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Showing results for "how to do a case study".

81. Screening for HIV: A Review of the Evidence for the U.S. Preventive Preventive Services Task Force (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/3qpQqeeozW8nV3a4_BWntp
    June 20, 2019 - c) How well do interventions reduce the rate of viremia, improve CD4 counts, or reduce risky behaviors … Ten percent to 44% of tested patients do not have a post-test counseling session or fail to return for … A substantial proportion of HIV-positive patients do not receive or decline care. … The elimination of anonymous HIV testing: a case study in North Carolina. … Do AN, Hanson DL, Dworkin MS, Jones JL.

82. Screening for Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Adults: A Systematic Review for the USPSTF (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/ZrLh7o2TpPpY9WXXWbXbGk
    January 01, 2013 - and a number needed to screen to identify 1 case of HCV infection of 2.4 (Table 2) (41). … One study found screening patients with positive findings in 3 do- mains (medical, exposure, or social … and conclusions in this document are those of the authors, who are responsible for its content, and do … Disclosures can also be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms .do? … Outpatient liver biopsy: how safe is it? [Editorial]. Ann Intern Med. 1993;118:150-3.

83. Screening for Genital Herpes Simplex: A Brief Update (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/ZzZp7_aoJn73k9z25w_-qr
    March 01, 2005 - Unlike protective antibodies to other viruses, antibodies to HSV do not prevent local recurrences. … of genital herpes, but whose partners do have a positive history, to use condoms or abstain from intercourse … How effective are interventions in reducing neonatal infection and complications? 6. … How effective are interventions in reducing neonatal infection and complications? … However, data from reported cases do not represent a sufficient sample size for reaching reliable and

84. Final Research Plan: Latent Tuberculosis Infection in Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/latent-tuberculosis-infection-screening
    June 17, 2021 - Share to Facebook Share to X Share to WhatsApp Share to Email … Do these harms differ by screening method or strategy? 4b. Do these harms differ by population? 5. … How do the tools incorporate race and ethnicity? … KQs 3, 5: Asymptomatic adults with confirmed LTBI (e.g., with a positive TST and without symptoms or … Latent Tuberculosis Infection: A Guide for Primary Health Care Providers. Published 2020.

85. Archived: C-Reactive Protein as a Risk Factor for Coronary Heart Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analyses for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force: Coronary Heart Disease: Screening Using Non-Traditional Risk Factors | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/c-reactive-protein-as-a-risk-factor-for-coronary-heart-disease-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analyses-for-the-us-preventive-services-task-force/coronary-heart-disease-screening-using-non-traditional-risk-factors-2009
    July 15, 2008 - for most of the excess risk for incident coronary heart disease (CHD). 2-3 However, these factors do … addition, because the investigators used broad inclusion criteria, the studies in these meta-analyses do … could not assess how well risk ratios derived from the entire population apply to intermediate-risk participants … , or how those participants would be reclassified if CRP were used. … However, their results are imprecise and their estimates are group averages, so they do not show how

86. Use of Decision Models in the Development of Evidence-Based Clinical Preventive Services Recommendations | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/about-uspstf/methods-and-processes/use-decision-models-development-evidence-based-clinical-preventive-services-recommendations
    May 01, 2019 - In addressing how to incorporate modeling results, the USPSTF assesses how well the model captures both … Adding decision models to systematic reviews: informing a framework for deciding when and how to do so … How do the efficacy and effectiveness of treatments compare in community settings? 5. … a. How similar are people diagnosed clinically to those diagnosed by screening?     b. … What are the potential harms, and how often do they Figure 2.

87. Screening for Osteoporosis: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/pskqLZMFcHjhtEF75uG4AP
    January 01, 2012 - adults in the gen- eral U.S. population who do not have a history of an osteo- porotic fracture, osteoporosis … Cli- nicians should educate patients on how to use drug thera- pies to minimize adverse effects. … Research is needed to test the effectiveness of drug therapies for osteo- porosis in men who do not have … Osteonecrosis of the jaw has been associated with bisphosphonates in case reports, but this condition … Case reports also have described severe mus- culoskeletal symptoms associated with all of the bisphos

88. Archived: Evidence Summary: Osteoporosis: Screening 2011 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary6/osteoporosis-screening-2011
    July 06, 2010 - Case reports of severe musculoskeletal pain that may be reversible after discontinuing the medication … The FDA has recently highlighted case reports of esophageal cancer and severe musculoskeletal pain. … Osteonecrosis of the jaw A report from the FDA described 151 case reports of osteonecrosis of the jaw … 3b) "How well do peripheral bone measurement tests predict fractures?" … KQ6: Treatment Harms:    Bisphosphonates: 21 studies, including case reports.    

89. Archived: Evidence Summary: Screening for Dyslipidemia in Younger Adults: Statin Use for the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Adults: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary-dyslipidemia/statin-use-in-adults-preventive-medication-november-2016
    November 13, 2016 - Data Extraction: The plan was for 1 investigator to abstract data and a second to check their accuracy … Some guidelines recommend screening starting at age 20 years; others do not recommend screening until … time in younger adults; 25 , 26 however, no study evaluated how lipid levels change according to different … (estimated at 1 in 500 persons) and that even among this population, most (85% to 90%) do not experience … The views expressed here do not represent and should not be construed to represent a determination or

