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161. Vitamin-D-Calcium-Protocol-130611 (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/vitamin-d-calcium_research-protocol.pdf
     September 13, 2013 - Studies that include broad populations might include some individuals with diseases or who are at risk … Studies that include a broad population that might include some people with diseases of concern—for … For upper limit (adverse event [AE]) outcomes, we will include any adverse effects of high intake in … Items to be assessed include eligibility criteria and sampling of the study population, blinding of … cancer outcomes, the additional criteria include diagnostic ascertainment.

162. Evidence-based Practice Center Systematic Review Protocol (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/osteoporosis-bone-fracture_research-protocol.pdf
     May 14, 2010 - In addition to fractures, the clinical complications of osteoporosis include disability and chronic … size, and it is not used for persons over the age of 50.4 Risk factors for osteoporotic fracture include … We will include non-English articles. KQ1 and KQ2. … We will also include reports of post hoc analyses and open-label extensions of trials. KQ3. … The need to include observational studies will also be carefully assessed according to the guidelines

163. Primary Hypofractionated Radiation Therapy for Localized Prostate Cancer: Research Protocol (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/hypofractionated-radiation-therapy-protocol.pdf
     April 17, 2024 - These include reduced access to prostate-specific antigen-based (PSA) screening and high- quality prostate … Methods Criteria for Inclusion/Exclusion of Studies in the Review: The review will include adults aged … Key Questions 3 through 5 include the same populations as other KQs, who received either moderate or … The key domains assessed in ROBINS-I include confounding, selection of participants, classification … For comparative cohort studies, categories for the risk of bias include “low,” “moderate,” “serious,

164. Nonopioid Pharmacologic Treatments for Chronic Pain (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/nonopioid-pharm-chronic-pain-protocol.pdf
     February 01, 2019 - The most common forms of pharmacologic treatment for pain include opioids, nonsteroidal anti- inflammatory … PICOTS: Inclusion and exclusion criteria PICOTS Include Exclude Populations and Conditions • … Information that will be abstracted that is relevant for assessing applicability will include the number … In the evidence tables, we will include relevant studies from prior Drug Effectiveness Review project … Factors that may affect applicability which we have identified a priori include eligibility criteria

165. Microsoft Word - cognitive-decline-protocol-160322.docx (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/cognitive-decline_research-protocol.pdf
     March 22, 2016 - Specific etiologies of neurocognitive disorders include Alzheimer’s disease and many other less common … Nonmodifiable risk factors include age, sex, race/ethnicity, and family history. … Modifiable risk or protective factors may include diet, physical activity, education and intellectual … We will include a Key Question (KQ) examining the association between the intermediate and the onset … We will include studies designed to address the effect of improving sleep on cognitive decline.

166. Disposition of Comments Report for CER 207 on PTSD (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cer-207-ptsd-disposition-comments.pdf
     May 17, 2018 - We did not include any high risk of bias studies in our meta analyses or SOE gradings. … Peer Reviewer 1 Methods Why did this SR not include sensitivity analyses like the 2013 SR? … We did not include Cronbach’s alpha as a measure of reliability. … We only include studies that included information to calculate an effect size. … Peer Reviewer 3 Discussion This decision to include partial PTSD is quirky and unnecessary.

167. Topic 0586 LUTS Secondary to BPH NSD FINAL (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/TND-0713-140625.pdf
     January 07, 2014 - Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) is a term that has been used to refer to symptoms that include frequency … by interfering with daily activities and normal sleep patterns. § Common medications for LUTS/BPH include … combinations. § Common diagnostic strategies for LUTS patients with a predominant complaint of nocturia include

168. Dementia-Agitation-Aggression Research-Protocol (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/dementia-agitation-aggression_research-protocol.pdf
     November 13, 2014 - Examples of general behavioral measurement instruments include the NPI (and its variants NPI-C, NPI-Q … Prospective studies must include a comparator and appropriate methods to correct for selection bias. … Studies specifically addressing treatment harms may also include retrospective cohort studies. … Systematic reviews must include risk of bias assessment with validated tools. … Relevant grey literature resources include trial registries and funded research databases.

169. Untitled (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/field-triage-glascow_research-protocol.pdf
     February 25, 2016 - trained emergency personnel, including physicians and nurses.4,20,23 Data on ease of use or usability include … mGCS using a cutoff score of ≤5 to indicate persons who require high level trauma care, but will include … •   KQ 3: Randomized trials; if few studies then also include cohort and case- control studies … If there is insufficient head-to-head evidence, we will also include studies that evaluate either the … For Key Questions 1, 2 and 4, we will include studies that report head to head comparisons of the mGCS

170. Bladder-Cancer-Non-Muscle-Invasive Research-Protocol (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/bladder-cancer-non-muscle-invasive_research-protocol.pdf
     July 21, 2014 - term follow up.4 The most common risk factor for bladder cancer is smoking, though other risk factors include … These include the stage of the cancer, tumor grade, whether the tumor is an initial tumor or a recurrence … : • Any duration of follow-up Settings Include: • Inpatient settings • Outpatient settings … Information that will be abstracted that is relevant for assessing applicability will include the number … “Low risk of bias” studies include clear descriptions of the population, setting, interventions, and

171. Maternal Morbidity and Mortality (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/product/pdf/mmm-draft-protocol-amendment.pdf
     February 02, 2022 - Our scope does not include assessing the effectiveness of interventions aimed at improving maternal … Include biological, social, and environmental factors from the individual, family/family structure, … Outcomes Individual studies must include at least one medical or healthcare-related outcome. … We include the proposed search strategy for Medline (via Ovid) in Appendix A. … Individual studies must include at least one maternal medical or healthcare- related outcome.

