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  1. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cannabis-app-g-table-surveillance-report-2_0.xlsx
    May 29, 2025 - Were the Groups Comparable at Baseline on Key Prognostic Factors (e.g., By Restriction or Matching)?
  2. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/fatty-acids-cardiovascular-disease_clinician.pdf
    July 01, 2017 - conducted to evaluate the effect of omega-3 fatty acids (FAs) on cardiovascular disease (CVD), its risk factors … instances. �� Few studies compared the dose, formulation, or source of omega-3 FAs, which are all factors … Effects of omega-3 fatty acids on cardiovascular risk factors and intermediate markers of cardiovascular
  3. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/pressure-ulcer-treatment_executive.pdf
    May 01, 2013 - not limited to: age, race/ ethnicity, body weight, specific medical comorbidities, and known risk factors … end-stage renal disease, dementia), many Key Informants suggested that we include specific known risk factors … ulcers were reviewed, including but not limited to therapies that address the underlying contributing factors … ., diabetes, end-stage renal disease, and dementia), as well as patients with specific known risk factors … not limited to: age, race/ethnicity, body weight, specific medical comorbidities, and known risk factors
  4. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/nephropathy-contrast-induced_research-protocol.pdf
    October 01, 2013 - an interventional procedure, are more likely to have pre-existing cardiac, vascular and renal risk factors … the comparative effectiveness of prevention measures vary by patient characteristics (known risk factors … How do benefits or harms of contrast media differ by patient characteristics (known risk factors such … How do benefits or harms of contrast media differ by patient characteristics (known risk factors such … ● High or moderate risk patients (as defined by clinical or demographic risk factors such as age
  5. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/methods-guidance-grading-strength_methods.pdf
    July 01, 2009 - Generally, we expect three of these domains—dose-response association, existence of confounding factors … In contrast, several factors may increase strength 9 of evidence and are especially relevant for … based on observational studies starts with a strength of low and can be upgraded based on several factors … Use one of two levels: • Present: Confounding factors that would decrease the observed effect may … be present • Absent: Confounding factors that would decrease the observed effect are not likely
  6. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/pelvic-pain_research-protocol.pdf
    February 16, 2011 - We will capture relevant patient factors as they are presented in the studies that meet our inclusion … We jointly agreed that our approach to such factors (capturing data when such factors are associated … with outcomes) is sufficient and that a specific KQ addressing such factors is not necessary. … training, socioeconomic status, health literacy, etc.) and will discuss such factors in the text of … We considered the following factors in choosing this study size: Figure 1: Analytic Framework for
  7. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/psoriasis-chronic_executive.pdf
    November 01, 2012 - Together, these factors precluded the ability to statistically pool data. … Important factors in selecting appropriate therapy included baseline patient characteristics because … Additional consideration of factors such as convenience of therapy should be weighed against these … Future research should be designed to determine whether there are specific disease or patient factors … Clastogenic plasma factors in psoriasis--comparison of phototherapy and anti-TNF-α treatments.
  8. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/child-growth-development-outcomes-protocol-amended.pdf
    November 18, 2024 - deficit conditions; as structural components of cellular and intracellular membranes; and as regulatory factors … energy density.29 The fatty acid composition of human milk does not vary significantly by demographic factors … Multiple factors identified a priori that are likely to impact applicability include characteristics … Effects of Nutritional Factors on Fat Content, Fatty Acid Composition, and Sensorial Properties of Meat … Human milk composition: nutrients and bioactive factors.
  9. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/breastfeeding-health-outcomes-disposition-comments.pdf
    March 31, 2025 - These factors, such as racial and economic inequities, access to paid family leave, and the availability … we would emphasize the need for future research to mitigate these biases, especially confounding factors … Sibling design can amplify confounding by factors not shared by siblings. … Thus, sibling comparisons will reduce confounding by factors more shared with other breastfed infants … while increasing confounding by less-shared factors.
  10. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/antiplatelet-treatment_research-protocol.pdf
    November 22, 2011 - Do the following factors modify the association between genetic test results and clinical outcomes? … Patient-level factors (e.g., race or ethnicity, age, sex, disease severity, or comorbidities) iii … Test-related factors (e.g., between-assay differences) iv. … System-level factors (e.g., settings where testing is performed) Key Question 2 In patient … Test-related factors (e.g., between-assay differences) iv.
