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61. Final Recommendation Statement: Statin Use for the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Adults: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/RecommendationStatementFinal/statin-use-in-adults-preventive-medication
    August 23, 2022 - Clinicians should recognize that predictions of 10-year CVD events using the Pooled Cohort Equations are estimates … CI, 0.85 to 2.25] vs 0.99 [95% CI, 0.71 to 1.39], respectively, for cardiovascular mortality), but estimates … between statin therapy and myopathy or rhabdomyolysis, although these events were uncommon, so the estimates

62. Evaluation of the Benefits and Harms of Lung Cancer Screening With Low-Dose Computed Tomography: Modeling Study for the USPSTF (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/TVsn4SVh_jtaeqSTyrz-Gp
    March 09, 2021 - The estimates for the range of benefits and harms across the 4 CISNET models appear in eTables 5 and … These estimates show similar patterns as those for the whole population; however, there were higher increases … The analy- sis estimates that screening strategies for individuals aged 50 or 55 years through aged 80

63. Archived: Final Evidence Review: Ovarian Cancer: Screening, May 2004 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-review79/ovarian-cancer-screening-2004
    May 15, 2004 - However, the studies for which all of these estimates are based reported small numbers of cancer cases … with false-positive rates of 0.1 percent to 0.6 percent based on 3 studies. 14 , 15 , 17 All these estimates … The HTA systematic review applied estimates … after 1 year of followup approaches 100 percent and CA 125-based screening, 80 percent; however, these estimates … The studies in which these estimates are based were not RCTs of screening, did not report mortality outcomes

64. Screening for Skin Cancer (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/cLuJZx55Z6ApzYv836rkSp
    decision making is strongly encouraged with individuals whose risk is close to (either above or below) the estimates

65. Benefits and Harms of Computed Tomography Lung Cancer Screening Programs for High Risk Populations (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/RkeQEwKRWULreuWecXG8S-
    July 01, 2013 - Each model estimates screening effectiveness based on a different set of equations that are key in … Model F estimates cure rates that depend on sex, tumor stage, and histology. … Model S estimates the probability of lethal metastases as a function of tumor size, histology, and … Chapter 2: Birth-cohort-specific estimates of smoking behaviors for the U.S. population. … Effects of mammography screening under different screening schedules: model estimates of potential

66. Final Research Plan: Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Adolescents and Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-research-plan/hepatitis-b-virus-infection-screening
    March 14, 2019 - the FDA KQ 5: Cohort studies for long-term (>5 years) clinical outcomes that report adjusted risk estimates … association between intermediate and clinical outcomes after antiviral treatment that report adjusted risk estimates

67. Archived: Breast Cancer: Screening, 1996 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/breast-cancer-screening-1996
    January 01, 1996 - Estimates of the sensitivity and specificity of these maneuvers depend on a number of factors, including … The ability to detect interval cancers may also vary and will affect such estimates. … Estimates from three Swedish trials using mammography alone averaged about 75%, while estimates for mammography … Specificity estimates ranged from 98.5% in the HIP trial to 83% in the Canadian NBSS 2. … Sensitivity estimates for mammography alone and for combined screening with CBE have generally been 10

68. Recommendation: Genital Herpes Infection: Serologic Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/genital-herpes-serologic-screening
    February 14, 2023 - precise prevalence of asymptomatic HSV-2 infection in the US is difficult to determine because prevalence estimates … blot. 6 The 2015-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey of persons aged 14 to 49 years estimates … persons. 1 , 22 Based on previous evidence from the 2016 review of 11 studies (n = 7129), 5 accuracy estimates

69. Statin Use for the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Adults (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/6dqHx6xQGq9GUv92rZUf2q
    August 01, 2022 - Statin Use for the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Adults The USPSTF recognizes that clinical decisions involve more considerations than evidence alone. Clinicians should understand the evidence but individualize decision making to the specific patient or situation. Clinician Summary of USP…

70. Evidence Summary: Latent Tuberculosis Infection in Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary/latent-tuberculosis-infection-screening
    May 02, 2023 - Pooled estimates for sensitivity of the TST were 0.80 (95% CI, 0.74-0.87) at the 5-mm induration threshold … Pooled estimates for sensitivity of IGRA tests ranged from 0.81 (95% CI, 0.79-0.84) to 0.90 (95% CI, … Pooled estimates for specificity of screening tests ranged from 0.95 to 0.99. … . 14 For screening test accuracy (KQ2), separate pooled estimates of proportions were generated for … Therefore, estimates of treatment effectiveness may represent the upper bounds of effectiveness.

