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Showing results for "estimates".

1. Overdiagnosis in Prostate Cancer Screening Decision Models: A Contextual Review for the USPSTF (pdf file)
   www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/KT7vaWK_JSDNNvEmUAjN8d
   May 01, 2018 - Estimates of overdiagnosis are dependent on many factors which vary across different populations (e.g … A measure of the frequency of overdiagnosis using the third denominator estimates the lifetime risk … in previously reported estimates of overdiagnosis. … model estimates. … Individualized estimates of overdiagnosis in screen- detected prostate cancer.

2. Overdiagnosis in Prostate Cancer Screening Decision Models: A Contextual Review for the USPSTF (pdf file)
   www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/Home/GetFile/1/16812/prostate-models-overdiagnosis/pdf
   May 01, 2018 - Estimates of overdiagnosis are dependent on many factors which vary across different populations (e.g … A measure of the frequency of overdiagnosis using the third denominator estimates the lifetime risk … in previously reported estimates of overdiagnosis. … model estimates. … Individualized estimates of overdiagnosis in screen- detected prostate cancer.

3. Overview of Prostate Cancer Screening Decision Models: A Contextual Review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (pdf file)
   www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/vTHBrY6VuqjoouJvUmtkr4
   May 01, 2018 - Comparative modeling studies with robust sensitivity analyses can provide estimates of upper and lower … cancer screening, diagnosis, and treatment is limited; estimates from existing studies vary widely … Estimates of overdiagnosis in the modeling studies use the lead time approach. … to 21 QALYs lost per 1,000 men using the least favorable estimates. … Individualized estimates of overdiagnosis in screen- detected prostate cancer.

4. Overview of Prostate Cancer Screening Decision Models: A Contextual Review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (pdf file)
   www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/Home/GetFile/1/16813/prostate-cancer-models-overview/pdf
   May 01, 2018 - Comparative modeling studies with robust sensitivity analyses can provide estimates of upper and lower … cancer screening, diagnosis, and treatment is limited; estimates from existing studies vary widely … Estimates of overdiagnosis in the modeling studies use the lead time approach. … to 21 QALYs lost per 1,000 men using the least favorable estimates. … Individualized estimates of overdiagnosis in screen- detected prostate cancer.

5. Evidence Summary: Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Stenosis: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
   www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary/carotid-artery-stenosis-screening
   February 02, 2021 - and do not definitively change previous conclusions Harms of revascularization CEA: Pooled estimates … stroke or death after CEA ranged from 2.41% in trials (n = 3436) to 3.32% in cohorts (n = 16,967) CAS: Estimates … after CAS ranged from 3.1% in trials (n = 6152) to 3.8% in a credentialing cohort (n = 1151) CEA: Estimates … of 30-d postoperative stroke or death after CEA ranged from 1.4% to 3.5% (n = 1,903,761) CAS: Estimates … postoperative stroke or death after CAS ranged from 2.6% to 5.1% (n = 332,103) Concerns of bias in harms estimates

6. Archived: Final Evidence Summary: Colorectal Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
   www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary4/colorectal-cancer-screening-2008
   October 15, 2008 - The pooled sensitivity estimates for large adenomas provided here might be considered best-case estimates … The estimates for harms from flexible sigmoidoscopy, however, have much wider CIs. … Specificity estimates are somewhat uncertain. … Sensitivity and specificity estimates for 3D imaging did not clearly differ from estimates for 2D imaging … No significant statistical heterogeneity in pooling estimates of serious adverse events.

7. Screening for Colorectal Cancer: A Targeted, Updated Systematic Review (pdf file)
   www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/UCajZVxQEKLCgs59HV7ddE
   November 01, 2008 - The pooled sensitivity estimates for large adenomas provided here might be considered best-case estimates … Specificity estimates are somewhat uncertain. … Sensitivity and specificity estimates for 3D imaging did not clearly differ from estimates for 2D imaging … or greater, point estimates ranged from 79.6% to 88%. … Estimates of colonoscopy test performance are hampered by lack of a true gold standard.

