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  1. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/osteoarthritis-pain-disposition-120516.pdf
    October 01, 2011 - Was the assignment to the treatment groups really random? – Yes. … Were groups similar at baseline in terms of prognostic factors? … Was the assignment to the treatment groups really random? – Yes. … Were groups similar at baseline in terms of prognostic factors? … between both treatment groups.
  2. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/rapid-social-isolation-older-adults-final.pdf
    February 01, 2019 - Of the three remaining RCTs, one (n=100)49 did not provide data to compare groups over time, one (n= … were maintained, including low overall drop-out rate, equal drop-outs between groups, and efforts … to minimize contamination between groups. 6 Interventions were clearly defined, including any co- … • Second three-month period: Both groups were crossed over. … • Groups were led by a psychologist • Groups met once a week for 2 hours, over a period of 3
  3. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/app-f-surv-rept-1-acute-pain.xlsx
    May 29, 2025 - Groups Similar at Baseline? Outcome Assessors Masked? Care Provider Masked? Patient Masked?
  4. Ced-Appendix-3 (xls file)

    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/ced-appendix-3.xlsx
    June 24, 2022 - that seek to control for known and unknown differences in baseline characteristics between treatment groups … of treatment or those starting a new course of treatment Grace 5.1 Design Use concurrent comparison groups … CMS Design_control Use of contemporaneous control groups (rather than historical controls) in order to … ensure comparability between the intervention and control groups. … Innov (UK) Experts NICE will seek advice from clinicians, patient groups, academics and data custodians
  5. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/bar-cohen-ii_eccs2012.pdf
    January 01, 2012 - in research, health care, and policy o The negative  side:  Threats from  other stakeholder groups … Collide— Gary Schwitzer (2 of 2) • Given the universal problem  around poor media reporting, why are groups
  6. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/study-design-framework_research.pdf
    March 01, 2012 - Individuals or groups are followed prospectively to assess differences in the outcome(s) of interest … Size will depend on the effect size being sought between intervention and comparator groups. … Baseline characteristics can be measured, but may not be balanced between the two groups. … The study groups are likely to be unbalanced at baseline, and statistical measures to control for … A randomized controlled trial in which the units of randomization and analysis are groups of people
  7. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/alcohol-misuse_executive.pdf
    April 28, 2010 - Moderate Anxiety No difference between groups (unable to calculate effect size). … Low Utilization Emergency visits Difference between groups for visits in past 6 months did not reach … Studies identified relatively delayed reduction in consumption in control groups to levels achieved … We found very limited evidence reporting no difference between intervention and control groups for … The control groups in the included studies generally reduced alcohol consumption.
  8. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/fecal-incontinence_research-protocol.pdf
    November 30, 2014 - Our findings will provide evidence support for FI treatment guidelines by physicians’ groups and for … Observational studies without control groups will be included only if they assessed treatment harms … Yes Valid measures, groups ~ equivalent No Nonvalidated measures or nonequivalent groups Uncertain … Were there attempts to balance the allocation across groups? … Was length of followup the same for all groups?
  9. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/autism-adolescents_executive.pdf
    August 01, 2012 - A good study has a clear description of the population, setting, interventions, and comparison groups … • 2 studies lacked comparison groups; diagnostic approach, participant characteristics, treatment … • Some gains seen in individual studies but most lacked comparison groups. … • Lack of comparison groups in 3 studies; treatment adherence not reported; assessors not masked … • No comparison groups or measures of treatment fidelity; participants not clearly characterized;
  10. Arcia-notes-Teresa (pdf file)

