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Showing results for "estimates".

41. Fraenkel (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/fraenkel.pdf
    May 29, 2025 -  Preferences • Specific probabilities vs Gist o R example • Average vs individualized probability estimates … Atrial Fibrillation Slide 27: Know the  Numbers • Atrial Fibrillation o Individualized probability estimates

42. Hepatitis-C Executive (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/hepatitis-c_executive.pdf
    November 01, 2012 - Relative risk estimates ranged from 1.01 to 1.33 in the four trials and may have varied in part due … Relative risk estimates ranged from 0.89 to 1.2. Moderate 11 Table A. … for SVR in men vs. women, and no clear difference in relative risk estimates for Black vs. non-Black … Three trials that restricted enrollment to patients with genotype 1 infection reported risk estimates … for risk of harms that were similar to the risk estimates based on all trials.

43. An analytical framework for quantifying components of variability in prescriber decisions (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/instrumental-variable-methods_research.pdf
    April 01, 2010 - In the first stage, one estimates the parameters in (2) by least squares. … In the second stage one estimates the parameters in (3) by least squares after replacing the confounded … Split-sample Instrumental Variables Estimates of the Return to Schooling. … IV approaches based on the Wald estimator or linear structural equation models yield estimates of an … ivreg and ivreg2 will yield equal point estimates and standard errors, but ivreg2 offers much more

44. Ch 11-User-Guide-To-Ocer 130129 (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/ch_11-user-guide-to-ocer_130129.pdf
    January 03, 2012 - Often these assumptions are reasonable and, even when violated, may result in unchanged effect estimates … Alternately, effect estimates may vary with changes in the outcome definition. … Samy Suissa illustrated how the choice of cohort definition can affect effect estimates in his paper … If there is an impact on the estimates for this sort of transformation, it can make sense to try a … The example estimates the association between different statin medications with this biomarker.

45. Dietary-Supplements Executive (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/dietary-supplements_executive.pdf
    April 01, 2012 - Adults Taking Cardiovascular Drugs Executive Summary Background The American Heart Association estimates … Do the effect estimates of clinical cardiovascular outcomes vary by age, ethnicity, gender, or health … Do the effect estimates of harms outcomes vary by age, ethnicity, gender, or health status? b. … Do the effect estimates of pharmacokinetic outcomes vary by age, ethnicity, gender, or health status … • The study reported effect estimates that did not reflect a comparison of supplement plus drug(s

46. Breast-Abnormalities-Tests-Update Executive (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/breast-abnormalities-tests-update_executive.pdf
    February 01, 2012 - For example, if a clinician estimates a woman’s risk of malignancy as greater than 50 percent, most … Therefore, we used the estimates of accuracy and various clinical scenarios to address the implicit … These estimates of accuracy were all judged to be supported by a low strength of evidence. … Improving the precision of the estimates of accuracy or upgrading the strength of evidence rating in … Information from more granular groupings of women will allow estimates of test accuracy to be more

47. Methods-Balancing-Harms-Benefits Research-2012 (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/methods-balancing-harms-benefits_research-2012.pdf
    January 01, 2012 - Comparisons The estimates of effect from a study may reflect the beneficial effect of one intervention … concerning harm tend to have more uncertainty compared with estimates of benefit. … The fifth step consists of sensitivity analyses to explore the effects of changing the estimates or … However, the ―T‖ score has no uncertainty estimates. … The reviewers need to indicate the time periods that relate to the estimates.

48. Evidence-based Practice Center Systematic Review Protocol (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/depression-postpartum-screening_research-protocol.pdf
    May 01, 2013 - Incidence estimates for the first 3 postpartum months were up to 6.5 percent for major depression alone … We will present summary estimates, standard errors, and confidence intervals. … An example of such a subgroup analysis would be a comparison of effectiveness estimates for RCTs versus … observational studies or a comparison of estimates of the association between a history of intimate … Specific benefits include estimates of treated depression, maternal and infant health care visits, and

49. S116 (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/s116.pdf
    October 01, 2007 - to estimate treatment effects; how- ever, IV methods require strong assumptions to yield consistent estimates … cian was unassociated with major medical comorbidities in the current patient, suggesting that the IV estimates … study outcome and also influence treatment choice, standard statistical methods may result in biased estimates … This model yielded adjusted estimates of risk differences. … Even if these condi- tions are met, however, IV methods can result in biased estimates of treatment effects

50. Appendicitis Executive (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/appendicitis_executive.pdf
    December 01, 2015 - .58,59 We used the model estimates to calculate summary positive and negative likelihood ratios (LRs … Estimates of test performance often appeared to be affected by characteristics of study design that … Summary estimates of test performance of laboratory values for the diagnosis of acute appendicitis … CT had high sensitivity (summary estimates ranging from 0.95 to 1) and specificity (0.91 to 0.99 … Summary estimates of test performance of diagnostic imaging for acute appendicitis Test Population

