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81. Test-Performance-Metrics Appendixes (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/test-performance-metrics_appendixes.pdf
    January 01, 2005 - These values are highly useful for clinical purposes because they give the clinician an indication of

82. Data Points 16: Types of Prostate Radiation: Changes across time and geography in the use of prostate radiation technologies for newly diagnosed older cancer patients: 2006-2008 (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/prostate-cancer-radiation_research.pdf
    November 01, 2012 - national trends can be studied using Medicare claims alone with minimal worry about confounding due to indication … prostatectomy as minimally invasive or open if they had claims with select HCPCS codes, and NOS if the only indication

83. Tonsillectomy for Recurrent Infection and Obstructive Sleep Disordered Breathing | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/tonsillectomy/research-protocol
    March 01, 2020 - Choice of technique may depend on factors including the underlying indication for surgery (e.g., recurrent … Regardless of indication, age may affect outcomes markedly in tonsillectomy; younger children tend to … Other comments suggested presenting results by subgroup when possible (e.g., indication for tonsillectomy … ethnicity, BMI and growth information, and conditions such as Down Syndrome Operational definition of indication … especially important to describe will include age, BMI, variability in definition or characterization of indication

84. S158 (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/s158.pdf
    October 01, 2007 - With respect to prescribed medications, this bias is called confounding by indication.2 It stems from … -7079/07/4500-0158 Medical Care • Volume 45, Number 10 Suppl 2, October 2007S158 confounding by indication … limitation makes the data from such analyses vulnerable to confounding bias, such as con- founding by indication … Confounding by indication. Epidemiology. 1996;7:335– 336. 3. Stürmer T, Hasselbach P, Amelang M.

85. Arthritis and Nontraumatic Joint Disease (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/arthritis-horizon-scan-high-impact-1506.pdf
    June 01, 2015 - Because secukinumab is approved for treating plaque psoriasis, its cost is available for that indication … , or TNF inhibitor therapy.7 The company has announced plans for regulatory submissions for an AS indication … and the company has also announced plans for regulatory submissions for a psoriatic arthritis (PsA) indication … to NSAIDs, DMARDs, or TNF inhibitor therapy.7 The company plans regulatory submissions for a PsA indication … The company has also announced plans for regulatory submissions for an ankylosing spondylitis (AS) indication

86. #05 DEPRESSION (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/05_depression_potential_high_impact_2012-12-10.pdf
    January 01, 2012 - obsessive-compulsive disorder, which marked the first FDA approval of any DBS device for a psychiatric indication … FDA has granted the agent fast track status for this indication. 2 Clinical Pathway at Point of … If approved for this indication, DBS is expected to be positioned as an additional second-line therapeutic … sometimes abused as a street drug (“Special K”), which may affect the regulatory pathway for this indication … HDE approval to commercialize the first deep brain stimulation (DBS) therapy for a psychiatric indication

87. Identification and Treatment of Post-Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) Depression: A Systematic Review (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/acs-depression-research-protocol-amended.pdf
    February 15, 2017 - medications that are FDA- approved for treatment of major depressive disorder1 Drug FDA-Labeled Indication … Drug FDA-Labeled Indication … antipsychotics that are FDA-approved for treatment of major depressive disorder1 Drug FDA-Labeled Indication … Drug FDA-Labeled Indication … antidepressants that are FDA-approved for treatment of major depressive disorder1 Drug FDA-Labeled Indication

88. Cer-238-Cervical-Ripening-Appendix-E-1 (xls file)
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/cer-238-cervical-ripening-appendix-e-1.xlsx
    January 01, 2009 - NR) -Patients were seen weekly until the onset of spontaneous labor, the rupture of membranes or an indication … -Study drug delivered at 40 weeks if deemed appropriate (No indication of what constitutes "appropriate … ") - Study drug delivered at 41 weeks if deemed appropriate (No indication of what constitutes "appropriate … an obstetrician) -After insertion, patients were permitted to be ambulatory if there was no medical indication … 301 in outpatient group that were presumed large for gestational age, which is considered a medical indication

89. Comparative Effectiveness Review No. 266_Cervical Degenerative Disease Treatment: A Systematic Review (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cer-266-cdd-executive-summary.pdf
    November 01, 2023 - Reoperation rates were lower with artificial disc replacement than ACDF; however, indication for reoperation

90. Preoperative-Testing Executive (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/preoperative-testing_executive.pdf
    January 01, 2014 - Anesthesiologists (ASA) defines routine preoperative tests as those done in the absence of any specific clinical indication … preoperative testing may result in false- positive or borderline results (in the absence of clinical indication … between the benefits and harms: namely, the risk of the surgical procedure, type of anesthesia planned, indication … The risk of the surgical procedure, the type of anesthesia planned, the indication for surgery, comorbidities … The risk of the surgical procedure, the type of anesthesia planned, the indication for surgery, comorbidities

