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101. Evidence Report on the (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/bundled-payments-quality-effects_research-protocol.pdf
     June 23, 2011 - The definition of ―bundled payment‖ used in this review will include several related concepts that … Specific payment models may include some or multiples of these aggregation methods. … For example, a single payment could include a surgical procedure and followup care. … Other mechanisms could include a blend of payment methods. … Study outcomes include: o Health care spending (allowed charges) per episode.

102. Abnormal-Uterine-Bleeding Research-Protocol (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/abnormal-uterine-bleeding_research-protocol.pdf
     November 21, 2011 - Common problems include worry about the cause, embarrassment if the bleeding includes flooding type … Interventions of interest for this review include medical, complementary and alternative medicine ( … Eligible studies must, however, establish and include a sufficient number of study participants to … Ideally, studies will include an explanation of the sample size analysis (e.g., power calculation … Studies may also include mixed populations and/or poorly defined inclusion/exclusion criteria.

103. Disposition of Comments_Comparative Effectiveness Review 255: Transitions of Care From Pediatric to Adult Services for Children With Special Healthcare Needs (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/transitions-care-pediatric-to-adult-services-disposition-comments.pdf
     May 31, 2022 - Consider clarifying the thought a bit to include language from page 62. … Multidisciplinary Care Providers - Think RNs and Social workers would be important to include here. … We include these now as one group of intervention type: Transition program or clinic. … We do include the strategy as a column to help the reader distinguish between these approaches for … Other reviews may use their own criteria that would necessarily include a distinct literature set.

104. hemorrhage-postpartum-protocol-140611 (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/hemorrhage-postpartum_research-protocol.pdf
     June 11, 2014 - birth frequently exceeds 500 or 1000 mL.4 Proposed alternate metrics for defining and diagnosing PPH include … Interventions for acute blood loss anemia include red blood cell transfusion and iron supplementation … After PPH has been controlled, followup management varies and may include laboratory testing (e.g., … We will include studies published in English only. … We will also include case series reporting on at least 50 cases of PPH treatment for KQ3.

105. Research White Paper Registries in Accountable Care Addendum Registries for Evaluating Patient Outcomes Third Edition (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/wysiwyg/accountable-care-registries-guide-3rd-ed-addendum-white-paper-2018-5.pdf
     January 01, 2018 - hospitals, primary care providers, and specialists to physician-led organizations that only include … These registries sometimes include financial information on patients, specifically; payer claims data … Follow-up efforts include care coordinators making home visits for patients recently discharged from … Examples may include daily reports on patients discharged from a hospital within the past week with … This could include a list of patients currently part of a given cohort by provider.

106. home-based-care-protocol-141119 (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/home-based-care_research-protocol.pdf
     November 19, 2014 - care provides a usual source of care, encourages relationships with a provider, is more likely to include … Potential benefits of HBPC include: 1) increased access to care for people who have difficulty traveling … It can include adult homes or senior housing. … Interventions: For this review, home-based primary care interventions must include all four of the … Harms include negative effects of HPBC in any of the outcome categories.

107. Microsoft Word - 3-DKE274__ACEI-ARB-DRI__Comments_Disposition_Table-21_Jan_2011 cyk _2_.docx (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/ace-inhibitor-arb-update_disposition-comments.pdf
     October 07, 2011 - The tables below include the responses by the authors of the review to each comment that was submitted … To include a broad range of studies reporting on our multiple outcomes, we opted to include studies … As suggested we now include Appendix H, which discusses the potential for publication bias for the … We now include a definition of gray literature for the reader. … simplified and no longer include z or p values Results Page 57: when using SMDs for meta-analysis,

108. Revised Protocol - Opioids 12 13 13[1] (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/chronic-pain-opioid-treatment_research-protocol.pdf
     December 19, 2013 - Risk mitigation strategies that have been suggested in patients prescribed opioids include use of opioid … Challenges in conducting a systematic literature review on long-term opioid therapy include the breadth … We will include randomized controlled trials (RCTs), cohort studies, and case-control studies for all … Information that will be abstracted that is relevant for assessing applicability will include the number … In the evidence tables, we will include relevant studies from the prior American Pain Society review

109. Critical Analysis of the Evidence for Patient Safety Practices in Nursing Home Settings (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/nursing-home-safety_research-protocol.pdf
     July 22, 2015 - safety issues identified in multiple sources, and of particular interest in this Technical Brief, include … Examples include efforts to provide incentives for NH to improve care quality, to NH staff training … Considerations include: a. Staffing – type, education, numbers, turnover b. … Examples include: expansion of and increasing acuity in the assisted living environment, increasing … We will include any grey literature reports of evaluations of interventions in our tabulation of new

110. Disposition of Comments for CER 164 Home-Based Primary Care Interventions (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/home-based-care_disposition-comments.pdf
     February 16, 2016 - We did include what was available in the Discussion section of the review. … We have revised the Discussion section to include the early results released about IAH and to include … We have revised the Introduction to include this idea. … Yet the studies they review include all adults. … We have revised the text to include this suggestion.

