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Showing results for "estimates".

41. Comparative Effectiveness of Antihypertensive Therapies on Cardiovascular Disease Outcomes In End-Stage Renal Disease | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/renal-disease-therapies/abstract
    March 31, 2011 - We will also utilize models to allow for causal estimates of exposure in presence of time varying confounders … We will look for consistency and precision of the estimates across the studies as a means of validating

42. Imaging Techniques for the Diagnosis and Staging of Hepatocellular Carcinoma | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/liver-cancer/research
    October 23, 2014 - effects of the reference standard used and study, patient, tumor, and technical characteristics on estimates … Moderate strength-of-evidence ratings were primarily limited to estimates of diagnostic accuracy for … Across imaging modalities, factors associated with lower estimates of sensitivity included use of explanted

43. Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Screening, Management, and Treatment | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/hypertension-pulmonary-arterial/research
    April 25, 2013 - Random-effects models were used to compute summary estimates of effect where several similar studies … provided estimates. … Echocardiography estimates of pulmonary artery pressures (sPAP, tricuspid gradient [TG], and tricuspid

44. A Bayesian Missing Data Framework for Multiple Continuous Outcome Mixed Treatment Comparisons | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/indirect-comparisons/research-2013
    January 10, 2013 - Ignoring missing data or correlation between outcomes can produce biased MTC estimates leading to high … , to traditional contrast-based approaches, and thus in obtaining more precise and robust parameter estimates

45. Horizon Scanning_Rapid Cost Analyses of Selected Potential High-Impact Intervention Reports (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/horizon-scan_research-2015.pdf
    January 01, 2015 - on some interventions, we provided a range or high and low estimates. … If we exclude the cost estimates for these infrastructure interventions, the total estimate for the … Published estimates of 2013 expenditures on U.S. health care were about $3 trillion. … Our estimates indicate the market could be slightly higher than that. … by the National Cancer; therefore, only estimates of BCC incidence and prevalence are available.

46. 8 (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/methodsguide_chou_assessing_harms_when_comparing.pdf
    November 01, 2008 - Be cautious about drawing conclusions on harms when events are rare and estimates of risk are imprecise … Unpublished clinical trials tend to report lower estimates of treatment benefits than published trials … In more than one-half of the comparisons assessed, estimates of relative or absolute risk varied more … Empirical data are lacking on how use of different selection criteria affects estimates of harms. … In drug trials, use of an independent external endpoint committee may provide less biased estimates

47. 8 (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/methods-guidance-harms_methods.pdf
    November 01, 2008 - Be cautious about drawing conclusions on harms when events are rare and estimates of risk are imprecise … Unpublished clinical trials tend to report lower estimates of treatment benefits than published trials … In more than one-half of the comparisons assessed, estimates of relative or absolute risk varied more … Empirical data are lacking on how use of different selection criteria affects estimates of harms. … In drug trials, use of an independent external endpoint committee may provide less biased estimates

48. Prognostic Tests (ppt file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/medical-test-reviews-prognostic.ppt
    June 01, 2012 - Conduct meta-analyses of estimates of outcome probabilities. … The estimates of absolute risk in different groups are more relevant. … The precision of estimates may not be reported. … Meta-analysis can provide more precise estimates . … Step 5: Meta-analysis of Estimates of Outcome Probabilities (2 of 2) There are methods to combine estimates

49. Prognostic Tests (ppt file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/medical-test-reviews-prognostic.ppt
    June 01, 2012 - Conduct meta-analyses of estimates of outcome probabilities. … The estimates of absolute risk in different groups are more relevant. … The precision of estimates may not be reported. … Meta-analysis can provide more precise estimates . … Step 5: Meta-analysis of Estimates of Outcome Probabilities (2 of 2) There are methods to combine estimates

50. Minimal Modeling Approaches to Value of Information Analysis for Health Research (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/methods-future-value-of-information_research.pdf
    June 01, 2011 - These VOI estimates can inform decisions about the design and priority of those studies. … Comparison of VOI Estimates Across Limited Modeling Studies ..................................21 Table … Comparison of VOI Estimates Across No Modeling Studies..........................................22 … These estimates can aid in the design and prioritization of those studies. … Janssen and Koffijberg (2009)10 focused on the construction of VOI estimates with independent estimates

51. Methods Guide for Medical Test Reviews (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/methods-guidance-tests-metaanalysis_methods.pdf
    July 01, 2012 - Other times, when the sensitivity or specificity estimates vary widely or when the test threshold varies … Because of the above, the current thinking is that, in general, the study estimates of sensitivity and … Recommended Approaches Which Metrics to Meta-Analyze For each study, the estimates of sensitivity … Predictive values are dependent on prevalence estimates. … Estimates are based on a bivariate meta-regression using the time interval as a predictor.