8. Aspirin for the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Events: A Summary of the Evidence (pdf file)
   www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/xUc_vXf7323faUQY7SePhT
   January 01, 2002 - We estimated beneficial effects by using the odds ratios calculated from the meta-analyses; estimates … analyses to produce plausible ranges around our point estimates. … Summary estimates of the effect of aspirin *Source: Sudlow C. Antithrombotic treatment. … The following caveats apply to these estimates. … Estimates of benefits and harms should be interpreted and compared cautiously.

9. Archived: Evidence Summary: Aspirin Use to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease and Colorectal Cancer: Preventive Medication, 2002 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
   www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/aspirin-use-prevent-cardiovascular-disease-colorectal-cancer-preventive-medication-2002
   January 15, 2002 - Statistical Analyses For individual trials, we calculated estimates of unadjusted odds ratios with … We estimated beneficial effects by using the odds ratios calculated from the meta-analyses; estimates … We based our estimates on 1,000 people receiving aspirin for 5 years and used 95 percent CIs from the … meta-analyses to produce plausible ranges around our point estimates. … Estimates of benefits and harms should be interpreted and compared cautiously.

10. Archived: Aspirin Use to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease and Colorectal Cancer: Preventive Medication, 2002 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/aspirin-use-prevent-cardiovascular-disease-colorectal-cancer-preventive-medication-2002
    January 01, 2002 - Table 1 shows how estimates of the type and magnitude of benefits and harms associated with aspirin … Current estimates of benefits and harms may not be as reliable for women and older men. … USPSTF recommendation incorporates additional data from three recent trials and provides more reliable estimates … Summary estimates showed no significant effects of aspirin on total mortality (OR, 0.93; 95 percent CI … Estimates of Benefits and Harms of Aspirin Therapy Given for 5 Years to 1,000 Individuals with Various

11. Screening for Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Stenosis in the General Population: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/ZgcL6cF6JsFzwRRhaSnqc9
    December 01, 2022 - results and do not definitively change previous conclusions Harms of revascularization CEA: Pooled estimates … stroke or death after CEA ranged from 2.41% in trials (n = 3436) to 3.32% in cohorts (n = 16 967) CAS: Estimates … after CAS ranged from 3.1% in trials (n = 6152) to 3.8% in a credentialing cohort (n = 1151) CEA: Estimates … of 30-d postoperative stroke or death after CEA ranged from 1.4% to 3.5% (n = 1 903 761) CAS: Estimates … postoperative stroke or death after CAS ranged from 2.6% to 5.1% (n = 332 103) Concerns of bias in harms estimates

12. Archived: Evidence Summary: Harms of Screening for Breast Cancer: Breast Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary-harms-of-screening-for-breast-cancer/breast-cancer-screening-january-2016
    January 11, 2016 - Studies are highly heterogeneous, and estimates vary depending on the analytic approach. … Possibly the least biased estimates were derived from 3 RCTs that indicated rates of 11% to 22%. … Interpreting overdiagnosis estimates in population-based mammography screening. … Estimates of overdiagnosis of invasive breast cancer associated with screening mammography. … estimates varies by selection of the denominator

13. Screening for Ovarian Cancer: Review (pdf file)
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/cTa7Hs56-yj4kCr7yXLdRm
    July 01, 1994 - MEDLINE search of the English- language literature and bibliographies of published studies providing estimates … When calculating summary estimates of sensitivity and specificity, we included only studies that had … For studies of the CA 125 radioimmunoassay, calculations of summary estimates were based on studies … § Summary estimates were calculated as an average weighted estimate according to sample size. … See Table 3 for source of sensi- tivity and specificity estimates.

14. Evidence Summary: Latent Tuberculosis Infection: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary-latent-tuberculosis/latent-tuberculosis-infection-screening
    September 06, 2016 - Pooled estimates for sensitivity of the TST at both 5-mm and 10-mm induration thresholds were 0.79 (5 … Pooled estimates for specificity of the TST at the 10-mm and 15-mm thresholds and for IGRAs ranged from … Deaths because of hepatotoxicity were rare across all studies, so estimates were imprecise. … a Unique studies contributing to estimates of sensitivity or specificity or both. … b Unique participants analyzed to generate estimates of sensitivity or specificity.

