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61. Intravascular Diagnostic Procedures and Imaging Techniques Versus Angiography Alone in Coronary Stenting: Future Research Needs (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/coronary-artery-stenting-future_research.pdf
    January 01, 2014 - techniques in patients for whom there is already a clear clinical and other noninvasive diagnostic indication … techniques in patients for whom there is already a clear clinical or other non-invasive diagnostic indication … 7 4.67 2 In patients in whom there is already a precatheterization indication for stenting, what … In patients in whom there is already a clear clinical and other non-invasive diagnostic indication suggesting … 7 4.67 2 In patients in whom there is already a precatheterization indication for stenting, what

62. Comparative Effectiveness and Safety of New Therapies (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/diabetes-glucose-control_research.pdf
    July 01, 2010 - frequently early after its approval as monotherapy or with a thiazolidinedione; neither is an FDA approved indication … The indication for which exenatide was approved is “to improve glycemic control in patients with type … very early after approval; it was used as a monotherapy in 14% of the patients despite not having an indication

63. #14 SUBSTANCE ABUSE (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/substance-abuse-horizon-scan-high-impact-1412.pdf
    December 01, 2014 - inconsistent efficacy, and little-to-no superiority over competing off-label medications for this indication … Evzio also incorporates red and green light-emitting diodes (LEDs), providing an alternate visual indication … Office of the Attorney General and the World Health Organization for this indication.14,15 Naloxone

64. Comparative Effectiveness Review No. 266_Cervical Degenerative Disease Treatment: A Systematic Review (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cer-266-cdd-executive-summary.pdf
    November 01, 2023 - Reoperation rates were lower with artificial disc replacement than ACDF; however, indication for reoperation

65. Use of Observational Studies in Systematic Reviews of (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/methodsguidenorris_060420101.pdf
    June 01, 2010 - important reasons for physicians to assign different treatments, selection bias is called “confounding by indication … ” (Table 2, example 6).23 Confounding by indication is a common problem in pharmacoepidemiological studies … from experts, the authors determined that there were few (if any) RCTs on the use of heparin for this indication … Potential selection bias: confounding by indication Carvedilol is an expensive, proprietary beta-blocker

66. Use of Observational Studies in Systematic Reviews of (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/methods-guidance-observational-studies_methods.pdf
    June 01, 2010 - important reasons for physicians to assign different treatments, selection bias is called “confounding by indication … ” (Table 2, example 6).23 Confounding by indication is a common problem in pharmacoepidemiological studies … from experts, the authors determined that there were few (if any) RCTs on the use of heparin for this indication … Potential selection bias: confounding by indication Carvedilol is an expensive, proprietary beta-blocker

67. PEPTIC ULCER #11 (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pepticulcer_hi_impact.pdf
    January 01, 2012 - In August 2011, NPS began submitting data for a new drug application to FDA for the same indication … patient education would be necessary before this intervention would become widely diffused for this indication … SBS. 21 In August 2011, NPS began submitting data for a new drug application to FDA for the same indication … and completed the submission in December. 21 Teduglutide is not approved for any indication by the

68. Future Research Needs for Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantation in the Pediatric Population (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/stem-cell-children-future_research.pdf
    February 01, 2012 - Conclusions for Each Indication in the BCBSA TEC Draft HSCT CER: Single HSCT Versus Conventional Therapy … These gaps are crosscutting in that they apply to more than one indication for HSCT. … Conclusions for each indication in the BCBSA TEC Draft HSCT CER: Single HSCT versus conventional therapy … These diseases, or the specific indication within these diseases, all are rare. … These gaps are crosscutting in that they apply to more than one indication for HSCT.

69. Slide 1
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/estimation-and-reporting_chapter-3.pptx
    January 01, 2013 - Stratification on the propensity to receive a medication or strength of indication can identify clinically … Observational studies are susceptible to confounding by indication, ascertainment biases in exposure

70. Layout 1 (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cer18-heart-disease-ace-inhibitor-arb-executive.pdf
    October 01, 2009 - inhibitor (ramipril) and ARB (telmisartan) therapy are directly compared, there is a nonsignificant indication … combination therapy with ACE inhibitors and ARBs (ramipril + telmisartan), there is a nonsignificant indication … combination therapy with ACE inhibitors and ARBs (ramipril + telmisartan), there is a nonsignificant indication … inhibitor (ramipril) and ARB (telmisartan) therapy are directly compared, there is a nonsignificant indication … combination therapy with ACE inhibitors and ARBs (ramipril + telmisartan), there is a nonsignificant indication

