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  1. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/blood-clots-hip-knee-surgery_surveillance.pdf
    December 01, 2012 - Based on this assessment, the CER was categorized into one of the three updating priority groups: high … box warning from FDA, etc. 2.6 Determining Priority for Updating Determining the priority groups … One RCT demonstrated that only one patient developed major bleeding in the edoxaban versus placebo groups … Symptomatic PE difference from placebo (%)] 0.0 vs. 0.0 in all groups Symptomatic DVT[# of … Symptomatic PE difference from placebo (%)] 0.0 vs. 0.0 in all groups Symptomatic DVT[# of pts
  2. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/tech-brief-39-pediatric-cancer-survivorship-comments.pdf
    March 01, 2021 - We did not limit our search to only these disparity groups; we conducted our search to be inclusive … of adding a term such as “non-profit organizations” or “fund raising organization” or “advocacy groups … Guiding Question 1, recommend discussing the direction of the disparities so that it is clear what groups … This goes beyond disparities among population groups, as care is inadequate for everyone. … We have added some language to clarify the ideal comparator groups.
  3. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/chronic-urinary-retention_disposition-comments.pdf
    September 15, 2014 - We have revisited the groupings and now divide studies into two groups based upon underlying etiology … However, the study was only powered to detect fairly large differences between groups. … However, even then, we identified few studies with comparison groups. … We have revisited the groupings and now divide studies into two groups based on underlying etiology … We did not include case series data in our review because case series data have no comparison groups
  4. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/c-difficile-update_research-protocol.pdf
    December 23, 2014 - establishing proof of concept for new testing techniques (such as fecal calprotectin) Comparator groups … Comparator groups Standard antibiotic treatments: active treatments such as metronidazole or vancomycin … One can use case series, but they have no controls and the rate of “adverse events” among placebo groups … Yes Valid measures, groups ~equivalent No Non-validated measures or nonequivalent groups Uncertain … Were there attempts to balance the allocation across groups?
  5. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/app-f-surv-report-3-acute-pain.xlsx
    May 29, 2025 - Groups Similar at Baseline? Outcome Assessors Masked? Care Provider Masked? Patient Masked?
  6. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/app-f-surv-report-2-acute-pain.xlsx
    May 29, 2025 - Groups Similar at Baseline? Outcome Assessors Masked? Care Provider Masked? Patient Masked?
  7. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/product/pdf/telehealth-during-COVID-19-amendments.pdf
    April 28, 2022 - Study Design† KQ1: claims and EHR data KQ 2 and 4 o Qualitative studies: focus groups, interviews … Quantitative studies: RCT, CT, observational studies, and surveys KQ3: Qualitative studies: focus groups … observational studies, surveys Qualitative evidence synthesis: Qualitative research (e.g., focus groups … 2022 PICOTS: Study design KQ1: claims and EHR data KQ 2 and 4 o Qualitative studies: focus groups … KQ3: Qualitative studies‡ (e.g., focus groups, interviews), surveys KQ4: Mixed methods (qualitative
  8. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/patient-centered-medical-home_research-protocol.pdf
    February 23, 2012 - As defined by physician and consumer groups, the core principles of the PCMH are: wide-ranging team-based … seeking ongoing longitudinal studies, including pilot and demonstration projects, with comparison groups … validated search filters (such as the Clinical Queries Filters in PubMed), and will draw on other groups … Country and lending groups. … Available at: http://data.worldbank.org/about/country-classifications/country-and- lending-groups.
  9. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/kidney-stone-prevention_executive.pdf
    March 01, 2013 - • Efficacy of citrate treatment on recurrent stone outcomes did not differ between patient groups … RCTs averaged 9.5 percent (range 0 to 10) and appeared similar between intervention and control groups … All treatment groups were assigned increased fluid intake, so trials evaluated whether addition of … Magnesium • In a single eligible RCT, withdrawals were similar in the magnesium and placebo groups … Instead, nearly all pharmacological trials reported that all groups were assigned a common dietary
  10. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/meditation_executive.pdf
    January 01, 2014 - degree.4-23 These reviews have largely included uncontrolled studies or studies that used control groups … The direction and magnitude of effect are derived from the relative difference between groups in the … Sixth, studies found an improvement in outcomes among the mindfulness groups (compared with control) … There were no statistically significant differences between groups on the Attentional Network Test. … Limitations of the Review Our assessment of a 5-percent relative difference between groups in change
  11. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/maternal-child-outcomes-wic-disposition-comments.pdf
    April 19, 2022 - This paucity of studies is due to the difficulty of identifying comparison groups of income eligible … Discussion Importance of the review to stakeholders: Expand on reasons why this review is important to all groups … Policy makers are called out with more details, rightfully so, but so are other groups (WIC staff, leadership … How will this review be meaningful and accessible to these groups?
  12. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/ehc-research-gaps-telehealth.pdf
    April 01, 2023 - Evidence Gaps Study Population • Use of contemporary comparison groups and multiple sites to separate … due to socioeconomic factors, rural location, or geographic isolation; and from other underserved groups … Study Design • Randomized controlled trials, with clearly defined comparison groups and health outcomes … • Studies that include contemporary comparison groups so the effect of the telehealth consultations
  13. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/measuring-blood-pressure_executive.pdf
    January 01, 2012 - The single quality A trial found no difference between groups at 18 months followup; the other three … Results were mixed, with five studies finding no difference between groups, one study finding fewer … The only quality A trial found no difference between groups at 18 months followup; the other three … The only quality A trial found no difference between groups at 18 months followup; the other 3 trials … One quality C trial found no difference in adverse drug reactions across four groups with different
  14. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/ptsd-adults-trauma-interventions_executive.pdf
    April 01, 2013 - (defined by age, ethnic and racial groups, and sex), • psychiatric comorbidities, or • personal … Our subgroups of interest included demographic groups (defined by age, sex, and ethnic or racial groups … We included questions about adequacy of randomization, allocation concealment, similarity of groups … For binary outcomes (e.g., incidence of PTSD), we calculated the relative risk (RR) between groups. … All the following subgroups could be considered: (1) demographic groups: sex, race, or ethnicity; (
  15. Layout 1 (pdf file)