71. Aspirin for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/Q4J7tsThw_6nwfB-p-f5Hp
    March 01, 2009 - Estimates of benefits and harms, especially at the borders of the shaded and unshaded areas, should … The estimates in Figure 2 were developed assum- ing that the men are not currently taking nonsteroidal … The estimates in Figure 4 were devel- oped assuming that women are not currently taking NSAIDs and are … Estimates of benefits and harms, especially at the borders of the shaded and unshaded areas, should … The estimates of the number of major bleeding events were assumed to be stable within age strata with

72. Final Evidence Summary: Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Adolescents and Adults: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary/hepatitis-c-screening
    March 02, 2020 - Across genotypes, SVR estimates were consistent when studies were stratified according to study quality … There was some variability by DAA regimen in estimates of adverse events; estimates were generally higher … Adverse event estimates were generally similar when studies were stratified according to baseline cirrhosis … evaluated in the prior review (68%-78%). 9 Although statistical heterogeneity was present in pooled estimates … Dashed lines indicate the overall measures of effect; overall estimates were from mixed-effects models

73. Archived: Evidence Summary: Osteoporosis to Prevent Fractures: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary1/osteoporosis-screening-june-2018
    June 26, 2018 - In women, pooled AUC estimates ranged from 0.65 (95% CI, 0.60-0.71; I 2 = 97.8%; 10 studies [16,780 … In men, pooled estimates of AUC from 3 to 44 studies (13,970-15,842 participants) ranged from 0.62 to … Raloxifene Pooled estimates of women followed up from 1 to 4 years and randomized to raloxifene or … b Updated pooled estimates are provided where possible; otherwise, range of AUC estimates from relevant … c Pooled estimates include men, women, and combined estimates (1 study did not provide adverse events

74. Recommendation: Aspirin Use to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/aspirin-to-prevent-cardiovascular-disease-preventive-medication
    April 26, 2022 - are discussed using the terms “men” and “women,” although it is likely that CVD risk and net benefit estimates … Clinicians should recognize that predictions of 10-year CVD events using the Pooled Cohort Equations are estimates … estimation is imprecise and imperfect at the individual level, the USPSTF suggests using these risk estimates … Pooled effect estimates of studies using low-dose aspirin were also used to inform the parameters and

75. Estimation of Benefits, Burden, and Harms of Colorectal Cancer Screening Strategies: Modeling Study for the USPSTF (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/vw-LTWCTZ_N5pAaydcNQTx
    June 21, 2016 - Multiple observations at each data point reflect estimates from different studies. … The SimCRC and MISCAN models were each simultaneously calibrated to adenoma prevalence estimates from … If test sensitivity is lower at sub- sequent rounds of screening, estimates of the benefits of screen … The most important external parameters are the test sensitivity estimates, which were varied. … Personalizing age of cancer screening cessation based on comorbid conditions: model estimates of harms

76. Aspirin Use to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/rts4chTw2sVprMEF5xpMYS
    April 01, 2022 - Aspirin Use to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease Clinician Summary of USPSTF Recommendation Aspirin Use to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease April 2022 What does the USPSTF recommend? C Grade For adults aged 40 to 59 years with an estimated 10% or greater 10-year cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk: The decision to in…

77. Statin Use for the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Adults: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review fo the USPSTF (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/k_QR3hvh2jVSPPLu6Q6m6r
    November 13, 2022 - Estimates Figure 1. … Estimates for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality were slightly attenuated (smaller) than from the … Estimates were similar in sensitivity analyses restricted to good-quality trials, primary prevention … Estimates were also similar in sensitivity analyses restricted to trials that were not stopped early … Pooled estimates for persons older than 70 years were generally consistent with the overall pooled estimates

78. Serologic Screening for Genital Herpes Infection: US Preventive Services Task Force Reaffirmation Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/YALMYpRCoRSu9nhPFGudEm
    November 01, 2022 - preva- lence of asymptomatic HSV-2 infection in the US is difficult to determine because prevalence estimates … blot.6 The 2015-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey of persons aged 14 to 49 years estimates … persons.1,22 Based on previous evidence from the 2016 re- view of 11 studies (n = 7129),5 accuracy estimates

79. Archived: Low-Dose Aspirin Use for the Prevention of Morbidity and Mortality From Preeclampsia: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/low-dose-aspirin-use-for-the-prevention-of-morbidity-and-mortality-from-preeclampsia-preventive-medication-september-2014
    September 09, 2014 - The most commonly used dosage was 100 mg/d, but the 2 largest trials contributing to the estimates of … Collaborative Low-dose Aspirin Study in Pregnancy (CLASP), provided the majority of the data for pooled estimates … Pooled estimates provided evidence of a 20% reduction in risk for IUGR (RR, 0.80 [95% CI, 0.65 to 0.99 … Absolute risk estimates based on observed event rates ranged from 2% to 5% for preeclampsia, 1% to 5% … Although there were differences in study inclusion criteria, the USPSTF found similar effect estimates

80. Archived: Breast and Ovarian Cancer: BRCA Genetic Testing, September 2005 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/breast-and-ovarian-cancer-brca-testing-screening-2005
    September 15, 2005 - Published reports of penetrance describe estimates of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations ranging from 35 percent … or those unselected for ethnicity. 1 , 13 , 14 , 18-22 Among Ashkenazi Jewish women, penetrance estimates … percent to 81 percent for breast cancer and 10 percent to 46 percent for ovarian cancer. 1 , 23-29 Estimates … Overall, the USPSTF estimates that the magnitude of these potential harms is at least small. … Cancer risk estimates for BRCA1 mutation carriers identified in a risk evaluation program.