91. Intravascular Diagnostic Procedures and Imaging Techniques Versus Angiography Alone in Coronary Stenting: Future Research Needs (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/coronary-artery-stenting-future_research.pdf
    January 01, 2014 - techniques in patients for whom there is already a clear clinical and other noninvasive diagnostic indication … techniques in patients for whom there is already a clear clinical or other non-invasive diagnostic indication … 7 4.67 2 In patients in whom there is already a precatheterization indication for stenting, what … In patients in whom there is already a clear clinical and other non-invasive diagnostic indication suggesting … 7 4.67 2 In patients in whom there is already a precatheterization indication for stenting, what

92. #14 SUBSTANCE ABUSE (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/substance-abuse-horizon-scan-high-impact-1412.pdf
    December 01, 2014 - inconsistent efficacy, and little-to-no superiority over competing off-label medications for this indication … Evzio also incorporates red and green light-emitting diodes (LEDs), providing an alternate visual indication … Office of the Attorney General and the World Health Organization for this indication.14,15 Naloxone

93. Comparative Effectiveness and Safety of New Therapies (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/diabetes-glucose-control_research.pdf
    July 01, 2010 - frequently early after its approval as monotherapy or with a thiazolidinedione; neither is an FDA approved indication … The indication for which exenatide was approved is “to improve glycemic control in patients with type … very early after approval; it was used as a monotherapy in 14% of the patients despite not having an indication

94. Selecting Observational Studies for Comparing Medical Interventions | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/products/methods-guidance-observational-studies/methods
    April 01, 2022 - important reasons for physicians to assign different treatments, selection bias is called “confounding by indication … ” ( Table 2 , example 6). 23 Confounding by indication is a common problem in pharmacoepidemiological … from experts, the authors determined that there were few (if any) RCTs on the use of heparin for this indication … Potential selection bias: confounding by indication Carvedilol is an expensive, proprietary beta-blocker

95. Back-Pain-Imaging Clinician (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/back-pain-imaging_clinician.pdf
    April 01, 2016 - of resources and medications was not assessed. »» There was potential for confounding by clinical indication

96. For persons who present with acute cough illness (ACI), what is the comparative effectiveness of various interventions for reducing inappropriate antimicrobial use? | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/get-involved/nominated-topics/for-persons-who-present-with-acute-cough-illness-aci-what-is-the-comparative-effectiveness-of-various-interventions-for-reducing-inappropriate-antimicrobial-use
    November 01, 2017 - All persons presenting with ACI in the outpatient or emergency setting who do not have a clear indication

97. Use of Observational Studies in Systematic Reviews of (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/methodsguidenorris_060420101.pdf
    June 01, 2010 - important reasons for physicians to assign different treatments, selection bias is called “confounding by indication … ” (Table 2, example 6).23 Confounding by indication is a common problem in pharmacoepidemiological studies … from experts, the authors determined that there were few (if any) RCTs on the use of heparin for this indication … Potential selection bias: confounding by indication Carvedilol is an expensive, proprietary beta-blocker

98. Use of Observational Studies in Systematic Reviews of (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/methods-guidance-observational-studies_methods.pdf
    June 01, 2010 - important reasons for physicians to assign different treatments, selection bias is called “confounding by indication … ” (Table 2, example 6).23 Confounding by indication is a common problem in pharmacoepidemiological studies … from experts, the authors determined that there were few (if any) RCTs on the use of heparin for this indication … Potential selection bias: confounding by indication Carvedilol is an expensive, proprietary beta-blocker

99. PEPTIC ULCER #11 (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pepticulcer_hi_impact.pdf
    January 01, 2012 - In August 2011, NPS began submitting data for a new drug application to FDA for the same indication … patient education would be necessary before this intervention would become widely diffused for this indication … SBS. 21 In August 2011, NPS began submitting data for a new drug application to FDA for the same indication … and completed the submission in December. 21 Teduglutide is not approved for any indication by the

100. Future Research Needs for Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantation in the Pediatric Population (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare-admin.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/stem-cell-children-future_research.pdf
     February 01, 2012 - Conclusions for Each Indication in the BCBSA TEC Draft HSCT CER: Single HSCT Versus Conventional Therapy … These gaps are crosscutting in that they apply to more than one indication for HSCT. … Conclusions for each indication in the BCBSA TEC Draft HSCT CER: Single HSCT versus conventional therapy … These diseases, or the specific indication within these diseases, all are rare. … These gaps are crosscutting in that they apply to more than one indication for HSCT.