51. S103 (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/s103.pdf
    October 01, 2007 - to covariates or potential outcomes, we can estimate the censoring distributions using Kaplan–Meier estimates … where the treatment-specific censoring distribution Ka(t) typ- ically is estimated using Kaplan–Meier estimates … stratify the sample into clearly defined subgroups before constructing the inverse probability-weighted estimates … formulas, researchers can use 2 methods to calculate standard errors of inverse proba- bility-weighted estimates … model, but further empirical work is needed to better understand the behavior of these standard error estimates

52. Ch 10-User-Guide-To-Ocer 130129 (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/ch_10-user-guide-to-ocer_130129.pdf
    January 01, 2011 - selection procedure to use, whether to base selection upon p-values or change in exposure parameter estimates … stepwise regression has limitations that can lead to underestimation of standard errors for exposure estimates … However, the DRS estimates the probability or rate of disease occurrence as a function of the covariates … treatment effects across individuals also are commonly employed to obtain causally interpretable estimates … If subjects with missing data differ from subjects with complete data, then exposure estimates may

53. Comparative Effectiveness Review No. 258_Diagnostic Errors in the Emergency Department: A Systematic Review (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/diagnostic-error-executive-summary.pdf
    August 01, 2023 - estimates. … present 95 percent confidence intervals (CIs); otherwise, we present plausible range (PR) bounds for key estimates … Preventable harm rate estimates derived from two studies conducted at academic centers (1 in Canada, … Studies of disease-specific error rates were sufficient for meta-analysis (n=6) or at least point estimates

54. Liver-Cancer Executive (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/liver-cancer_executive.pdf
    October 01, 2014 - Most likelihood ratio estimates fell into or near the “moderately useful” range (positive likelihood … One study that directly compared use of Doppler vs. no Doppler showed no clear effect on estimates … Lesion depth and body mass index had no effect on estimates of sensitivity. Table C. … Estimates were similar when studies that used diffusion-weighted imaging were excluded. … of diagnostic accuracy and found no clear effects on estimates.

55. Untitled (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/hepatitis-c_surveillance.pdf
    December 01, 2015 - Relative risk estimates: 0.89 to 1.2. … Women: No difference in relative risk estimates for SVR •! Blacks vs. … Non-Black patients: No clear difference in relative risk estimates. … Relative risk estimates: 0.89 to 1.2. … Non-Black patients: No clear difference in relative risk estimates.

56. Untitled (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/hepatitis-c_surveillance.pdf
    December 01, 2015 - Relative risk estimates: 0.89 to 1.2. … Women: No difference in relative risk estimates for SVR •! Blacks vs. … Non-Black patients: No clear difference in relative risk estimates. … Relative risk estimates: 0.89 to 1.2. … Non-Black patients: No clear difference in relative risk estimates.

57. Angina-Heart-Attack-Treatments Executive (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/angina-heart-attack-treatments_executive.pdf
    January 01, 2014 - We present summary estimates, standard errors, and CIs in our data synthesis. … Summary strength of evidence and effect estimates: upstream versus deferred glycoprotein inhibitor … Summary strength of evidence and effect estimates: upstream versus deferred glycoprotein inhibitor … Summary strength of evidence and effect estimates: clopidogrel upstream (pretreatment) and deferred … Summary strength of evidence and effect estimates: clopidogrel upstream (pretreatment) and deferred

58. Bladder-Cancer-Non-Muscle-Invasive Executive (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/bladder-cancer-non-muscle-invasive_executive.pdf
    October 01, 2015 - When few studies were available for an analysis, we used the moment estimates of correlation between … Estimates from one trial for progression (RR, 2.11; 95% CI, 0.40 to 11.06), noncancer mortality (RR … epirubicin: All- cause mortality Low Estimates favored BCG for all-cause mortality, but differences … epirubicin: Progression Low Estimates favored BCG for bladder cancer progression, but differences … lower doses, but most estimates were imprecise and did not reach statistical significance.

59. S5 (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/s5.pdf
    October 01, 2007 - testing stages.17 Some debate continues about the strengths and limitations of risk adjustment versus IV estimates … IV estimates are useful in assess- ing the effect of treatment rate changes, but decisionmakers need … Increasing restrictions will change rate ratio estimates and reduce bias in studies of treatment effects … benefit from using these approaches in examining com- parative effectiveness or safety or developing estimates … Heterogeneity and the interpretation of treatment effect estimates from risk adjustment and instrumental

60. Physiologic Predictors of Severe Injury: Systematic Review, Evidence Summary (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cer-205-predictors-trauma-care-evidence-summary.pdf
    April 01, 2018 - In cases with few studies, lack of data, or when data were only available as adjusted risk estimates … Tables A, B, and C consolidate the key estimates of the predictive utility of each identified measure … When we were able to pool data, the pooled estimates are given in bold; when data were not pooled, … However, the out-of-hospital estimates are from fewer studies and patients and the estimates are less … While the diversity across the studies meant heterogeneity was high in the pooled estimates and the