    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/arcia-presentation.pdf
    May 29, 2025 - We cannot use this graphic, as you’ll learn  in  this presentation. 9 We conducted   21 groups … Most of the groups were in   S panish. … But the process of the focus groups did help us to do a preliminary comprehension check based on how … Recruitment is difficult-­‐-­‐ but we are running four different groups, English  and  Spanish, of … In these initial  groups we're looking at barriers and facilitators of Internet access, how women
  11. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/cer-251-integrated-pain-management-app-F.xlsx
    January 01, 2020 - Groups Similar at Baseline? Outcome Assessors Masked? Care Provider Masked? Patient Masked? … Groups Similar at Baseline? Outcome Assessors Masked? Care Provider Masked? Patient Masked?
  12. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/colon-cancer-gene-profiling_disposition-comments.pdf
    December 14, 2012 - The studies do not demonstrate an ability of the GEPs to classify patients into risk groups to help … But I agree that reclassification analyses and ability to discriminate discrete prognostic groups are … Not even separate survival curves for high, intermediate and low risk groups as defined by the GEP … Publications do show separate curves for risk groups, but this does not show clinical utility. … ColoPrint better distinguishes low and high risk groups as compared to risk assessment using current
  13. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/depression-treatment-ssri_research-protocol.pdf
    June 15, 2010 - This review found eight randomized trials and 23 open studies (with and without comparator groups). … • Comparators: We will identify and include studies with comparative intervention groups. … Observational studies with comparator groups (retrospective and prospective cohort, case control, and … Both these groups will be considered to have failed SSRI treatment. … The peer reviewer may represent stakeholder groups such as professional or advocacy organizations with
  14. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/medicare-eligible-disabled_research.pdf
    June 01, 2011 - The prevalence of selected comorbidities differed across groups of dis- abled (Table 3). … Acute inpatient stays were of similar length for all groups except nonduals (range 7.2-7.8 vs. 5.7 … Other inpatient stays were of similar length across groups but SNF stays were considerably lon- ger … These four groups differ significantly in their demographic and health care profiles. … If these initial distinctions among groups persist beyond the first six months, they would point to
  15. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/mental-illness-disparities_research-protocol.pdf
    July 01, 2015 - These differences or gaps in care between groups represent a lack of efficiency within the health care … populations with and without SMI, the focus of this Technical Brief is limited to disparities between groups … Other requirements include ensuring balance in perspectives and interests for stakeholder groups and … Engaging Relevant Stakeholder Groups. … ]) OR ( “Healthcare Disparities”[Mesh] OR “Health Status Disparities”[Mesh] ))) OR ((((((“Minority Groups
  16. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/ch_10-user-guide-to-ocer_130129.pdf
    January 01, 2011 - Descriptive and univariate analyses can be used to assess imbalances between treatment groups and to … If adjustment using the propensity score is used, balance in study covariates between exposure groups … of the propensity score is to visually examine the propensity score distributions across exposure groups … Matching subjects across exposure groups on propensity score ensures, through restriction, that there … This can be done graphically or by comparing standardized differences across groups.
  17. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/hibbard-presentation.pdf
    May 29, 2025 - For some groups the mean  will be lower and  for some groups themean  will be higher. … And all of the groups in between weremoving up or they were moving down  and  their costs were consistent … Thereareseveral groups that aredoing this now.
  18. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/wysiwyg/impact-healthcare-algorithms-racial-ethnic-disparities-March-2.pdf
    May 15, 2023 - • Human radiologists may overlook causes of pain in disadvantaged groups • We’d like an algorithm … Algorithmic bias Differential performance of an algorithm in different groups (such as racial or ethnic … groups) due to intrinsic attributes of the algorithm. … This is flawed because the association between costs and health differs across racial and ethnic groups … of algorithmic bias, but also salient challenges interpreting results of under-represented minority groups
  19. Title (pdf file)

    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/mental-illness-adults-prisons_research-protocol.pdf
    September 13, 2012 - Studies with large differences at baseline between groups will be excluded. … Were patients randomly assigned to the study’s groups? 2. … Were the two groups treated concurrently? 6. … Was there a ≤5 difference between groups in ancillary treatment(s)? 10. … Was there ≤15% difference in the length of followup for the two groups? 11.
  20. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/gestational-diabetes-screening-diagnosis_executive.pdf
    October 01, 2012 - were diagnosed with GDM using the International Association of the Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Groups … We searched the Web sites of relevant professional associations and research groups, including the ADA … GDM was confirmed using criteria developed by different groups, including CC, ADA, National Diabetes … The majority of data came from cohort studies or the untreated groups from RCTs. … Three comparisons showed significant differences between groups: patient groups with no GDM had fewer

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