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Showing results for "how to do a case study".

121. Benefits and Harms of Prostate-Specific Antigen Screening for Prostate Cancer: An Evidence Update (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/NhXnjZM5ubvygH5GrqDZHC
     August 01, 2008 - Two poor-quality RCTs with important flaws in de- sign and analysis (Table 1) do not show a mortality … did not report information on the comparability of the groups, crossovers from the control group, or how … monitoring studies of highly selected older men with PSA-detected, nonpalpable, localized prostate cancer do … experiments III: Opinions of respected authorities, based on clinical experience; descriptive studies or case … reports; reports of expert committees Design-specific criteria and quality category definitions Systematic

122. Lsbrgfwsvekvzhcxwjtuxv (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/LSbrGFWSvekVzhcxwjTuXv
     February 01, 2016 - cancer mortality, all-cause mor- tality, and advanced breast cancer for women at aver- age risk; and how … A meta- analysis indicated a combined RR of 0.80 (CI, 0.51 to 1.28) (3 trials [26]). … tri- als, recognizing that these definitions do not represent equivalent disease stages (Appendix Table … on how cases were accrued in trials. … and conclusions in this document are those of the authors, who are responsible for its content, and do

123. Screening for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/9K4QQKvhXZNJLCxNX3FkZm
     May 01, 2008 - harm to the fetus that clearly could relate to gestational diabetes treatment; how- ever, most treatments … how often this occurs. … This was due to a lack of studies of screening with a sufficient number of participants to permit evaluation … How Does Evidence Fit with Biological Understanding? … Gestational diabetes: do lean young caucasian women need to be tested?

124. Behavioral Counseling to Promote Physical Activity and a Healthful Diet to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease in Adults: A Systematic Review for the USPSTF (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/bF5BNLvASN5r9EnP3VTJPN
     December 01, 2010 - Background: Poor diet and lack of physical activity can worsen cardiovascular health, yet most Americans do … How- ever, epidemiologic data suggest that even changes as small as 2 mm Hg in systolic blood pressure … How- ever, it is unclear whether smaller reductions in total cholesterol level due to dietary changes … More trials with longer-term follow-up are crucial to understanding how to maintain behavioral change … By how much and how quickly does reduction in serum cholesterol concentration lower risk of ischaemic

125. Screening for Dementia in Primary Care: A Summary of the Evidence (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/B_Ae7DdLL7DNauBLXC-ptu
     June 01, 2003 - How Common Is Undiagnosed Dementia? … How Effective Are Pharmacologic Interventions for People with Mild to Moderate Dementia? … this treatment, and by how much. … and by how much. … How common is undiagnosed dementia? 3. How accurate are the screening tests? 4.

126. Final Recommendation Statement: Breast Cancer: Medication Use to Reduce Risk | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/RecommendationStatementFinal/breast-cancer-medications-for-risk-reduction
     September 03, 2019 - Aromatase inhibitors do not reduce, and may even increase, risk of fractures. … Aromatase inhibitors do not reduce, and may even increase, risk of fractures. … Some examples are provided to help clinicians understand how to consider these risk factors, but these … How Does Evidence Fit With Biological Understanding? … What can I do to reduce my risk of breast cancer? CDC website.

127. Archived: Final Evidence Summary: Depression in Children and Adolescents: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary21/depression-in-children-and-adolescents-screening-2009
     March 15, 2009 - Thus, careful consideration must be given to how closely a patient will be able to be monitored, either … Do antidepressants precipitate youth suicide? A nationwide pharmacoepidemiological study. … Preventive services in a health maintenance organization: how well do pediatricians screen and educate … Do antidepressants cause suicidality in children? A Bayesian meta-analysis. … reports; reports of expert committees Return to Table of Contents Appendix 5.

128. Medication Use to Reduce Risk of Breast Cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/3Kwu7j_WfCFQSnSzqrDWwt
     June 20, 2019 - Aromatase inhibi- tors do not reduce, and may even increase, risk of fractures. … better understand how medications may reduce risk in these women. … Some examples are provided to help clinicians understand how to con- sider these risk factors, but these … How Does Evidence Fit With Biological Understanding? … What can I do to reduce my risk of breast cancer?

129. Archived: Evidence Summary: Harms of Screening for Breast Cancer: Breast Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary-harms-of-screening-for-breast-cancer/breast-cancer-screening-january-2016
     January 11, 2016 - screening; and how all of these considerations vary depending on a woman's risk for breast cancer. … Although many women have pain during mammography, the proportion of those who do not attend subsequent … Additional efforts to reduce false-positive results and improve how they are communicated and to recognize … False positive results do not have a negative effect on reattendance for subsequent breast screening. … 0.98) in 1 study Fair Unclear how study quality was used to formulate conclusions; did not describe

130. Screening for Syphilis: A Brief Update (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/USPSTF_Admin/Home/GetFile/1/996/syphilup/pdf
     July 01, 2004 - infectious syphilis because of unavailability of confirmatory tests.6 Also, nationally reported data do … A retrospective cohort analysis evaluated how placental pathology may contribute to the diagnosis of … However, there is a lack of data about how to identify high-risk groups. … a lack of well-designed trials to support this. … New studies do not contradict this evidence. References 1. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force.