90. Estimation of Benefits, Burden, and Harms of Colorectal Cancer Screening Strategies: Modeling Study for the USPSTF (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/vw-LTWCTZ_N5pAaydcNQTx
    June 21, 2016 - The effect of screening depends on the test performed; its sensitivity and specificity; how frequently … f It was assumed that 1-5 mm adenomas do not bleed and therefore cannot cause a positive stool test. … Those with a positive stool test result are referred for a diagnostic colonoscopy and do not have SIG … Ad- ditional studies with multiple rounds of screening are needed to in- form whether and how test performance … How much colonoscopy screening should be recommended to individuals with various degrees of family history

91. Folic Acid Supplementation for the Prevention of Neural Tube Defects: Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/7Y97fjKqmNzNorxTWUcyZK
    January 10, 2017 - However, most women do not receive the recommended daily intake of folate from diet alone. … (NHANES) data from 2003 to 2006 suggest that 75% of non- pregnant women aged 15 to 44 years do not consume … The USPSTF found inadequate evidence on how the benefits of folic acid supplementation may vary by dosage … However, most women do not receive the recommended daily intake of folate from diet alone. … daily supplement containing 0.4 to 0.8 mg (400-800 μg) of folic acid.8 How Does Evidence Fit With Biological

92. Aspirin for the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease and Colorectal Cancer: A Decision Analysis for the USPSTF (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/_SfjkGNHBnLqn8ySe7kAdg
    April 01, 2016 - For women aged 50 to 59 years with a 10-year CVD risk of 1% and both sexes aged 60 to 69 years with a … Our pri- mary results do not find overall benefits to outweigh harms for persons in their 70s with a … Aspirin primary prevention trials do not show a difference in GI bleeding mortality, but this may be … Better estimates of how age, sex, aspirin, and other possible risk factors interact to affect GI bleeding … Disclaimer: The views expressed in this article do not repre- sent and should not be construed to represent

93. Archived: Gestational Diabetes: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/gestational-diabetes-screening-2008
    May 15, 2008 - test results do not meet current diagnostic criteria for GDM. … how often this occurs. … This was due to a lack of studies of screening with a sufficient number of participants to permit evaluation … How Does Evidence Fit with Biological Understanding? … Gestational diabetes: do lean young Caucasian women need to be tested?

94. Final Research Plan: Enhanced Risk Assessment for Cardiovascular Disease: Coronary Artery Calcium Scoring | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/cardiovascular-disease-enhanced-risk-assessment-non-traditional-risk-factors
    September 26, 2024 - How do 10-year risk scores compare between the two models? … We will also include a contextual question to explore limitations of existing cardiovascular disease … A draft of this Research Plan was posted for public comment on the U.S. … In response to public comments, we have excluded the ankle brachial index (ABI) as a risk enhancing marker … Instead, the clinical utility of ABI will be evaluated as a screening test in a separate future topic

95. Archived: Depression in Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/depression-in-adults-screening-2009
    December 15, 2009 - Grade: B Do not routinely screen when staff-assisted depression care supports * are not in place … The USPSTF found fair evidence that screening and feedback alone without staff-assisted care supports do … detect most depressed patients and, in some cases, do better than the original instrument from which … How effective are psychotherapeutic and other psychosocial interventions with older adults? … SSRIs and upper gastrointestinal bleeding: what is known and how should it influence prescribing?

96. Archived: Final Evidence Summary: Skin Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary46/skin-cancer-screening-2009
    February 15, 2009 - The authors defined skin awareness as a positive response to "Did you ever think about your skin, how … A recent systematic review 9 using pictures of lesions reported a sensitivity that ranged from 42% to … The same systematic review reported a sensitivity of 70% to 91% and a specificity of 51% to 87% for appropriateness … dermatologist to screening by a primary care clinician. … However, the retrospective studies do not report whether the lesions were detected during a screening

97. Screening for Skin Cancer: An Update of the Evidence (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/LgBN7_z7hqynt6BRzUUYA-
    February 01, 2009 - your skin, how it looked, whether there were any changes, or whether there were any abnormal marks … to 100% and a specificity of 98%. … The same systematic review reported a sensitivity of 70% to 91% and a specificity of 51% to 87% for … dermatologist to screening by a primary care clinician. … However, the retrospective studies do not report whether the lesions were detected during a screening

98. Evidence Summary: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-screening
    May 10, 2022 - Study Selection: English-language studies of screening in individuals who do not recognize or report … against screening for COPD in asymptomatic adults (defined as individuals who do not recognize or report … suggest a clinically meaningful benefit in persons considered to be most applicable to a screen-detected … While no consistent benefit was seen among these trials it is unclear if and how small sample sizes, … The opinions expressed in this document are those of the authors and do not reflect the official position

99. Screening for Prostate Cancer: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/zYdjLaTCTBVUwgJTnzpVXr
    May 08, 2018 - Clinicians should not screen men who do not express a preference for screening. … Clini- cians should not screen men who do not express a preference for screening (C recommendation) ( … Clinicians should not screen men who do not express a preference for screening and should not routinely … national priority • How to better inform men with a family history of prostate can- cer about the benefits … to refine active prostate cancer treatments to minimize harms • How to better understand patient values

100. Chemo and Couns/2nd instal (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/-hnLT26c2NHs6thK9yznPF
     July 01, 2002 - populations; or (b) the differences in trial results are attributable to differences in how the trials … Second, we need to learn how best to use tamoxifen and raloxifene. … harmed, and better ways to counsel them about the effects of chemoprevention.69,70 How many eligible … Progesterone and estrogen receptors and mammary neoplasia in the Iowa Women’s Health Study: how many … Farther to the right is a “treatment” arrow, leading to a box labeled “health outcomes,” which includes