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Showing results for "estimates".

61. Testing the Predictive Validity of Strength of Evidence Grades | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/grades-predictive-values/abstract
    September 14, 2015 - We used z-scores to compare the effect estimates of the subsets (which we term the "gradeable effect" … The predictive validity of quality of evidence grades for the stability of effect estimates was low:

62. Version 2_Risk of Reinfection From SARS-CoV-2 -- An Update of an Antibody Response Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Implications for Immunity: A Living Rapid Review (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/wysiwyg/pdf/version-2-risk-of-reinfection-from-SARSCoV2.pdf
    July 01, 2022 - We examined the relationship between these factors and protection estimates but lacked sufficient data … We subsequently found a high degree of concordance between our calculated risk estimates and the rates … We generated uncorrected estimates for comparison. … Protection estimates (1 – RR) can be interpreted as the proportion or percentage of infections that … Baseline Factors Age, Sex, and Race In the Denmark study, there was no difference in the estimates

63. Version 2_Risk of Reinfection From SARS-CoV-2 -- An Update of an Antibody Response Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Implications for Immunity: A Living Rapid Review (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/product/pdf/version-2-risk-of-reinfection-from-SARSCoV2.pdf
    July 01, 2022 - We examined the relationship between these factors and protection estimates but lacked sufficient data … We subsequently found a high degree of concordance between our calculated risk estimates and the rates … We generated uncorrected estimates for comparison. … Protection estimates (1 – RR) can be interpreted as the proportion or percentage of infections that … Baseline Factors Age, Sex, and Race In the Denmark study, there was no difference in the estimates

64. The Incident User Design in Comparative Effectiveness Research | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/incident-user-design/research
    May 15, 2012 - But an incident user design also reduces the precision of comparative effectiveness estimates. … First, the confidence intervals for the estimates of comparative effectiveness may be so wide that they … The estimates of comparative effectiveness may be more valid (internally), but apply to fewer patients … Or can valid estimates of comparative effectiveness be obtained by comparison with non-users? … We lack evidence to know how much active control cohorts matter for estimates of comparative effectiveness

65. DEcIDE 32: The Incident User Design in Comparative Effectiveness Research (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/incident-user-design_research.pdf
    May 01, 2012 - But an incident user design also reduces the precision of comparative effectiveness estimates. … First, the confidence intervals for the estimates of comparative effectiveness may be so wide that they … The estimates of comparative effectiveness may be more valid (internally), but apply to fewer patients … Or can valid estimates of comparative effectiveness be obtained by comparison with non-users? … We lack evidence to know how much active control cohorts matter for estimates of comparative effectiveness

66. Methods Guide for Comparative Effectiveness Reviews - Expanded Guidance on Selected Quantitative Synthesis Topics (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/quantitative-synthesis-expanded-methods_methods.pdf
    March 01, 2013 - Note: Vertical lines indicate the estimates for the entire set of 10 studies. … Hence the methods tend to underestimate the error associated with parameter estimates, particularly … It is not unusual for estimates based on a handful of early studies to shift considerably over time … for all estimates. … combined study estimates based on the type of data and choice of effect measure.

67. S16 (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/s16.pdf
    October 01, 2007 - Effectiveness trials More representative estimates of benefits and harms in typical patients. … Systematic reviews and meta-analyses Pooled results may allow estimates of less frequent events and … Can identify more specific estimates of baseline risk to help target treatment. … Administrative database Estimates of major harms across large populations; detection of rare events; … Can we similarly apply harms estimates from WHS?

68. Final_multivariate_v22_CLEAN_03-11-2013 (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/methods-binary-outcomes-evaluation_research.pdf
    March 11, 2013 - Between-study variance estimates in univariate versus multivariate analyses (frequentist analyses) . … Difference in the point estimates with univariate and multivariate meta-analysis versus the number of … Between-study variance estimates in univariate versus multivariate analyses in Bayesian analyses ... … Generally, the point estimates and the lengths of the confidence intervals are comparable using the … (or standard errors of linear combinations of the summary estimates in general5,11).

69. Efficacy and Safety of Screening for Postpartum Depression | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/depression-postpartum-screening/research-protocol
    March 09, 2012 - Incidence estimates for the first 3 postpartum months were up to 6.5 percent for major depression alone … Incorporating additional data published subsequently should add greater precision to these estimates … We will present summary estimates, standard errors, and confidence intervals. … observational studies or a comparison of estimates of the association between a history of intimate … Specific benefits include estimates of treated depression, maternal and infant health care visits, and

70. Breast-Abnormalities-Tests-Update Executive (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/breast-abnormalities-tests-update_executive.pdf
    February 01, 2012 - For example, if a clinician estimates a woman’s risk of malignancy as greater than 50 percent, most … Therefore, we used the estimates of accuracy and various clinical scenarios to address the implicit … These estimates of accuracy were all judged to be supported by a low strength of evidence. … Improving the precision of the estimates of accuracy or upgrading the strength of evidence rating in … Information from more granular groupings of women will allow estimates of test accuracy to be more