172. A Systematic Review of Postpartum Home Blood Pressure Monitoring, Postpartum Treatment of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy, and Peripartum Magnesium Sulfate Regimens for Preeclampsia With Severe Features (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/product/pdf/hypertensive-disorders-pregnancy-protocol-amendment.pdf
     April 20, 2022 - pregnancy (HDP) affect up to 10 percent of pregnancies, and encompass a spectrum of disorders that include … For Key Question 2, we will include comparative studies of postpartum pharmacological treatments for … effectiveness RCTs (e.g., placebo-controlled) to include indirect comparisons of alternative MgSO4 … In extraction and summary of NRCSs, we will preferentially include adjusted over crude analyses. … Other factors may include the age and geographic location of the study. V. References 1.

173. Dispostion of Comments Report for Child and Adolescent Exposure to Trauma (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/trauma-child-interventions_disposition-comments.pdf
     February 11, 2013 - The tables below include the responses by the authors of the review to each comment that was submitted … This would include more careful consideration of why the intervention used for child maltreatment or … In such instance, the key decisions/questions would include: 1) “Is there evidence enough to support … Also, information from any study that reports on these factors is important to include. … There were several other studies with low n’s that we did not include.

174. Evidence-based Practice Center Systematic Review Protocol (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/insulin-blood-sugar-2010_research-protocol.pdf
     January 01, 2010 - †Maternal outcomes include cesarean section rates. Figure 1. … o Acceptable diagnoses will include type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes. … Interventions We will include studies that evaluate CSII and rt-CGM. … For all other outcomes, we will include only randomized controlled trials. … We will include studies that were conducted in an outpatient setting.

175. Presentation of Future Research Needs (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/presentations-future_research.pdf
     April 01, 2012 - The FRN should be presented in tiers rather than as a numerical ranking and should include a clear … Examples include: Preventing Alzheimer’s Disease and Cognitive Decline. … Basic principles include: Rationale for prioritization if possible. … May include criteria used (burden, feasibility, impact). Organize by PICOTS. … Include any research design considerations or comments if relevant.

176. The Refinement of Topics for Systematic Reviews: Lessons and Recommendations From the Effective Health Care Program (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/methods-guidance-topic-refinement_methods.pdf
     January 01, 2013 - and include multiple outcomes and settings; it may present challenges for research feasibility. … They may also include timing and setting (TS). … e.g., “Adolescents” will include ages 13-19 years … , “Adolescents” will include ages 13-19 years … Include mention of Peds 30 measure in the AF.

177. Hip-Fracture-Pain Consumer (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/hip-fracture-pain_consumer.pdf
     May 01, 2011 - Some of these include: Acetaminophen. … Common side effects of opioid analgesics include: � Nausea, vomiting, and constipation. … Some of the common side effects of NSAIDs include: � Dizziness. � Nausea. � Diarrhea. … These other treatments include: � Nerve blocks. � Traction. � Acupressure.

178. Disposition of Comments_Systematic Review: The Relationship of Digestible Carbohydrate Intake With Cardiovascular Disease, Type 2 Diabetes, Obesity, and Body Composition (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/effect-dietary-digestible-disposition-comments_0.pdf
     March 03, 2025 - We strongly encourage an update of this scientific review to include studies examining low-carbohydrate … updating the inclusion and exclusion criteria for this review as follows:1) Revise the protocols to include … research focused on these endpoints.2) Amend the Intervention inclusion criteria in both protocols to include … We did not identify eligible studies with lower carbohydrate intake levels to include in the review … We strongly encourage an update of this scientific review to include studies examining low- carbohydrate

179. Methods Guide for Comparative Effectiveness Reviews_Inclusion of Nonrandomized Studies of Interventions in Systematic Reviews of Intervention Effectiveness: An Update (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/wysiwyg/pdf/methods-guide-inclusion-nonrandomized-studies.pdf
     September 01, 2022 - • In deciding whether to include NRSIs, consider the balance between improved utility to end-users … The chapter focuses on considerations for decisions to include or exclude NRSIs in SRs. … These interrelated considerations include: 1. … Therefore, reviewer teams should include a mix of methodologic and content-specific expertise. … Explain the potential implications of the decision to include or exclude NRSIs. 9.

180. Methods Guide for Comparative Effectiveness Reviews_Inclusion of Nonrandomized Studies of Interventions in Systematic Reviews of Intervention Effectiveness: An Update (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/product/pdf/methods-guide-inclusion-nonrandomized-studies.pdf
     September 01, 2022 - • In deciding whether to include NRSIs, consider the balance between improved utility to end-users … The chapter focuses on considerations for decisions to include or exclude NRSIs in SRs. … These interrelated considerations include: 1. … Therefore, reviewer teams should include a mix of methodologic and content-specific expertise. … Explain the potential implications of the decision to include or exclude NRSIs. 9.