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Showing results for "estimates".

21. Executive summary_Evaluation of Dietary Protein and Amino Acid Requirements: A Systematic Review (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/dietary-protein-intake-executive-summary.pdf
    November 01, 2024 - two studies of higher methodological rigor examined protein or indispensable amino acid requirement estimates … development of a single standardized and validated method to assess protein and amino acid requirement estimates … for protein or amino acids, they used different designs and/or methods to calculate the requirement estimates … critically needs a single standardized and validated method to assess protein and amino acid requirement estimates

22. Methods Guide for Medical Test Reviews Chapter 12 (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/methods-guidance-tests-prognostic_methods.pdf
    July 01, 2012 - One option is to use a decision model to frame the review and to focus on providing the best estimates … More relevant are the estimates of absolute risk in different groups defined by the prognostic test. … Several issues need to be examined before trying to pool estimates from different studies. … A meta-analysis could provide more precise estimates of outcome probabilities. … and whether variation in the estimates is related to characteristics of the prognostic groups.

23. Executive Summary_Systematic Review: Association of Digestible Carbohydrate Intake With Cardiovascular Disease, Type 2 Diabetes, Obesity, and Body Composition (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/effect-dietary-digestible-executive-summary.pdf
    March 01, 2025 - Low SOE • Multiple large observational studies providing adjusted estimates. … Low SOE • Multiple large observational studies providing adjusted estimates. … Low SOE • Multiple large observational studies providing adjusted estimates. … Low SOE • Multiple large observational studies providing adjusted estimates. … Low SOE • Multiple large observational studies providing adjusted estimates.

24. Depression-Postpartum-Screening Executive (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/depression-postpartum-screening_executive.pdf
    May 01, 2013 - In general, sensitivity estimates increased as specificity decreased, and sensitivity estimates were … less precise than specificity estimates. … at varying thresholds; wide 95% CIs for point estimates at each threshold) Specificity 1 (506) … CIs for sensitivity estimates for all screening tests were wide, and for the most part sensitivity … and specificity estimates were qualitatively similar.

25. S158 (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/s158.pdf
    October 01, 2007 - Conclusions: Estimates of drug effects can be adjusted for con- founders that are not available in the … Based on the similarity of these 2 estimates the authors conclude that the protective effect (of NSAIDs … If confounding by the additional covariates is detected in stage 2, however, the estimates from stages … Within the validation study, one estimates a linear measurement error model with the “true” or gold- … from this measurement error model to correct the naive regression estimates obtained from error-prone

26. Tinnitus Executive (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/tinnitus_executive.pdf
    August 01, 2013 - However, because of high risk of bias and imprecise effect estimates (i.e., only studies with group … However, because of high risk of bias and imprecise effect estimates, confidence is low that these … However, because of high risk of bias and imprecise effect estimates, confidence is low that these … However, because of high risk of bias and imprecise effect estimates, confidence is low that these … Effect- size estimates were inconsistent or imprecise, and risk of bias was moderate.

27. Horizon Scanning_Rapid Cost Analyses of Selected Potential High-Impact Intervention Reports (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/horizon-scan_research-2015.pdf
    January 01, 2015 - on some interventions, we provided a range or high and low estimates. … If we exclude the cost estimates for these infrastructure interventions, the total estimate for the … Published estimates of 2013 expenditures on U.S. health care were about $3 trillion. … Our estimates indicate the market could be slightly higher than that. … by the National Cancer; therefore, only estimates of BCC incidence and prevalence are available.