  11. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/fecal-incontinence_research-protocol.pdf
    November 30, 2014 - Risk factors for FI include increasing age, female sex, chronic diarrhea, nerve damage (such as from … FI etiologies and other patient factors dictate feasible treatment options.1 For example, the range … Additional information on baseline patient factors that could modify treatment effects, such as age, … Fecal incontinence in US adults: epidemiology and risk factors. … Yes Yes, most or all known factors were assessed No Critical factors are missing Uncertain
  12. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/integrating-evidence_methods.pdf
    February 01, 2015 - What factors make it possible to translate/use prior risk of bias (RoB) assessment? … What factors make it possible to translate/use prior strength of evidence (SOE) grading? … If so, what factors do you select? 2. … What factors do you use to resolve discrepancies between reviews? … What factors allow you to use a review without modifications? 2.
  13. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/grading.ppt
    January 01, 2013 - that would decrease the observed effect may be present Absent: confounding factors that would decrease … Use one of two scores: Present: confounding factors that would decrease the observed effect may be present … Absent: confounding factors that would decrease the observed effect are not likely to be present. … is large enough that it cannot have occurred solely as a result of bias from potential confounding factors … of two scores: either a strong association or a weak association, perhaps explained by confounding factors
  14. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/carbohydrate-intake-protocol.pdf
    April 08, 2024 - , and 10% protein and yields an energy density of 65–70 kcal/100 milliliters.11 Physiological Factors … e.g., consecutive, use of an inception cohort) and appropriate control for confounding of relevant factors … Multiple factors identified a priori that are likely to impact applicability include characteristics … e.g., age, perinatal stage), clinical characteristics (e.g., diet-related condition), intervention factors … Human milk composition: nutrients and bioactive factors.
  15. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/long-covid-protocol.pdf
    February 18, 2023 - research priority by the U.S. government.18,19 The risk of long COVID varies according to a number of factors … including primary care integrated, specialty-based, or standalone clinics, with differences in the above factorsFactors to inform applicability assessments include the country/geographic location of the model, clinical … Long covid-mechanisms, risk factors, and management. … Update Alert 11: Epidemiology of and Risk Factors for Coronavirus Infection in Health Care Workers.
  16. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cer-257-antenatal-care-evidence-summary.pdf
    June 01, 2022 - that compared hybrid visits during COVID-19 with in-person visits pre-pandemic accounted for other factors … Some of these factors may have reduced risk of poor outcomes (e.g., increased sleep); others may have … Until there is further evidence to provide more definitive conclusions, other factors, importantly patient
  17. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/obesity-child_executive.pdf
    March 31, 2010 - factors and the complex interactions among these factors that promote a positive energy balance. … At present, the way that these factors contribute to the disparities in obesity prevalence among population … Nevertheless, a growing body of research suggests that many factors interact, including individual factors … , home influences, the school environment, factors in the local community, and policies implemented … Researchers should report these contextual factors to help decisionmakers get a better idea of the
  18. Layout 1 (pdf file)

    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/c-diff-infections_executive.pdf
    December 01, 2011 - • Severe underlying disease, acid suppression, and age are indicated as risk factors. … A number of other potential factors may be indicated in single studies. … Risk factors for Clostridium difficile infection. J Hosp Infect 1998 Sep; 40(1):1–15. 21. … Meta-analysis to assess risk factors for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection. … Risk factors for Clostridium difficile toxin-associated diarrhea.
  19. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/nonpharma-treatment-pain_research-protocol-amended.pdf
    September 20, 2017 - of chronic pain as a distinct disease entity.2 This multifaceted disease is influenced by multiple factors … (e.g., genetic, central nervous system, psychological, and environmental factors), with complex interactions … Pain is greatly influenced by psychosocial factors, which may predict who will develop chronic disabling … This means that consideration of psychological and social factors as well as underlying biological … Subjective improvement in patients may result from factors other than a given procedure, whether that
  20. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/coronary-artery-disease-testing_research-protocol.pdf
    January 15, 2015 - In addition, certain risk factors for atherosclerosis (lipid disorders, diabetes) and plaque development … Counseling on modifiable lifestyle and risk factors is a part of both therapeutic approaches and may … related to diet, physical activity, smoking cessation, alcohol use, and management of psychological factors … b KQ 1–6e: Potential modifiers related to differential efficacy and/or safety include patient factors … heterogeneity using additional variables on methodological or other characteristics (e.g., quality factors

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