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effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/incident-user-design/research 
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effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/incident-user-design_research.pdf May 01, 2012 - The Incident User 
Design in Comparative Effectiveness Research. … We also reviewed methods papers on the incident user design. … If the study used a 
180-day window to define incident users, he would appear to be an incident user, … The Incident User Design Complements Propensity  
Score Analyses 
The incident user design results in … When they compared incident statin users to incident users of 
other lipid-lowering drugs (i.e., active 
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effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/effect-dietary-digestible-executive-summary.pdf March 01, 2025 - The risk of incident coronary heart disease increased starting at 45 percent 
total energy intake. … The risk of incident coronary heart disease increased starting at 250 
grams per day of carbohydrates … • The association between carbohydrate intake and incident type 2 diabetes (T2D) 
was nonlinear and … Type 2 Diabetes and Gestational Diabetes 
No study evaluated incident gestational diabetes. … Eleven studies with 429,101 
participants evaluated incident T2D. 
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effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cer-218-osteoporosis-fracture-prevention-evidence-summary.pdf April 01, 2019 - [95% CI 0.51, 0.85]) (moderate SOE) 
and incident clinical vertebral fractures (HR 
0.41 [95% CI 0.22 … In women 
with unknown osteoporosis or osteopenia status, 
incident clinical fractures (high SOE) and … incident 
hip fractures (moderate SOE) both were reduced 
with hormone therapy compared to placebo, … However, these trials collectively suggested a 
reduction in incident vertebral fractures. … Second, only two 
trials were designed with incident fracture as the 
primary outcome. 
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effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/research-protocol-osteoporosis_2.pdf October 05, 2018 - fractures and harms, and 
predict the effect of drug holidays on risk for incident fractures. … • Predictors of of osteoporosis drug treatment holidays on incident fractures and harms. … clinical fractures, incident radiographic vertebral fractures, change in BMD, 
then harms). … clinical fracture (any skeletal site), incident hip 
fracture, incident nonhip nonvertebral fracture … , incident MOF, and incident radiographic 
vertebral fractures. 
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effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/diabetes-foot-ulcer-amputation-incidence_research.pdf January 01, 2011 - mortality rate for Medicare 
Parts A and B fee-for-service beneficia-
ries with diabetes who have an incident … diabetic foot ulcer is about 11%; for 
those with an incident lower extremity 
amputation, about 22% … As expected, those with a 
prevalent foot ulcer were more likely to 
have an incident LEA. … The rate of death among dia-
betic Medicare FFS beneficiaries with an 
incident diabetic foot ulcer ( … Mortality Among Diabetic Medicare FFS Population
Variable With Incident Foot Ulcer With Incident LEA 
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effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cer-218-osteoporosis-disposition-comments.pdf April 23, 2019 - < 1.8, there w as no 
difference betw een denosumab therapy for 4 years versus 
placebo in risk for incident … we agree with the reviewer that the 
statement ’low strength evidence for no difference in 
risk of incident … The "harm" of an incident 
osteoporotic fracture during a drug holiday is not really 
discussed. … However, the effect of continued versus 
discontinued alendronate on risk of incident clinical 
vertebral … However, the effect of continued versus 
discontinued alendronate on risk of incident clinical 
vertebral 
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effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/s131.pdf October 01, 2007 - Mixed Prevalent and Incident User Cohorts
1. … Cohort 1—Incident Statin Users and Nonusers
Cohort 1a—Incident statin users and nonusers matched on … Cohort 2—Incident Statin Users and Incident
Glaucoma Medication Users
We replaced the nonuser comparator … 20,067 784 0.039 0.56 0.78 0.79 0.70–0.88
3) PS trimmed incident statin users versus incident glaucoma … to an
incident user cohort to study that question. 
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effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/copd-management_research.pdf December 01, 2009 - Patients were defined as incident cases if they used VA healthcare services for 
two years prior to FY2003 … 0.012 69.0 71.4 <0.001 70.3 70.3 0.167 
Male, % 94.7 96.6 0.001 91.5 94.0 0.001 89.7 92.8 0.001 
Incident … * 70.5 70.5  71.0 70.8  71.5 71.3  
Male, % 97.7 98.6  98.0 98.7  98.0 98.7  98.1 98.8  98.4 98.6  
Incident … 69.8 69.6  68.9 69.2  68.4 68.2  
Male, % 97.4 98.2  98.6 98.6  97.5 98.3  97.6 97.7  98.2 98.4  
Incident … 71.3 72.2  73.2 72.9  74.3 74.4  
Male, % 93.9 94.9  95.6 96.6  97.1 98.5  97.1 98.2  97.9 98.4  
Incident 
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effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/decide16final-mortality-risk-in-copd-pts-using-theophylline.pdf December 01, 2009 - Patients were defined as incident cases if they used VA healthcare services for 
two years prior to FY2003 … 0.012 69.0 71.4 <0.001 70.3 70.3 0.167 
Male, % 94.7 96.6 0.001 91.5 94.0 0.001 89.7 92.8 0.001 
Incident … * 70.5 70.5  71.0 70.8  71.5 71.3  
Male, % 97.7 98.6  98.0 98.7  98.0 98.7  98.1 98.8  98.4 98.6  
Incident … 69.8 69.6  68.9 69.2  68.4 68.2  
Male, % 97.4 98.2  98.6 98.6  97.5 98.3  97.6 97.7  98.2 98.4  
Incident … 71.3 72.2  73.2 72.9  74.3 74.4  
Male, % 93.9 94.9  95.6 96.6  97.1 98.5  97.1 98.2  97.9 98.4  
Incident 
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effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/cer-243-prehospital-airway-management-evidence-summary_0.pdf June 01, 2021 - supported by low or 
moderate SOE (see Table A): 
o Survival measured in-hospital or at 1-month post incident … Performance Category 
(CPC), Pediatric CPC, or modified Rankin Scale (mRS) in-hospital or at 1-
month post incident … results 
for Key Questions 1, 2, and 3 for the outcomes of survival in-hospital or at 1-month post 
incident … , neurological function at discharge or at 1-month post incident, ROSC, and first-
pass and overall success 
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effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/fatty-acids-cardiovascular-disease_executive.pdf August 01, 2016 - The third study found no significant association 
overall with incident hypertension, but did find a … Two studies, each, found no 
significant associations between EPA intake and incident 
CHD (although … Three studies of healthy 
adults evaluated incident CHD. … One study found a significant association between 
erythrocyte EPA and incident hypertension. … One study evaluated incident hypertension and found a 
significant association of higher erythrocyte 
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effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/diagnostic-error-executive-summary.pdf August 01, 2023 - Similar findings were seen in 
incident report data. … for Key Question 1 relied 
heavily on two large studies (one of medical malpractice claims, the other incident … are clear biases in malpractice claims, there was a high degree of 
concordance between claims and incident … Diagnostic error in the emergency 
department: learning from national patient 
safety incident report 
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effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/kidney-stones-protocol.pdf September 24, 2024 - • Outcomes: Patient-centered health outcomes: Incident symptomatic stones, urinary tract 
obstruction … Intermediate outcomes: Growth of existing 
stones, incident radiographic stones, radiation exposure, … Category Include Exclude 
Outcomes  All KQs: Patient-centered health outcomes: Incident 
symptomatic … Intermediate outcomes: Growth of existing stones, 
incident radiographic stones, radiation exposure, … For trials and NRSIs, we will synthesize dichotomous outcomes (e.g., incident stones, urinary 
tract 
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effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/cognitive-decline_research-protocol.pdf March 22, 2016 - Healthcare Research and 
Quality (AHRQ) systematic review.10 Several risk factors are correlated with incident … potentially substantial time gap between the intervention and the incident … aimed at 
preventing, delaying, or 
slowing  the  development 
of age-related  cognitive  
decline, incident … Final health  or patient-
centered  outcomes: 
normal cognition, age-
related  cognitive  decline, 
incident … side 
effects, Psychological, 
Financial, Physical 
Final health  or patient-
centered  outcomes: 
Incident 
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effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/ems-911-workforce-mental-health-protocol-amendment.pdf January 22, 2024 - Interventions that aim to improve resistance include pre-
incident preventive interventions (primary … psychological first aid typically administered during and shortly after a 
potentially distressing incident … Abbreviations: CISM = critical incident stress management, EAP = employee assistance program, EMS = Emergency … debriefing[tiab] OR “crisis intervention”[mh] OR “critical incident stress debriefing” [tiab:~1] OR … “critical incident stress management”[tiab] 11,091 
 