15. Archived: Evidence Summary: Latent Tuberculosis Infection: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary-latent-tuberculosis/latent-tuberculosis-infection-screening-september-2016
    September 06, 2016 - Pooled estimates for sensitivity of the TST at both 5-mm and 10-mm induration thresholds were 0.79 (5 … Pooled estimates for specificity of the TST at the 10-mm and 15-mm thresholds and for IGRAs ranged from … Deaths because of hepatotoxicity were rare across all studies, so estimates were imprecise. … a Unique studies contributing to estimates of sensitivity or specificity or both. … b Unique participants analyzed to generate estimates of sensitivity or specificity.

16. Archived: Cost-Effectiveness Analyses of Population-Based Screening for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Evidence Synthesis: Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/cost-effectiveness-analyses-of-population-based-screening-for-abdominal-aortic-aneurysm-evidence-synthesis/abdominal-aortic-aneurysm-screening-february-2005
    February 15, 2005 - How will differences in treatment effectiveness affect cost-effectiveness estimates for AAA screening … Disease-specific long-term cost and quality-of-life estimates were included for renal failure, stroke … 2003 dollars) were significantly larger than estimates in most subsequent studies. … How will differences in treatment effectiveness affect cost-effectiveness estimates for AAA screening … These results rely on the quality of the effectiveness estimates, which is an open question based on

17. Archived: Evidence Summary: Breast and Ovarian Cancer: BRCA Genetic Testing, September 2005 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/breast-cancer--brca-testing-ovarian-cancer-screeni
    September 15, 2005 - Variation associated with these estimates was incorporated by using Monte Carlo simulations. … The point estimates and 95% CIs of outcome variables were based on 1,000,000 simulations. … All estimates in the outcomes table are based on cases of cancer, not mortality. … However, SEs associated with the point estimates are usually not available. … Notes:  NNS = number needed to screen. * Based on estimates for mastectomy. † Based on estimates for

18. Archived: Evidence Summary: Breast and Ovarian Cancer: BRCA Genetic Testing, September 2005 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/breast-and-ovarian-cancer-brca-testing-screening-2005
    September 15, 2005 - Variation associated with these estimates was incorporated by using Monte Carlo simulations. … The point estimates and 95% CIs of outcome variables were based on 1,000,000 simulations. … All estimates in the outcomes table are based on cases of cancer, not mortality. … However, SEs associated with the point estimates are usually not available. … Notes:  NNS = number needed to screen. * Based on estimates for mastectomy. † Based on estimates for

19. Evidence Summary: Statins for Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Adults: Statin Use for the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Adults: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary-statins/statin-use-in-adults-preventive-medication
    November 13, 2016 - Seven trials reported similar estimates for fatal myocardial infarction (RR, 0.70 [95% CI, 0.50 to 0.99 … There were no clear differences in estimates between 3 trials 18 , 19 , 31 of statins vs placebo that … For composite cardiovascular outcomes, relative risk estimates were very similar for men and women in … Based on pooled estimates, the NNT to prevent 1 death from any cause was 250 after 1 to 6 years, and … Quality: 5 good-quality trials, 8 fair-quality trials, 1 poor-quality trial Estimates precise

20. Archived: Evidence Summary: Statins for Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Adults: Statin Use for the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Adults: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary-statins/statin-use-in-adults-preventive-medication-november-2016
    November 13, 2016 - Seven trials reported similar estimates for fatal myocardial infarction (RR, 0.70 [95% CI, 0.50 to 0.99 … There were no clear differences in estimates between 3 trials 18 , 19 , 31 of statins vs placebo that … For composite cardiovascular outcomes, relative risk estimates were very similar for men and women in … Based on pooled estimates, the NNT to prevent 1 death from any cause was 250 after 1 to 6 years, and … Quality: 5 good-quality trials, 8 fair-quality trials, 1 poor-quality trial Estimates precise