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1. Newborns/Infants | Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
   www.ahrq.gov/topics/newbornsinfants.html
   Topic: Newborns/Infants AHRQ has research, tools and resources to help improve the safety and quality

2. NICU Family Information Packet, Appendix B, Sleep in Preterm Infants (pdf file)
   www.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/wysiwyg/professionals/systems/hospital/nicu_toolkit/nicupacket-apb-sleep.pdf
   June 02, 2025 - NICU Family Information Packet, Appendix B, Sleep in Preterm Infants Sleep in Preterm Infants SIDS … ■ Newborn infant spends 2/3 of each day asleep; by 6 months only half of each day is spent asleep … Cognitive Development ■ Development of sleep-wake cycles likely has major impact on development of most infant … ■ Term infants who sleep for long, quiet periods early in the night and infants who sleep for longer … ■ To help the infant’s state regulation, swaddle the infant, keeping the infant’s arms and legs close

3. Appendix B. Clinical Materials to Share With Primary Care Providers (continued) | Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
   www.ahrq.gov/es/patient-safety/settings/hospital/resource/nicu/packet/apb3.html
   December 01, 2013 - Keep the tube open for a short time after feedings, to allow infant to "burp." … After infant reaches term corrected gestational age, a standard growth chart may be used. … Catch-up growth usually occurs when an infant reaches between 5 th to 10 th percentile on growth chart … Catch-up growth minimizes the differences between term and preterm infant, usually by 12-18 months of … Fetal-Infant Growth Chart for Preterm Infants ©2003 Fenton; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

4. Appendix B. Clinical Materials to Share With Primary Care Providers (continued) | Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
   www.ahrq.gov/patient-safety/settings/hospital/resource/nicu/packet/apb3.html
   December 01, 2013 - Keep the tube open for a short time after feedings, to allow infant to "burp." … After infant reaches term corrected gestational age, a standard growth chart may be used. … Catch-up growth usually occurs when an infant reaches between 5 th to 10 th percentile on growth chart … Catch-up growth minimizes the differences between term and preterm infant, usually by 12-18 months of … Fetal-Infant Growth Chart for Preterm Infants ©2003 Fenton; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

5. Part 2: Trends in Priorities of the Heckler Report—Infant Mortality and Maternity Care | Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
   www.ahrq.gov/research/findings/nhqrdr/2014chartbooks/hispanichealth/part2-mch.html
   May 01, 2018 - Chartbook for Hispanic Health Care Part 2: Trends in Priorities of the Heckler Report—Infant Mortality … 2: Trends in Priorities of the Heckler Report Part 2: Trends in Priorities of the Heckler Report—Infant … The birth weight and hence infant mortality rates of U.S. … birth weight (less than 1,500 grams) Same Growing Infant mortality per 1,000 live births … Infant Mortality Infant mortality per 1,000 live births, by race/ethnicity and Hispanic group, 2003

6. Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) | Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
   www.ahrq.gov/topics/neonatal-intensive-care-unit-nicu.html
   tools and resources for clinicians, related to neonatal intensive care units, which house acutely ill infants

7. Part 2: Trends in Priorities of the Heckler Report—Infant Mortality and Maternity Care | Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
   www.ahrq.gov/research/findings/nhqrdr/chartbooks/blackhealth/part2-infmat.html
   June 01, 2018 - Groups With Disparities: In all years, Black infants were more likely than White infants to be low … Live-Born Infants With Very Low Birth Weight Live-born infants with very low birth weight (less than … Groups With Disparities: In all years, Black infants were more likely than White infants to have … Infant Mortality Infant mortality per 1,000 live births, all birth weights, by race, 2003-2012, and … White infants.