 
19  
27. 
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effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/data-points_2_diabetic-foot-ulcers_data_02-2011.pdf January 01, 2011 - Breakdown Category Year 
Incidence of LEA 
Rate of Incident LEA Among Enrolled 
Diabetic Population … 2007 4.4% 
Black 2007 7.8% 
Other 2007 6.1% 
Breakdown Category Year 
Incidence of LEA 
Rate of Incident … A and B Fee-for-Service (FFS) Population, Diabetic Foot 
Ulcer (DFU) Prevalent Population, and DFU Incident … Year 
Mortality Rate 
In Enrolled 
Diabetic 
Population 
In DFU 
Prevalent 
Population 
In DFU 
Incident … B Fee-for-Service (FFS) Population, Lower 
Extremity Amputation (LEA) Prevalent Population, and LEA Incident 
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effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/web-based_osheroff_respondent.pdf January 01, 2009 - ”	
  	
  
• Needs	
  assessment:	
  interviews	
  (critical	
  incident),	
  surveys,	
  prototyping 
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effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/it-architecture-for-post-marketing-surveillance-arizona-cert.pdf September 01, 2007 - Immunity: A key barrier to adoption of an incident reporting system is the fear of reprisal or a 
lack … As such, immunity to the 
greatest extent possible is important for successful adoption of an incident … IT Architecture for Post-Marketing Surveillance 
 
20 
Feedback: Feedback to incident reporters and … all participating stakeholders is necessary for 
successful adoption and implementation of an incident … Leadership: Continued leadership is necessary to maintain and manage an incident reporting 
system and 
- 
                                        
effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/medicine-safety-call-center_research.pdf September 01, 2007 - Immunity: A key barrier to adoption of an incident reporting system is the fear of reprisal or a 
lack … As such, immunity to the 
greatest extent possible is important for successful adoption of an incident … IT Architecture for Post-Marketing Surveillance 
 
20 
Feedback: Feedback to incident reporters and … all participating stakeholders is necessary for 
successful adoption and implementation of an incident … Leadership: Continued leadership is necessary to maintain and manage an incident reporting 
system and