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1. Archived: Published Comment - Will Recommendations against Spirometry Make Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Harder to Treat?: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
   www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/published-comment---will-recommendations-against-spirometry-make-chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-harder-to-treat/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-copd-screening-2008
   November 15, 2008 - confirmatory tests in patients hospitalized with the diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or congestive … heart failure. … Vital epidemiologic clues in heart failure. J Clin Epidemiol 2000;53:229-35.

2. ahrq12a_Summary_HBP.qxd (pdf file)
   www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/BXkaHRFGjwUCoyANeMSuTz
   January 01, 2010 - Patients with hypertension have 2 to 4 times more risk for stroke, myocardial infarction, heart failure … heart failure Specific treatment Assess for secondary cause (1) Screen *Treatments Diet (Sodium … heart failure by 86% (odds ratio [OR] 0.14; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.05 to 0.41) (31). … The numbers needed to treat (NNT) over 5 years ranged from 200 to 400 to prevent 1 congestive heart failure … heart failure (OR 0.54; 95% CI 0.43 to 0.68)(31).

3. Archived: High Blood Pressure in Adults, Children, and Adolescents: Screening, 2003 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
   www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/high-blood-pressure-adults-children-adolescents-screening-2003
   April 01, 2003 - One study showed that the 50% reduction in heart failure among patients receiving chlorthalidone compared … medications in adults with severe (Stage 3) hypertension suggest that treatment reduces the odds of congestive … heart failure by 86%. 21 Among patients with mild to moderate elevations in blood pressure (Stages … in total mortality, including reductions in CVD death, stroke, coronary artery disease events, and congestive … heart failure.

4. Archived: Evidence Summary: High Blood Pressure in Adults, Children, and Adolescents: Screening, 2003 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
   www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/high-blood-pressure-adults-children-adolescents-screening-2003
   April 01, 2003 - risk for stroke, myocardial infarction, heart failure, and peripheral vascular disease than patients … heart failure by 86 percent (odds ratio [OR] 0.14; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.05 to 0.41). 31 Because … The numbers needed to treat (NNT) over 5 years ranged from 200 to 400 to prevent 1 congestive heart failure … heart failure (OR 0.54; 95% CI 0.43 to 0.68). 31 The numbers needed to treat over 5 years ranged from … failure, and stroke.

5. Archived: Final Research Plan: Abnormal Blood Glucose and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
   www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan16/screening-for-abnormal-blood-glucose-and-type-2-diabetes-october-2015
   August 15, 2013 - framework, specifically mortality, cardiovascular morbidity (including myocardial infarction, stroke, and congestive … heart failure), chronic kidney disease, amputations, skin ulcers, visual impairment (including blindness … Outcomes KQs 1, 3, 5: Mortality, cardiovascular morbidity (including myocardial infarction, stroke, congestive … heart failure), chronic kidney disease, amputations, skin ulcers, visual impairment (including blindness

6. Archived: Hypertension: Screening, 1996 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
   www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/hypertension-screening-1996
   January 01, 1996 - in blacks and older adults.[[1a]] Hypertension is a leading risk factor for coronary heart disease, congestive … heart failure, stroke, ruptured aortic aneurysm, renal disease, and retinopathy. … heart failure, aortic rupture, or stroke. 6-9 There are no population data available for estimating … heart failure) after treatment with antihypertensive medication. 34 Persons with mild (Stage 1) to … heart failure, aortic rupture, or stroke occur. 6-9 Prognosis with early surgical intervention is improved

7. doi:10.1016/S0749-3797(03)00122-3 (pdf file)
   www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/hWzpnYXDpQzUr8U_5xY6qS
   January 01, 2003 - One study showed that the 50% reduction in heart failure among patients receiv- ing chlorthalidone compared … medications in adults with severe (Stage 3) hypertension suggest that treatment reduces the odds of congestive … heart failure by 86%.21 Among patients with mild to moderate elevations in blood pressure (Stages 1 … in total mortality, including reductions in CVD death, stroke, coronary artery disease events, and congestive … heart failure.

8. Final Research Plan: Enhanced Risk Assessment for Cardiovascular Disease: Coronary Artery Calcium Scoring | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
   www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/cardiovascular-disease-enhanced-risk-assessment-non-traditional-risk-factors
   September 26, 2024 - disease, including coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and peripheral artery disease Heart … failure Risk Factors CAC score   Populations Adults without known cardiovascular disease … 3 only) KQs 4, 5: Usual care, no treatment, or placebo Models predicting mortality only or heart … failure only Outcomes KQs 1, 4: Cardiovascular disease events (e.g., myocardial infarction

9. Draft Research Plan: Enhanced Risk Assessment for Cardiovascular Disease: Coronary Artery Calcium Scoring | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
   www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/draft-research-plan/cardiovascular-disease-enhanced-risk-assessment-non-traditional-risk-factors
   April 25, 2024 - disease, including coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and peripheral artery disease Heart … failure Risk Factors CAC score ABI   Populations Adults without known cardiovascular … 3 only) KQs 4, 5: Usual care, no treatment, or placebo Models predicting mortality only or heart … failure only Outcomes KQs 1, 4: CVD events (e.g., myocardial infarction, stroke) and mortality