8. Healthy Living: Infant Mortality | Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
   www.ahrq.gov/research/findings/nhqrdr/2014chartbooks/womenhealth/wm-hl.html
   September 01, 2015 - Overall Rate: In 2010, the infant mortality rate was 6.1 per 1,000 live births. … Infant Mortality per 1,000 Female Live Births Infant mortality per 1,000 female live births, all birth … American Indian and Alaska Native (7.4) and Black infants (10.1) compared with White infants (4.7). … The rate was lower for API infants (3.6) compared with White infants. … ) and total non-Hispanic (5.8) compared with non-Hispanic White infants (4.7).

9. Pediatricians Use AHRQ Report to Create New Guidelines on Vitamin D for Infants | Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
   www.ahrq.gov/news/newsroom/case-studies/coe0702.html
   October 01, 2014 - Pediatricians Use AHRQ Report to Create New Guidelines on Vitamin D for Infants Search All Impact … December 2006 The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) has developed recommendations that all infants … and Vitamin D Deficiency: New Guidelines for Vitamin D Intake , was prompted by reports of rickets in infants

10. NICU Family Information Packet, Appendix B, Nephrocalcinosis (pdf file)
    www.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/wysiwyg/professionals/systems/hospital/nicu_toolkit/nicupacket-apb-nephro.pdf
    June 02, 2025 - ■ Incidence in very low-birthweight infants (BW<1500g) ranges from 16-64%. … in healthy infants … ■ Blood pressure: Not higher in infants with nephrocalcinosis, but overall higher in preterm infants … than in healthy term infants … ■ Do NOT stop the use of high-calcium containing infant formulas.

11. NICU Family Information Packet, Appendix B, Growth (pdf file)
    www.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/wysiwyg/professionals/systems/hospital/nicu_toolkit/nicupacket-apb-growth.pdf
    June 02, 2025 - ■ After infant reaches term corrected gestational age, a standard growth chart may be used. … Catch-up growth usually occurs when an infant reaches between 5th to 10th percentile on growth chart … – Catch-up growth minimizes the differences between term and preterm infant, usually by 12-18 months … ■ Premature infants who are IUGR or infants who are SGA demonstrate less catch-up growth and higher … Weight ■ Weight gain of 20-30 g/day is desirable in preterm infants (>2 kg).

12. NICU Family Information Packet, Appendix B, Formula Feedings (pdf file)
    www.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/wysiwyg/professionals/systems/hospital/nicu_toolkit/nicupacket-apb-formula.pdf
    June 02, 2025 - Information Packet, Appendix B, Formula Feedings Formula Feedings We recommend breastfeeding for all infants … ■ Soy formulas are not recommended for preterm infants due to an increased incidence of osteopenia … ■ Preterm infants on iron fortified premature transitional formula should be given multivitamin ( … ■ Preterm infants receiving an iron fortified term formula should be given multivitamin (0.5mL/ day … Transitional formula may result in greater weight gain, linear growth, and bone mineralization than term infant

13. NICU Family Information Packet, Appendix B, Anemia of Prematurity (pdf file)
    www.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/wysiwyg/professionals/systems/hospital/nicu_toolkit/nicupacket-apb-anemia.pdf
    June 02, 2025 - ■ Anemia is more profound and occurs earlier in premature infants due to: – Blood loss from sampling … – Short survival time of RBC’s (40-60 days compared to adult 120 days, and term infant 60-80 days … – Relatively more rapid rate of growth than in term infants. … ■ Infants with significant respiratory disease or congenital heart disease may need a hematocrit … ■ Infants with a hematocrit <25 gm% and symptoms may require red blood cell transfusion.

14. NICU Family Information Packet, Appendix B, Breast Milk (pdf file)
    www.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/wysiwyg/professionals/systems/hospital/nicu_toolkit/nicupacket-apb-breastmilk.pdf
    June 02, 2025 - Information Packet, Appendix B, Breast Milk Breast Milk Benefits ■ Optimal food for almost all infants … ■ Has been shown to improve subsequent mental development in term/preterm infants as well as provide … ■ Premature infants with BW<1800-2000g are supplemented with human milk fortifier while hospitalized … ■ Infants <34 weeks or BW<1800g should receive a multivitamin (1mL/day) and an iron supplement (2 … ■ All term breastfeeding infants should receive Vitamin D (400 IU/day) as 1mL of MVI.

