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Showing results for "estimates".

101. Archived: Statin Use for the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Adults: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/statin-use-in-adults-preventive-medication-november-2016
     November 13, 2016 - There were no clear differences in estimates of effect when the trials were stratified according to statin … subgroups, including patients without severe dyslipidemia at baseline. 6 Given similar relative risk estimates … statin therapy, of which the majority evaluated moderate doses; there were no clear differences in estimates … be linear according to a patient’s absolute risk level, and any cut points used are only population estimates … most of the trials were primarily of low to moderate doses, and there were no clear differences in estimates

102. Procedure Manual Section 5. Modeling | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/about-uspstf/methods-and-processes/procedure-manual/procedure-manual-section-5-modeling
     July 05, 2017 - Inputs into decision models include best estimates from evidence on the linkages between screening and

103. Screening for HIV: A Review of the Evidence for the U.S. Preventive Preventive Services Task Force (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/3qpQqeeozW8nV3a4_BWntp
     June 20, 2019 - The point estimates and 95% CIs for NNS and NNT were based on Monte Carlo simula- tions. … Estimates of the Numbers Needed To Screen and Treat Table 5 estimates outcomes after 3 years from 1-time … Several assumptions made our estimates on the benefits of screening conservative. … The indicated range of estimates and variation associated with estimates were incorporated in the calculations … The point estimates and 95% CIs of NNSB and NNTB were based on 1 000 000 samples.

104. Archived: Evidence Summary: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection: Screening, 2005 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/human-immunodeficiency-virus-hiv-infection-screening-2005
     July 05, 2005 - The point estimates and 95% CIs for NNS and NNT were based on Monte Carlo simulations.  … Several assumptions made our estimates on the benefits of screening conservative. … We calculated an overall estimate of RR TN and its corresponding 95% CI by plugging these estimates … The indicated range of estimates and variation associated with estimates were incorporated in the calculations … The point estimates and 95% CI of NNS B and NNT B were based on 1,000,000 samples.

105. Statins for Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Adults: Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/mk-eb9VtB_jx885wnjuzk3
     January 01, 2024 - Seven trials reported similar estimates for fatal myocardial infarction (RR, 0.70 [95% CI, 0.50 to 0.99 … and at least 3 other risk factors (1.4% vs 1.6% after 3 years; RR, 0.90 [95% CI, 0.66 to 1.23]); RR estimates … There were no clear differences in estimates between 3 trials18,19,31 of statins vs placebo that permitted … For composite cardiovascular outcomes, relative risk estimates were very similar for men and women in … Based on pooled estimates, the NNT to prevent 1 death from any cause was 250 after 1 to 6 years, and

106. Bleeding Risks With Aspirin Use for Primary Prevention in Adults: A Systematic Review for the USPSTF (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/j69Hq5ALvzg74e-ngkzSep
     April 01, 2016 - Baseline Estimates of Major Bleeding Risks, by Subgroup In both trial and cohort data, bleeding rates … DISCUSSION We found relatively consistent estimates of in- creased risk for serious bleeding events … These are the estimates we provided for the companion model (16) based on a priori deci- sions to link … harms estimates to the same population and aspirin dosages used for estimating benefits. … For both types of bleeding, our pooled estimates were not statistically heterogeneous; their imprecision

107. Archived: Prevention of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection: Preexposure Prophylaxis | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/prevention-of-human-immunodeficiency-virus-hiv-infection-pre-exposure-prophylaxis-june-2019
     June 11, 2019 - The CDC estimates that approximately one-fourth of transgender women are living with HIV, and more than … were reported in 1981, more than 700,000 persons in the United States have died of AIDS. 2 The CDC estimates … The CDC estimates that approximately 1.2 million persons were eligible for PrEP in 2015 (492,000 men … 115,000 persons who inject drugs, and 624,000 heterosexually active adults), 29 and a recent study estimates … There were no statistically significant differences in estimates of effectiveness for PrEP vs placebo

108. Preexposure Prophylaxis for the Prevention of HIV Infection: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/poDYcagnw7SqKNNbrFt_CV
     June 11, 2019 - The CDC estimates that approxi- mately one-fourth of transgender women are living with HIV, and more … AIDS were reported in 1981, more than 700 000 persons in the United States have died of AIDS.2 The CDC estimates … The CDC estimates that approximately 1.2 million per- sons were eligible for PrEP in 2015 (492 000 men … 115 000 persons who inject drugs, and 624 000 heterosexu- ally active adults),29 and a recent study estimates … There were no statistically significant differences in estimates of effectiveness for PrEP vs placebo

109. Screening for Breast Cancer: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/pth_4-Mnau_pZubaefDvUk
     January 01, 2020 - Most of these trials began enrollment more than 30 years ago, and these estimates may not reflect the … The best estimates from randomized, con- trolled trials (RCTs) evaluating the effect of mammogra- phy … Current estimates of the magnitude of overdiag- nosis associated with mammography screening vary widely … This has re- sulted in a wide range of estimates in the available lit- erature (0% to 54%) (2, 4). … The 6 decision models reported a wide range of estimates of the magnitude of overdiagnosis associ- ated

110. Archived: Evidence Summary: Prostate Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary43/prostate-cancer-screening-2012
     October 07, 2011 - We included only studies that reported risk estimates for mortality adjusted at a minimum for age at … diagnosis and tumor grade (no study reported adjusted risk estimates for treatment harms). … study quality, duration of follow-up, or year of publication did not seem to explain differences in estimates … One observational study stratified estimates for erectile dysfunction and urinary incontinence by use … Lead times and overdetection due to prostate-specific antigen screening: estimates from the European

