6.2) 208 (100) Community-dwelling Serious adverse events Kidney

38. Screening for High Blood Pressure in Adults: Clinical Summary (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/gUMryjH8YC47MFRqfnmmD3
    October 06, 2015 - Initial or add- on treatment for patients with chronic kidney disease consists of either an angiotensin-converting

39. Draft Recommendation: Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes in Children and Adolescents: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/draft-recommendation/prediabetes-type2-diabetes-children-adolescents-screening
    December 14, 2021 - chronic disease in childhood. 12 Many of the diabetes complications experienced by adults (such as kidney … screening and interventions on health outcomes, including mortality, cardiovascular morbidity, chronic kidney … and intervention) focusing on health outcomes such as mortality, cardiovascular morbidity, chronic kidney … Bethesda, MD: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; 2018. 22. 

40. PrEP for HIV Prevention: Let's Talk About It (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/sites/default/files/inline-files/hiv-prep-guide-2020_0.pdf
    January 01, 2020 - These may include kidney problems, nausea, and headaches.