71. Addressing Knowledge Gaps in the Treatment of Depression | Effective Health Care Program
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/depression-knowledge-gaps/research
    January 01, 2005 - Investigating differences in treatment effect estimates between propensity score matching and weighting

72. Hepatitis-C Executive (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/hepatitis-c_executive.pdf
    November 01, 2012 - Relative risk estimates ranged from 1.01 to 1.33 in the four trials and may have varied in part due … Relative risk estimates ranged from 0.89 to 1.2. Moderate 11 Table A. … for SVR in men vs. women, and no clear difference in relative risk estimates for Black vs. non-Black … Three trials that restricted enrollment to patients with genotype 1 infection reported risk estimates … for risk of harms that were similar to the risk estimates based on all trials.

73. Ch 11-User-Guide-To-Ocer 130129 (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/ch_11-user-guide-to-ocer_130129.pdf
    January 03, 2012 - Often these assumptions are reasonable and, even when violated, may result in unchanged effect estimates … Alternately, effect estimates may vary with changes in the outcome definition. … Samy Suissa illustrated how the choice of cohort definition can affect effect estimates in his paper … If there is an impact on the estimates for this sort of transformation, it can make sense to try a … The example estimates the association between different statin medications with this biomarker.

74. Ch 10-User-Guide-To-Ocer 130129 (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/ch_10-user-guide-to-ocer_130129.pdf
    January 01, 2011 - selection procedure to use, whether to base selection upon p-values or change in exposure parameter estimates … stepwise regression has limitations that can lead to underestimation of standard errors for exposure estimates … However, the DRS estimates the probability or rate of disease occurrence as a function of the covariates … treatment effects across individuals also are commonly employed to obtain causally interpretable estimates … If subjects with missing data differ from subjects with complete data, then exposure estimates may

75. Dietary-Supplements Executive (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/dietary-supplements_executive.pdf
    April 01, 2012 - Adults Taking Cardiovascular Drugs Executive Summary Background The American Heart Association estimates … Do the effect estimates of clinical cardiovascular outcomes vary by age, ethnicity, gender, or health … Do the effect estimates of harms outcomes vary by age, ethnicity, gender, or health status? b. … Do the effect estimates of pharmacokinetic outcomes vary by age, ethnicity, gender, or health status … • The study reported effect estimates that did not reflect a comparison of supplement plus drug(s

76. Executive Summary - Interventions to Improve Care of Bereaved Persons (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/bereaved-persons-executive-summary.pdf
    December 01, 2023 - Insufficient Self-help intervention Quality of life Both studies reported positive effects, but the estimates … effect Other: Writing and Music Grief symptoms Both studies reported positive effects, but the estimates … : Integrative Medicine Grief disorder symptoms Both studies reported positive effects, but the estimates … : Integrative Medicine Grief disorder symptoms Both studies reported positive effects, but the estimates

77. Methods-Balancing-Harms-Benefits Research-2012 (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/methods-balancing-harms-benefits_research-2012.pdf
    January 01, 2012 - Comparisons The estimates of effect from a study may reflect the beneficial effect of one intervention … concerning harm tend to have more uncertainty compared with estimates of benefit. … The fifth step consists of sensitivity analyses to explore the effects of changing the estimates or … However, the ―T‖ score has no uncertainty estimates. … The reviewers need to indicate the time periods that relate to the estimates.

78. Methods Research Report - Meta-Analytical Statistical Inferences for Continuous Measure Outcomes as a Function of Effect Size Metric and Other Assumptions (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/statistical-inference_research.pdf
    April 01, 2013 - Estimates of sampling variance for the SMD ES in the one-group design with repeated-measures ..... … Estimates of sampling variances for the SMD ES from two-group designs with repeated-measures ...... … Moreover, it is also important to know the best estimates of within-subjects ESs (in single- and in … Estimates of sampling variance for the SMD ES in the one-group design with repeated-measures No. … Estimates of sampling variances for the SMD ES from two-group designs with repeated-measures No.

79. Executive Summary for CER No. 258_Diagnostic Errors in the Emergency Department: A Systematic Review (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cer-258-diagnostic-errors-summary.pdf
    December 01, 2022 - estimates. … present 95 percent confidence intervals (CIs); otherwise, we present plausible range (PR) bounds for key estimates … Preventable harm rate estimates derived from two studies conducted at academic centers (1 in Canada, … Studies of disease-specific error rates were sufficient for meta-analysis (n=6) or at least point estimates

80. Treatment of Dementia Among Community-Dwelling and Institutionalized Medicare Beneficiaries | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/dementia-databases-methods/research
    May 22, 2008 - Abstract Objectives: To establish nationally representative estimates of the use of agents to treat … The aim of this project was to provide nationally representative estimates of the prevalence of the use … The MCBS survey weights are used to project national estimates for each measure. … Data from claims provided slightly higher estimates of dementia cases than self/proxy reports in the … Alzheimer disease in the US population: Prevalence estimates using the 2000 census.