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161. Vitamin-D-Calcium-Protocol-130611 (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/vitamin-d-calcium_research-protocol.pdf
     September 13, 2013 - Studies that include broad populations might include some individuals with diseases or who are at risk … Studies that include a broad population that might include some people with diseases of concern—for … For upper limit (adverse event [AE]) outcomes, we will include any adverse effects of high intake in … Items to be assessed include eligibility criteria and sampling of the study population, blinding of … cancer outcomes, the additional criteria include diagnostic ascertainment.

162. Disposition of Comments Report for CER 207 on PTSD (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cer-207-ptsd-disposition-comments.pdf
     May 17, 2018 - We did not include any high risk of bias studies in our meta analyses or SOE gradings. … Peer Reviewer 1 Methods Why did this SR not include sensitivity analyses like the 2013 SR? … We did not include Cronbach’s alpha as a measure of reliability. … We only include studies that included information to calculate an effect size. … Peer Reviewer 3 Discussion This decision to include partial PTSD is quirky and unnecessary.

163. Microsoft Word - cognitive-decline-protocol-160322.docx (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/cognitive-decline_research-protocol.pdf
     March 22, 2016 - Specific etiologies of neurocognitive disorders include Alzheimer’s disease and many other less common … Nonmodifiable risk factors include age, sex, race/ethnicity, and family history. … Modifiable risk or protective factors may include diet, physical activity, education and intellectual … We will include a Key Question (KQ) examining the association between the intermediate and the onset … We will include studies designed to address the effect of improving sleep on cognitive decline.

164. Bladder-Cancer-Non-Muscle-Invasive Research-Protocol (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/bladder-cancer-non-muscle-invasive_research-protocol.pdf
     July 21, 2014 - term follow up.4 The most common risk factor for bladder cancer is smoking, though other risk factors include … These include the stage of the cancer, tumor grade, whether the tumor is an initial tumor or a recurrence … : • Any duration of follow-up Settings Include: • Inpatient settings • Outpatient settings … Information that will be abstracted that is relevant for assessing applicability will include the number … “Low risk of bias” studies include clear descriptions of the population, setting, interventions, and

165. Untitled (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/field-triage-glascow_research-protocol.pdf
     February 25, 2016 - trained emergency personnel, including physicians and nurses.4,20,23 Data on ease of use or usability include … mGCS using a cutoff score of ≤5 to indicate persons who require high level trauma care, but will include … •   KQ 3: Randomized trials; if few studies then also include cohort and case- control studies … If there is insufficient head-to-head evidence, we will also include studies that evaluate either the … For Key Questions 1, 2 and 4, we will include studies that report head to head comparisons of the mGCS

166. Dementia-Agitation-Aggression Research-Protocol (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/dementia-agitation-aggression_research-protocol.pdf
     November 13, 2014 - Examples of general behavioral measurement instruments include the NPI (and its variants NPI-C, NPI-Q … Prospective studies must include a comparator and appropriate methods to correct for selection bias. … Studies specifically addressing treatment harms may also include retrospective cohort studies. … Systematic reviews must include risk of bias assessment with validated tools. … Relevant grey literature resources include trial registries and funded research databases.

167. A Systematic Review of Postpartum Home Blood Pressure Monitoring, Postpartum Treatment of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy, and Peripartum Magnesium Sulfate Regimens for Preeclampsia With Severe Features (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/product/pdf/hypertensive-disorders-pregnancy-protocol-amendment.pdf
     April 20, 2022 - pregnancy (HDP) affect up to 10 percent of pregnancies, and encompass a spectrum of disorders that include … For Key Question 2, we will include comparative studies of postpartum pharmacological treatments for … effectiveness RCTs (e.g., placebo-controlled) to include indirect comparisons of alternative MgSO4 … In extraction and summary of NRCSs, we will preferentially include adjusted over crude analyses. … Other factors may include the age and geographic location of the study. V. References 1.

168. Maternal Morbidity and Mortality (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/product/pdf/mmm-draft-protocol-amendment.pdf
     February 02, 2022 - Our scope does not include assessing the effectiveness of interventions aimed at improving maternal … Include biological, social, and environmental factors from the individual, family/family structure, … Outcomes Individual studies must include at least one medical or healthcare-related outcome. … We include the proposed search strategy for Medline (via Ovid) in Appendix A. … Individual studies must include at least one maternal medical or healthcare- related outcome.

169. Topic 0586 LUTS Secondary to BPH NSD FINAL (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/TND-0713-140625.pdf
     January 07, 2014 - Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) is a term that has been used to refer to symptoms that include frequency … by interfering with daily activities and normal sleep patterns. § Common medications for LUTS/BPH include … combinations. § Common diagnostic strategies for LUTS patients with a predominant complaint of nocturia include

170. Dispostion of Comments Report for Child and Adolescent Exposure to Trauma (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/trauma-child-interventions_disposition-comments.pdf
     February 11, 2013 - The tables below include the responses by the authors of the review to each comment that was submitted … This would include more careful consideration of why the intervention used for child maltreatment or … In such instance, the key decisions/questions would include: 1) “Is there evidence enough to support … Also, information from any study that reports on these factors is important to include. … There were several other studies with low n’s that we did not include.