111. Medical Care for Adults with Down Syndrome (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/care-adults-down-syndrome-protocol-amendment.pdf
     February 05, 2025 - This review will include the nine clinical areas previously examined and expand to additional clinical … These may include, but not limited, to cross-sectional studies, case reports and case series, etc. … The searches will include controlled vocabulary terms (e.g., MeSH, Emtree), along with free-text words … The search will include a filter to remove nonhuman studies. … If available in the literature, the data fields to be extracted will include insurance status, living

112. Noninvasive Treatments for Low Back Pain: A Summary of the Research for Adults (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/back-pain-treatment_consumer.pdf
     November 01, 2016 - * Your health care professional may include your primary care doctor, nurse practitioner, physician … Muscle Relaxants Examples include baclofen (Lioresal®), carisoprodol (Soma®), and cyclobenzaprine ( … Opioids Examples include tramadol, hydrocodone, hydromorphone, morphine, and oxycodone ��A type of … Symptoms include shivering, diarrhea, fever, seizures, and stiff muscles. … Symptoms include shivering, diarrhea, fever, seizures, and stiff muscles. 7 DRAFT: CONFIDENTIAL - For

113. Research Protocol (Amended): Treatment of Acute Pain--An Evidence Map (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/acute-pain-protocol-amended.pdf
     June 10, 2018 - Examples include the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and the Faces Pain Scale … Our assessment of sufficient quality will be guided by AMSTAR II.25 The review must include a systematic … Likely variables include acute pain category, acute pain condition, population, number of systematic … AMSTAR 2: a critical appraisal tool for systematic reviews that include randomised or non-randomised … They may include clinical experts, patients, manufacturers, researchers, payers, or other perspectives

114. Covariate Selection for Observational Comparative Effectiveness Research
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/considerations-for-statistical-chapter-10.pptx
     January 01, 2013 - Guidance and considerations include information on how to describe the key variables of interest with … These strategies can include standard analytic strategies (e.g., traditional multivariable regression … Examples of correlated data include repeated measures on study subjects over time, patients selected … They include covariates that are true confounders or at least related to study outcome. … Guidance and considerations include information on how to describe the key variables of interest with

115. Smoking-Pregnancy-Infants Executive (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/smoking-pregnancy-infants_executive.pdf
     February 01, 2014 - anemia, preterm birth, chronic hypertension, and placenta previa.7-10 Health risks to the fetus include … Interventions include any behavioral, psychosocial, pharmacologic, or educational intervention intended … The review does not include public health initiatives or system-level smoking cessation research. … Studies were required to include a minimum of 20 participants with data in each study arm. … Methodologic and study design considerations for future research include— • Clear characterization

116. Disposition of Comments_Systematic Review_Evaluation of Dietary Protein and Amino Acid Requirements: A Systematic Review (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/dietary-protein-intake-disposition-comments.pdf
     November 22, 2024 - The introduction does not include reference to the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR … We have revised the Introduction section "Protein and Amino Acid Dietary Reference Intakes" to include … imprecise defined as “An imprecise estimate is one for which the confidence interval is wide enough to include … We have revised our conclusion to include older adults.

117. Healthcare Delivery of Clinical Preventive Services for People with Disabilities (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/people-with-disabilities-protocol.pdf
     January 16, 2024 - This may include choices to be referred to in person-first language verses identity-first language, … a Categories of barriers and facilitators may include but are not limited to: • Environment-level ( … We will include trials, observational studies, surveys, descriptive studies, and qualitative studies … We will exclude descriptive studies with no outcomes data or studies that include only data from one … Key Questions 2, 3, and 4, the tables will include risk of bias ratings.

118. Amended Protocol: Improving Rural Health Through Telehealth-Guided Provider-to-Provider Communication (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/rural-telehealth-amended-protocol.pdf
     February 25, 2021 - Health disparities for people living in rural areas are well studied1 and include higher mortality2- … We will include observational cohort studies, as well as before-after designs (i.e., the comparison … We will exclude descriptive studies with no outcomes data or studies that include only data from one … We will access existing systematic reviews, and include their results if appropriate. … “Low risk of bias” studies include clear descriptions of the population, setting, interventions, and

119. CER 216 Disposition of Comments Report: Telehealth for Acute and Chronic Care Consultations (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cer-216-telehealth-disposition-comments.pdf
     April 24, 2019 - The tables below include the responses by the authors of the review to each comment that was submitted … We did not include all p-values in the summary tables w ithin the report in an effort to summarize … I have listed key references below and recommend you include them in your synthesis of the community … Also, w hen the authors update and f inalize their report, w e recommend that they include the study … The authors did not include any systematic review s by design.

120. Psychosocial and Pharmacologic Interventions for Disruptive Behavior in Children and Adolescents (pdf file)
     effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/disruptive-behavior-disorders-protocol-amendment.pdf
     March 22, 2023 - Treatment of DBDs include psychosocial interventions (e.g., psychotherapy, psychosocial education) for … a component involving the parent are more effective than interventions that include only the child.14 … The present review is an update of AHRQ’s 2015 review to include more recently published evidence for … In response to public comments, we also adjusted the PICOTS table to include selective norepinephrine … We will include treatment studies in children with a formal diagnosis of a DBD, as well as, studies