10. Individualizing Cancer Screening in Older Adults | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/about-uspstf/methods-and-processes/individualizing-cancer-screening-older-adults
    March 01, 2021 - B is a 74-year-old woman with congestive heart failure and Parkinson's disease. … B tolerate lumpectomy and hormone therapy in light of her congestive heart failure and Parkinson's disease … Outcomes of acute exacerbation of severe congestive heart failure: quality of life, resource use, and

11. Archived: Final Research Plan: High Blood Pressure in Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan6/high-blood-pressure-in-adults-screening-monitoring-october-2015
    September 15, 2013 - pressure monitoring; BP = blood pressure; CHD = coronary heart disease; CVD = cardiovascular disease; HF = heart … failure; ESKD = end-stage kidney disease; HBPM = home blood pressure monitoring. … failure or weight loss Population KQs 1, 2, 5:  Adults age 18 years or older KQ 3 … and nonfatal cardiovascular events, including: myocardial infarction, sudden cardiac death, stroke, heart … failure, hospitalization for coronary heart disease, atrial fibrillation, transient ischemic attack;

12. Final Research Plan: Hypertension in Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/hypertension-in-adults-screening
    October 04, 2018 - Abbreviations : BP = blood pressure; CVD = cardiovascular disease; ESRD = end-stage renal disease; HF = heart … failure; QoL = quality of life; PAD = peripheral artery disease. … cardiovascular) Cardiovascular disease events, including: myocardial infarction, sudden cardiac death, stroke, heart … failure, and hospitalization for coronary heart disease End-stage renal disease (i.e., kidney disease

13. Archived: High Blood Pressure in Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/high-blood-pressure-in-adults-screening-monitoring-october-2015
    October 12, 2015 - High blood pressure is a major contributing risk factor to heart failure, heart attack, stroke, and chronic … failure, and coronary heart disease events. … failure, and overall mortality. 42 In the absence of sufficient RCT data, expert opinion has been used … Uncontrolled hypertension is a risk factor for heart attack, stroke, and congestive heart failure and … CV = cardiovascular; HF = heart failure; HR = hazard ratio; MI = myocardial infarction.

14. Recommendation: Hypertension in Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/hypertension-in-adults-screening
    April 27, 2021 - Hypertension is a major contributing risk factor for heart failure, myocardial infarction, stroke, and … The benefits of treatment of hypertension in preventing important health outcomes such as stroke, heart … failure, and coronary heart disease events are well documented. 11 Treatment can include lifestyle … of follow-up, a 9% reduction in the number of hospital admissions for acute myocardial infarction, congestive … heart failure, or stroke was found; however, no difference in all-cause mortality was noted. 20 Although

15. Screening for Hypertension in Adults: US Preventive Services Task Force Reaffirmation Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/5P_7f2rbEquA-ZR-fJJfHK
    April 27, 2021 - Hypertension is a major con- tributing risk factor for heart failure, myocardial infarction, stroke, … Hypertension is a major contributing risk factor for heart failure, myocardial infarction, stroke, and … Treatment The benefits of treatment of hypertension in preventing important health outcomes such as stroke, heart … failure, and coronary heart disease events are well documented.11 Treatment can include life- style

16. Aspirin Use for the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease and Colorectal Cancer: Clinical Summary (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/h-FnuqpAKFeMyTDcr_m9tS
    Aspirin Use for the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease and Colorectal Cancer: Clinical Summary Figure. Aspirin Use for the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease and Colorectal Cancer: Clinical Summary Population Adults aged 50 to 59 y with a ≥10% 10-y CVD risk Adults aged 60 to 69 y with a …

17. Draft Research Plan: Chronic Kidney Disease: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/draft-research-plan/chronic-kidney-disease-screening
    January 19, 2023 - Cardiovascular mortality Myocardial infarction (any, fatal, or nonfatal) Stroke (any, fatal, or nonfatal) Congestive … heart failure (hospitalization or death) Composite cardiovascular outcomes Quality of life Physical

18. Evidence for the Reaffirmation of the USPSTF Recommendaiton on Screening for High Blood Pressure (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/KSYrhQuAswGjTww_4sDFGZ
    December 01, 2007 - States, hypertension is responsible for 35% of myocardial infarc- tions and strokes, 49% of episodes of heart … failure, and 24% of premature deaths. … � adverse effect; BMI � body mass index; BP � blood pressure; CAD � coronary artery disease; CHF � congestive … heart failure; CRF � chronic renal failure; CVD � cardiovascular disease; DBP � diastolic blood pressure

19. Archived: Evidence Summary: Blood Pressure in Adults (Hypertension): Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary15/blood-pressure-in-adults-hypertension-screening-2007
    October 15, 2007 - States, hypertension is responsible for 35% of myocardial infarctions and strokes, 49% of episodes of heart … failure, and 24% of premature deaths. … = adverse effect; BMI = body mass index; BP = blood pressure; CAD = coronary artery disease; CHF = congestive … heart failure; CRF = chronic renal failure; CVD = cardiovascular disease; DBP = diastolic blood pressure

20. Archived: Final Research Plan: Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan142/obstructive-sleep-apnea-in-adults-screening-january-2017
    October 30, 2014 - as mortality, quality of life, motor vehicle crashes, cardiovascular events, cerebrovascular events, heart … failure, headaches, and cognitive impairment (key question 5). … events and rhythm disturbances, such as atrial fibrillation), cerebrovascular events, incidence of heart … failure, headaches, cognitive impairment KQ 2: Sensitivity, specificity, discrimination, calibration