15. NICU Family Information Packet, Appendix B, Apnea Of Prematurity (pdf file)
    www.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/wysiwyg/professionals/systems/hospital/nicu_toolkit/nicupacket-apb-apnea.pdf
    June 02, 2025 - seconds, or a pause that is accompanied by bradycardia (heart rate <100 bpm), cyanosis, or pallor in an infant … ■ Can persist for many weeks in very preterm infants, although resolution typically occurs by 37- … 43 weeks PMA (resolution tends to be later for extremely low-birthweight infants) … Home Treatment ■ Most infants still having apnea are kept hospitalized; few may be discharged home. … after discontinuing methylxanthine therapy before sending an infant home without a monitor

16. Transitioning Newborns from NICU to Home: Family Information Packet, Appendix B (pdf file)
    www.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/wysiwyg/professionals/systems/hospital/nicu_toolkit/nicupacket-apb.pdf
    June 02, 2025 - – Short survival time of RBC’s (40-60 days compared to adult 120 days, and term infant 60-80 days … after discontinuing methylxanthine therapy before sending an infant home without a monitor … ■ Do NOT stop the use of high-calcium containing infant formulas. … – Bayley Infant Neurodevelopmental Screener. – Battelle Developmental Inventory. … – Keep the tube open for a short time after feedings, to allow infant to “burp.

17. CHIPRA 119 Section 5, Literature Review and Discussion (pdf file)
    www.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/wysiwyg/pqmp/measures/acute/chipra-119-section-5-lit-review.pdf
    March 19, 2012 - “Infant, Newborn” [Mesh], heating [Mesh] AND “infant,” newborn” limited to English language, but not … Infant Behavior and Development, 31, 149-152. … , airway is cleared, infant is dried, gentle rubbing on the infant‟s back with drying. … Infant body position affects measurement; infants in the prone position have higher body temperatures … Infant Behavior and Development, 31, 149-152.

18. Appendix B. Clinical Materials to Share With Primary Care Providers | Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
    www.ahrq.gov/es/patient-safety/settings/hospital/resource/nicu/packet/apb.html
    December 01, 2013 - Short survival time of RBC's (40-60 days compared to adult 120 days, and term infant 60-80 days). … seconds, or a pause that is accompanied by bradycardia (heart rate <100 bpm), cyanosis, or pallor in an infant … after discontinuing methylxanthine therapy before sending an infant home without a monitor. … than in healthy infants. … Do NOT stop the use of high-calcium containing infant formulas.

19. Appendix B. Clinical Materials to Share With Primary Care Providers | Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
    www.ahrq.gov/patient-safety/settings/hospital/resource/nicu/packet/apb.html
    December 01, 2013 - Short survival time of RBC's (40-60 days compared to adult 120 days, and term infant 60-80 days). … seconds, or a pause that is accompanied by bradycardia (heart rate <100 bpm), cyanosis, or pallor in an infant … after discontinuing methylxanthine therapy before sending an infant home without a monitor. … than in healthy infants. … Do NOT stop the use of high-calcium containing infant formulas.

20. NICU Family Information Packet, Appendix B, Neurodevelopment (pdf file)
    www.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/wysiwyg/professionals/systems/hospital/nicu_toolkit/nicupacket-apb-neurodevt.pdf
    June 02, 2025 - ■ Infants with low birth weight who live in an underprivileged (i.e., low socioeconomic) environment … ■ Screening tests requiring direct examination of the infant: – Denver-II Screening Test. … – Bayley Infant Neurodevelopmental Screener. – Battelle Developmental Inventory. … ■ Err on the side of caution, and refer the infant for formal testing early rather than waiting. … ■ Intervention referrals should be made early for infants or children younger than 3 years who