171. Evidence-based Practice Center Systematic Review Protocol (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/insulin-blood-sugar-2010_research-protocol.pdf
     January 01, 2010 - †Maternal outcomes include cesarean section rates. Figure 1. … o Acceptable diagnoses will include type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes. … Interventions We will include studies that evaluate CSII and rt-CGM. … For all other outcomes, we will include only randomized controlled trials. … We will include studies that were conducted in an outpatient setting.

172. Presentation of Future Research Needs (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/presentations-future_research.pdf
     April 01, 2012 - The FRN should be presented in tiers rather than as a numerical ranking and should include a clear … Examples include: Preventing Alzheimer’s Disease and Cognitive Decline. … Basic principles include: Rationale for prioritization if possible. … May include criteria used (burden, feasibility, impact). Organize by PICOTS. … Include any research design considerations or comments if relevant.

173. The Refinement of Topics for Systematic Reviews: Lessons and Recommendations From the Effective Health Care Program (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/methods-guidance-topic-refinement_methods.pdf
     January 01, 2013 - and include multiple outcomes and settings; it may present challenges for research feasibility. … They may also include timing and setting (TS). … e.g., “Adolescents” will include ages 13-19 years … , “Adolescents” will include ages 13-19 years … Include mention of Peds 30 measure in the AF.

174. Disposition of Comments_Systematic Review: The Relationship of Digestible Carbohydrate Intake With Cardiovascular Disease, Type 2 Diabetes, Obesity, and Body Composition (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/effect-dietary-digestible-disposition-comments_0.pdf
     March 03, 2025 - We strongly encourage an update of this scientific review to include studies examining low-carbohydrate … updating the inclusion and exclusion criteria for this review as follows:1) Revise the protocols to include … research focused on these endpoints.2) Amend the Intervention inclusion criteria in both protocols to include … We did not identify eligible studies with lower carbohydrate intake levels to include in the review … We strongly encourage an update of this scientific review to include studies examining low- carbohydrate

175. Methods Guide for Comparative Effectiveness Reviews_Inclusion of Nonrandomized Studies of Interventions in Systematic Reviews of Intervention Effectiveness: An Update (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/product/pdf/methods-guide-inclusion-nonrandomized-studies.pdf
     September 01, 2022 - • In deciding whether to include NRSIs, consider the balance between improved utility to end-users … The chapter focuses on considerations for decisions to include or exclude NRSIs in SRs. … These interrelated considerations include: 1. … Therefore, reviewer teams should include a mix of methodologic and content-specific expertise. … Explain the potential implications of the decision to include or exclude NRSIs. 9.

176. Methods Guide for Comparative Effectiveness Reviews_Inclusion of Nonrandomized Studies of Interventions in Systematic Reviews of Intervention Effectiveness: An Update (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/wysiwyg/pdf/methods-guide-inclusion-nonrandomized-studies.pdf
     September 01, 2022 - • In deciding whether to include NRSIs, consider the balance between improved utility to end-users … The chapter focuses on considerations for decisions to include or exclude NRSIs in SRs. … These interrelated considerations include: 1. … Therefore, reviewer teams should include a mix of methodologic and content-specific expertise. … Explain the potential implications of the decision to include or exclude NRSIs. 9.

177. EHC Protocol: Addressing Social Isolation To Improve Health of Older Adults: A Rapid Evidence Review (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/mhs4-failure-rescue-protocol-amendment.pdf
     September 19, 2023 - Studies to be included here will need to include efferent limb information and not focus solely on … • Intervention does not include an in- hospital team of responders. … Information will be organized according to the review questions, and will include author, year, study … Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria We will exclude primary studies that do not include hospital … Adjustments include being as speci...

178. Hip-Fracture-Pain Consumer (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/hip-fracture-pain_consumer.pdf
     May 01, 2011 - Some of these include: Acetaminophen. … Common side effects of opioid analgesics include: � Nausea, vomiting, and constipation. … Some of the common side effects of NSAIDs include: � Dizziness. � Nausea. � Diarrhea. … These other treatments include: � Nerve blocks. � Traction. � Acupressure.

179. PowerPoint Presentation (ppt file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/medical-test-reviews-applicability.ppt
     June 01, 2012 - Lack of clarity in the key questions can hinder decisions about which studies to include and which to … These issues include patient populations, management strategies, time effects, and secular trends. … Challenges include heterogeneous populations and study designs plus data that is not adjusted for key … A decision to include material that was initially excluded according to agreed upon criteria would be … Final reviews should include a description of test use in usual practice and how the included studies

180. PowerPoint Presentation (ppt file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/medical-test-reviews-applicability.ppt
     June 01, 2012 - Lack of clarity in the key questions can hinder decisions about which studies to include and which to … These issues include patient populations, management strategies, time effects, and secular trends. … Challenges include heterogeneous populations and study designs plus data that is not adjusted for key … A decision to include material that was initially excluded according to agreed upon criteria would be … Final reviews should include a description of test use in usual practice and how the included studies