111. Screening for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: A Best-Evidence Systematic Review (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/teeHcmNgvNBSj4-E9SN5QK
     February 01, 2005 - We used published data from the trials of population-based AAA screening to calculate estimates of unadjusted … We performed meta-analyses to calculate summary estimates for AAA-related mortality and all-cause mortality … It is important to note that these estimates pertain to screening in populations and not to screening … Finally, as previously noted, estimates of absolute risk reduction from the 4 trials are based on screening … These population-based estimates incorporate variability in factors such as rate of participation in

112. Recommendation: Ocular Prophylaxis for Gonococcal Ophthalmia Neonatorum: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/ocular-prophylaxis-for-gonococcal-ophthalmia-neonatorum-preventive-medication
     January 29, 2019 - conditions, including corneal scarring, ocular perforation, and blindness. 7 There are no contemporary estimates … Historical estimates from 19th-century Europe show that gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum was a major

113. Evidence Summary: Aspirin Use to Prevent Preeclampsia and Related Morbidity and Mortality: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary/low-dose-aspirin-use-for-the-prevention-of-morbidity-and-mortality-from-preeclampsia-preventive-medication
     September 28, 2021 - Pooled estimates of the relative risks of health outcomes associated with aspirin use were generated … that had no events in either study group, to assess the robustness of the final REML risk ratio pooled estimates … Few trials reported these events, however, and pooled estimates were not possible to compute. … In the few large studies with these and other maternal health outcomes, risk estimates were too imprecise … studies have found associations between preeclampsia and long-term cardiovascular health. 75 , 76 Estimates

114. Archived: Postmenopausal Osteoporosis: Screening, 1996 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/postmenopausal-osteoporosis-screening-1996
     January 01, 1996 - evidence that screening influences treatment decisions, and that women appreciate the more precise estimates … Measures of bone density provide more reliable estimates of risk than clinical assessment, and they may

115. 4Zmynqjxlv8G4Lzlrrddrm (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/4zmYnqJXLv8g4LzLrrDDrm
     December 01, 2014 - The most commonly used dos- age was 100 mg/d, but the 2 largest trials contributing to the estimates … the Collaborative Low-dose Aspirin Study in Pregnancy (CLASP), provided most of the data for pooled estimates … Pooled estimates provided evidence of a 20% reduction in risk for IUGR (RR, 0.80 [CI, 0.65 to 0.99]; … Absolute risk estimates based on observed event rates ranged from 2% to 5% for preeclampsia, 1% to 5% … sitivity analyses using an alternate method for estimating pooled random effects resulted in similar point estimates

116. Archived: Hepatitis C: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/hepatitis-c-screening-2013
     June 15, 2013 - No studies reported current estimates of the proportion of patients who have biopsy before treatment. … between achievement of SVR and improvement in clinical outcomes, but these studies reported stronger estimates … The pooled adjusted HR estimates for hepatocellular carcinoma were 0.24 (95% CI, 0.18 to 0.31) in the … These estimates assumed a lifetime rate of progression to cirrhosis in untreated patients with HCV infection … In addition, estimates of clinical benefit in the modeling study assumed that risk for cirrhosis and

117. Final Evidence Summary: Tobacco Use in Children and Adolescents: Primary Care Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/other-supporting-document19468/tobacco-and-nicotine-use-prevention-in-children-and-adolescents-primary-care-interventions
     April 28, 2020 - Meta-regression was also conducted to evaluate effects of study-level characteristics on estimates, using … NRT on smoking cessation (defined as 30-day point prevalence abstinence) after 6 or 12 months, but estimates … baseline smokers 2 (n = 523) 2 trials of bupropion demonstrated no benefit over placebo Consistent; estimates

118. Ocular Prophylaxis for Gonococcal Ophthalmia Neonatorum: US Preventive Services Task Force Reaffirmation Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/hEp2uYfD9KRhYTY5fGr8Tp
     October 15, 2018 - Historical estimates from 19th-century Europe show that gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum was a major

119. Archived: Decision Analysis: Aspirin Use to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease and Colorectal Cancer: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/decision-analysis-for-aspirin/aspirin-to-prevent-cardiovascular-disease-and-cancer-april-2016
     April 11, 2016 - to the relative risk for hemorrhagic stroke and CVD mortality but are affected by all relative risk estimates … Our analysis incorporates estimates of age-adjusted case-fatality associated with GI bleeding events. … Moreover, parameter estimates used in this study may not be reliable for populations underrepresented … Annual estimates of the resident population by sex, race alone, and Hispanic origin for counties: April … Estimates of benefits and harms of prophylactic use of aspirin in the general population.

120. Evidence Summary: Lung Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary14/lung-cancer-screening
     March 09, 2021 - Overdiagnosis estimates varied greatly (0%-67% chance that a lung cancer was overdiagnosed). … Incidental findings were common, and estimates varied widely (4.4%-40.7% of persons screened). … In general, estimates were consistent but imprecise, primarily because of a lack of an established risk … for every 1000 people screened with 10 annual LDCTs c Consistent; imprecise Good: 3 Fair: 6 Estimates … of radiation-induced cancers are based on modeling Moderate for radiation-induced harms Estimates