131. USPSTF Clinician Summary of USPSTF Recommendation: Screening for Skin Cancer (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/rPyJKLWYZhmQ-Cc4pe2oMJ
     April 01, 2023 - I Statement For adolescents and adults who do not have signs or symptoms of skin cancer: The USPSTF … examination by a clinician to screen for skin cancer. … • This recommendation applies to adolescents and adults who do not have signs or symptoms of skin cancer … • It does not apply to persons with a personal or family history of skin cancer. … How to implement this recommendation?

132. Archived: Breast Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/breast-cancer-screening-january-2016
     January 11, 2016 - women aged ≥40 y who do not have preexisting breast cancer or a previously diagnosed high-risk breast … Often to Screen Once a woman has decided to begin screening, the next decision is how often to undergo … best screening strategy is for women or how clinicians can best tailor that strategy to the individual … differ in how they prioritize them. … and how to distinguish overdiagnosed cancer from cancer that is likely to progress, as well as to reduce

133. Archived: Cervical Cancer: Screening, 1996 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/cervical-cancer-screening-1996
     January 01, 1996 - substantial proportion of CIN-1 lesions do not progress to invasive disease or may regress spontaneously … spatula, to sample the ectocervix, and a cotton swab, to obtain endocervical cells. … However, the natural history of how HPV infection progresses to cancer is poorly understood. 56 One … Elderly women do not appear to benefit from Pap testing if repeated cervical smears have consistently … Women who have undergone a hysterectomy in which the cervix was removed do not require Pap testing, unless

134. Overview of Prostate Cancer Screening Decision Models: A Contextual Review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/vTHBrY6VuqjoouJvUmtkr4
     May 01, 2018 - do not exist. … and details on how to consider model data in order to understand overdiagnosis and other questions … A number of modeling studies directly address how different screening strategies affect overdiagnoses … The primary aim of the modeling study was to develop a conceptual framework for determining how to screen … in AAs or those with a family history of (or genetic predisposition to) prostate cancer do not exist

135. Archived: Suicide Risk: Screening, 1996 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/suicide-risk-screening-1996
     January 01, 1996 - abuse, recent life event such as death or divorce), the majority of patients with these characteristics do … studies to demonstrate significant reduction in suicide rates as a result of a specific intervention … information, however, on how the physician can best identify persons who require nonlethal quantities … Several screening instruments have been developed to identify risk factors, but these do not accurately … Development of a clinical instrument to estimate suicide risk.

136. Overview of Prostate Cancer Screening Decision Models: A Contextual Review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/Home/GetFile/1/16813/prostate-cancer-models-overview/pdf
     May 01, 2018 - do not exist. … and details on how to consider model data in order to understand overdiagnosis and other questions … A number of modeling studies directly address how different screening strategies affect overdiagnoses … The primary aim of the modeling study was to develop a conceptual framework for determining how to screen … in AAs or those with a family history of (or genetic predisposition to) prostate cancer do not exist

137. Use of Decision Models in the Development of Evidence-Based Clinical Preventive Services Recommendations (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/sites/default/files/inline-files/decision-modeling-for-uspstf_0.pdf
     July 01, 2016 - How do the efficacy and effectiveness of treatments compare in community settings? 5. … a. How similar are people diagnosed clinically to those diagnosed by screening? b. … What are the potential harms, and how often do they occur? 8. … into the models, and modeling teams may need to do their own literature review. … Adding decision models to systematic reviews: informing a framework for deciding when and how to do so

138. Archived: Evidence Summary: Lipid Disorders in Adults (Cholesterol, Dyslipidemia): Screening, 2001 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/lipid-disorders-in-adults-cholesterol-dyslipidemia-screening-2001
     April 09, 2001 - They do not appear to have a large effect on lipid levels, although some studies employing rigorous activity … Harms of drug therapy do not appear to be increased. 70 However, formulas to calculate CHD risk 7 , … Identifying adults at increased risk of coronary disease: how well do the current cholesterol guidelines … Psychologic effects of the diagnosis and treatment of hypercholesterolemia: lessons from case studies … By how much and how quickly does reduction in serum cholesterol concentration lower risk of ischaemic

139. PII: S0749-3797(01)00255-0 (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/yw_rbA_nQrCnkaN8X5t56S
     January 01, 2001 - They do not appear to have a large effect on lipid levels, although some studies employing rigorous activity … Harms of drug therapy do not appear to be increased.70 However, formulas to calculate CHD risk7,32 have … Identifying adults at increased risk of coronary disease: how well do the current cholesterol guidelines … Psychologic effects of the diagnosis and treatment of hypercho- lesterolemia: lessons from case studies … By how much and how quickly does reduction in serum cholesterol concentration lower risk of ischaemic

140. Screening for Colorectal Cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/2Wc3FRHpVDPX2jT_WzjEXX
     July 31, 2020 - How to implement this recommendation? … These considerations have implications for how fea- sible and preferable a given screening test is for … stool samples,32 while FIT and sDNA-FIT33,34 do not. … to provide infor- mation from comparative modeling on how estimated life-years gained, colorectal cancer … The AAFP’s recommendations do not address screening be- fore age 50 years.