52. Hypertension-Pulmonary-Arterial Executive (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/hypertension-pulmonary-arterial_executive.pdf
    April 01, 2013 - Estimates are often inaccurate compared with RHC; up to 60 percent of echocardiography estimates were … We present summary estimates and confidence intervals in our data synthesis. … Taken in combination with the decision algorithm, and in patients with echocardiographic estimates … Most effect estimates were precise (mPAP, PVR, cardiac index, RAP, 6MWD), but estimates for PCWP were … Most effect estimates were precise (mPAP, PVR, cardiac index, RAP, 6MWD), but estimates for PCWP were

53. Version 2_Risk of Reinfection From SARS-CoV-2 -- An Update of an Antibody Response Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Implications for Immunity: A Living Rapid Review (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/version-2-risk-of-reinfection-from-SARSCoV2_0.pdf
    December 31, 2022 - We examined the relationship between these factors and protection estimates but lacked sufficient data … We subsequently found a high degree of concordance between our calculated risk estimates and the rates … We generated uncorrected estimates for comparison. … Protection estimates (1 – RR) can be interpreted as the proportion or percentage of infections that … Baseline Factors Age, Sex, and Race In the Denmark study, there was no difference in the estimates

54. Instrumental Variable Methods in Comparative Safety and Effectiveness Research | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/instrumental-variable-methods/research
    May 14, 2010 - In the first stage, one estimates the parameters in (2) by least squares. … In the second stage one estimates the parameters in (3) by least squares after replacing the confounded … Split-sample Instrumental Variables Estimates of the Return to Schooling. … IV approaches based on the Wald estimator or linear structural equation models yield estimates of an … ivreg and ivreg2 will yield equal point estimates and standard errors, but ivreg2 offers much more in

55. S103 (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/s103.pdf
    October 01, 2007 - to covariates or potential outcomes, we can estimate the censoring distributions using Kaplan–Meier estimates … where the treatment-specific censoring distribution Ka(t) typ- ically is estimated using Kaplan–Meier estimates … stratify the sample into clearly defined subgroups before constructing the inverse probability-weighted estimates … formulas, researchers can use 2 methods to calculate standard errors of inverse proba- bility-weighted estimates … model, but further empirical work is needed to better understand the behavior of these standard error estimates

56. An analytical framework for quantifying components of variability in prescriber decisions (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/instrumental-variable-methods_research.pdf
    April 01, 2010 - In the first stage, one estimates the parameters in (2) by least squares. … In the second stage one estimates the parameters in (3) by least squares after replacing the confounded … Split-sample Instrumental Variables Estimates of the Return to Schooling. … IV approaches based on the Wald estimator or linear structural equation models yield estimates of an … ivreg and ivreg2 will yield equal point estimates and standard errors, but ivreg2 offers much more

57. Layout 1 (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/breast-biopsy-executive.pdf
    December 01, 2009 - The strength of evidence supporting the quantitative estimates of the frequency of complications is low … The model is based on the point estimates of accuracy from our analyses and do not incorporate estimates … of uncertainty of the point estimates. … The ratings of low strength of evidence apply to the individual estimates of accuracy for each type of … characteristics. 3 Primarily ADH lesions. 4 Estimates based on other literature reviews.

58. S108 (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/s108.pdf
    October 01, 2007 - Results: Estimates of the population causal hazard ratio based on IPW were consistently unbiased across … However, Cox propor- tional hazards regression estimates population-level (mar- ginal) associations. … Parameter estimates generated by IPW are interpretable as population-level causal effects, linked to … These crude HR estimates exhibited bias that ranged from 0.45 to 0.47. … biased than all of the Cox proportional hazards regression estimates.

59. Expanded Guidance on Selected Quantitative Synthesis Topics | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/quantitative-synthesis-expanded-methods/methods
    March 13, 2013 - Note: Vertical lines indicate the estimates for the entire set of 10 studies. … It is not unusual for estimates based on a handful of early studies to shift considerably over time as … all estimates. … In the results, a graphical summary of individual and combined study effect estimates will have to be … combined study estimates based on the type of data and choice of effect measure.

60. Bladder-Cancer-Muscle-Invasive Executive (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/bladder-cancer-muscle-invasive_executive.pdf
    June 01, 2015 - Tumor Characteristics • No study evaluated how estimates of effectiveness of bladder-sparing therapy … Patient Characteristics • No study evaluated how estimates of effectiveness of bladder-sparing therapy … Patient Characteristics • No trial evaluated how estimates of harms associated with NAC or AC vary … Neoadjuvant chemotherapy: effectiveness Low Four trials found no clear differences in estimates of … Effectiveness Insufficient No trial evaluated how estimates of harms associated with NAC or AC vary