    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/prostate-cancer_executive.pdf
    February 01, 2008 - There was no difference in total number of deaths between the bicalutamide and placebo groups for men … When the higher risk subjects were further divided into intermediate risk and high-risk groups, the benefit … • Distant metastases: No significant difference in distant failure events between groups at the median … WW) years, there was no difference in total number of deaths between the bicalutamide and placebo groups … there may be differences in the incidence and morbidity of prostate cancer across racial or ethnic groups
  16. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cer-252-infantile-epilepsies-executive-summary.pdf
    October 01, 2022 - Limitations include the lack of control groups in most studies, exclusion of evidence prior to 1999 … Epilepsy presents a different challenge at different age groups, particularly among infants with different
  17. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/lumbar-fusion-draft-report-appendix-e.xlsx
    January 01, 2023 - Yes/No/Unclear Groups similar at baseline? Yes/No/Unclear Patient masked? … Were the groups comparable at baseline on key prognostic factors? Did the article report attrition?
  18. Roblin_final (pdf file)

    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/roblin.pdf
    January 01, 2010 - patient, community (friends, family), providers o Integration and coordination can be within or between groups … discussions by nurse, nutritionist • Diabetes Social Support randomized controlled trial o Three study groups … (1 control + 2 intervention) o Intervention study groups with and without  peer supporters Slide
  19. Slide 1 (ppt file)

    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/module_ii1.ppt
    June 01, 2011 - an EHC Program stakeholder (O’Haire, 2011) * Types of Stakeholders Stakeholders are people or groups … partners with representatives from local service providers, the city health organization, advocacy groups … partners with representatives from local service providers, the city health organization, advocacy groups … ongoing relationships between research institutions and stakeholders—particularly patients and patient groups … for participation using a variety of venues and approaches, including: Centralized patient advocacy groups
  20. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/calcineurin-inhibitor_research-protocol.pdf
    October 08, 2014 - Were patients randomly assigned to the study’s groups? 2. … at the time they were assigned to groups? … groups? … Were the two groups treated concurrently? 12. … Was compliance with treatment ≥85% in both of the study’s groups? 13.

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