71. Layout 1 (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/recombinant-factor-viia_executive.pdf
    May 01, 2010 - Analysis We classified hospitalizations where rFVIIa use was reported into discrete, mutually exclusive indication … denominator of potential rFVIIa usage (i.e., total number of patients eligible for use) by specific clinical indication … evaluated the applicability to real-world practice of the total body of evidence within a given clinical indication … thereby compromised by small study size, use of indirect outcomes, and heterogeneity in dosage and indication … diminished by less acutely ill patients and a mismatch between existing research and real-world patterns of indication

72. Tonsillectomy Research-Protocol (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/tonsillectomy_research-protocol.pdf
    February 10, 2016 - Choice  of   technique  may  depend  on  factors  including  the  underlying  indication  for  surgery … Regardless  of  indication,  age  may  affect  outcomes  markedly  in  tonsillectomy;;  younger  children … Other  comments  suggested  presenting  results  by   subgroup  when  possible  (e.g.,  indication  for … growth  information,   and  conditions  such  as  Down  Syndrome     •   Operational  definition  of  indication … important  to  describe  will  include  age,  BMI,  variability  in  definition  or   characterization  of  indication

73. Back-Pain-Imaging Clinician (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/back-pain-imaging_clinician.pdf
    April 01, 2016 - of resources and medications was not assessed. »» There was potential for confounding by clinical indication

74. #05 DEPRESSION (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/05_depression_potential_high_impact_june_2012.pdf
    January 01, 2012 - exemption approval for OCD, which marked the first FDA approval of any DBS device for a psychiatric indication … drug and improve the efficacy ‘signal.’ ” 6 FDA has granted the agent fast track status for this indication … device exemption, which was the first FDA approval of any kind for a DBS device for a psychiatric indication … sometimes abused as a street drug (“Special K”), which may affect the regulatory pathway for this indication … HDE approval to commercialize the first deep brain stimulation (DBS) therapy for a psychiatric indication

75. #05 DEPRESSION (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/depression_hi_impact.pdf
    October 01, 2014 - Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of any DBS device for a psychiatric indication. … device exemption, which was the first FDA approval of any kind for a DBS device for a psychiatric indication … These experts were confident that, if available for use in this indication, ketamine has potential … clinically significant blood pressure increases.” 54 Although MAPS is conducting the studies for this indication … HDE approval to commercialize the first deep brain stimulation (DBS) therapy for a psychiatric indication

76. Evidence-based Practice Center Systematic Review Protocol (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/atypical-antipsychotics-off-label-update_disposition-comments.pdf
    September 01, 2011 - Each of the target populations for each reviewed indication is explicitly defined. … the data were primarily taken from industry-sponsored clinical trials for one drug for one specific indication … comment, but left the data in the report since other atypicals have not been FDA approved for this indication … Similarly, our summary table of benefits (Table 1) lists each drug seperately for each indication.

77. Chronic Kidney Disease Stages 1-3: Screening, Monitoring, and Treatment (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/kidney-disease-medicine_disposition-comments.pdf
    August 01, 2012 - for their use; and second that, among patients with another indication, those with CKD have a relatively … One could argue that if patients are being treated for a non-CKD indication (e.g. hypertension) and … are not at treatment goal for that indication, no additional information regarding CKD status should … As stated above, if patients are being treated for a non-CKD indication (e.g. … hypertension) and are not at treatment goal for that indication, no additional information regarding

78. Disposition of Comments Report for Antiplatelet and Anticoagulant Treatments for Unstable Angina/Non-ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/angina-heart-attack-treatments_disposition-comments.pdf
    January 01, 2014 - I couldn’t find an indication that outcome definitions were assessed for rigidity or consistency (MI … for apixaban, rivaroxaban and dabigatran because the question clearly stated “In patients with an indication … We have kept prasugrel in the table since it was studied for this indication. … We have kept prasugrel in the table since it was studied for this indication. … We did not have a Key Question regarding the use of oral anticoagulation (without an indication for

79. Vte-Prophyalaxis Executive (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/vte-prophyalaxis_executive.pdf
    May 01, 2013 - States, and are either FDA approved for VTE prophylaxis or are used off label by clinicians for this indication … and clopidogrel; as well as the anticoagulant warfarin, which clinicians may use off label for this indication … The greatest risk to their validity was confounding by indication in that the sicker patients received … information that would need to be captured would be filter-related information including timing, indication … Future research using high-quality observational studies that control for confounding by indication,

80. #05 DEPRESSION (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/depression-horizon-scan-high-impact-1412.pdf
    December 01, 2014 - , one manufacturer is studying esketamine, the purified (S)-enantiomer form of ketamine, for this indication … No scopolamine manufacturers are sponsoring registered clinical trials for this indication. … FDA has granted fast-track status to esketamine for this indication, and Janssen plans to also apply … behaviors, and delusions.67,76,77 Three registered clinical trials are ongoing for this off-label indication … Five experts, with clinical and research backgrounds, commented on off-label scopolamine for this indication