28. 8 (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/methodsguide_chou_assessing_harms_when_comparing.pdf
    November 01, 2008 - Be cautious about drawing conclusions on harms when events are rare and estimates of risk are imprecise … Unpublished clinical trials tend to report lower estimates of treatment benefits than published trials … In more than one-half of the comparisons assessed, estimates of relative or absolute risk varied more … Empirical data are lacking on how use of different selection criteria affects estimates of harms. … In drug trials, use of an independent external endpoint committee may provide less biased estimates

29. 8 (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/methods-guidance-harms_methods.pdf
    November 01, 2008 - Be cautious about drawing conclusions on harms when events are rare and estimates of risk are imprecise … Unpublished clinical trials tend to report lower estimates of treatment benefits than published trials … In more than one-half of the comparisons assessed, estimates of relative or absolute risk varied more … Empirical data are lacking on how use of different selection criteria affects estimates of harms. … In drug trials, use of an independent external endpoint committee may provide less biased estimates

30. Prognostic Tests (ppt file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/medical-test-reviews-prognostic.ppt
    June 01, 2012 - Conduct meta-analyses of estimates of outcome probabilities. … The estimates of absolute risk in different groups are more relevant. … The precision of estimates may not be reported. … Meta-analysis can provide more precise estimates . … Step 5: Meta-analysis of Estimates of Outcome Probabilities (2 of 2) There are methods to combine estimates

31. Prognostic Tests (ppt file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/medical-test-reviews-prognostic.ppt
    June 01, 2012 - Conduct meta-analyses of estimates of outcome probabilities. … The estimates of absolute risk in different groups are more relevant. … The precision of estimates may not be reported. … Meta-analysis can provide more precise estimates . … Step 5: Meta-analysis of Estimates of Outcome Probabilities (2 of 2) There are methods to combine estimates

32. Minimal Modeling Approaches to Value of Information Analysis for Health Research (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/methods-future-value-of-information_research.pdf
    June 01, 2011 - These VOI estimates can inform decisions about the design and priority of those studies. … Comparison of VOI Estimates Across Limited Modeling Studies ..................................21 Table … Comparison of VOI Estimates Across No Modeling Studies..........................................22 … These estimates can aid in the design and prioritization of those studies. … Janssen and Koffijberg (2009)10 focused on the construction of VOI estimates with independent estimates

33. Methods Guide for Medical Test Reviews (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/methods-guidance-tests-metaanalysis_methods.pdf
    July 01, 2012 - Other times, when the sensitivity or specificity estimates vary widely or when the test threshold varies … Because of the above, the current thinking is that, in general, the study estimates of sensitivity and … Recommended Approaches Which Metrics to Meta-Analyze For each study, the estimates of sensitivity … Predictive values are dependent on prevalence estimates. … Estimates are based on a bivariate meta-regression using the time interval as a predictor.

34. Version 2_Risk of Reinfection From SARS-CoV-2 -- An Update of an Antibody Response Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Implications for Immunity: A Living Rapid Review (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/version-2-risk-of-reinfection-from-SARSCoV2_0.pdf
    December 31, 2022 - We examined the relationship between these factors and protection estimates but lacked sufficient data … We subsequently found a high degree of concordance between our calculated risk estimates and the rates … We generated uncorrected estimates for comparison. … Protection estimates (1 – RR) can be interpreted as the proportion or percentage of infections that … Baseline Factors Age, Sex, and Race In the Denmark study, there was no difference in the estimates

35. Hypertension-Pulmonary-Arterial Executive (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/hypertension-pulmonary-arterial_executive.pdf
    April 01, 2013 - Estimates are often inaccurate compared with RHC; up to 60 percent of echocardiography estimates were … We present summary estimates and confidence intervals in our data synthesis. … Taken in combination with the decision algorithm, and in patients with echocardiographic estimates … Most effect estimates were precise (mPAP, PVR, cardiac index, RAP, 6MWD), but estimates for PCWP were … Most effect estimates were precise (mPAP, PVR, cardiac index, RAP, 6MWD), but estimates for PCWP were

36. Layout 1 (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/breast-biopsy-executive.pdf
    December 01, 2009 - The strength of evidence supporting the quantitative estimates of the frequency of complications is low … The model is based on the point estimates of accuracy from our analyses and do not incorporate estimates … of uncertainty of the point estimates. … The ratings of low strength of evidence apply to the individual estimates of accuracy for each type of … characteristics. 3 Primarily ADH lesions. 4 Estimates based on other literature reviews.

37. S108 (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/s108.pdf
    October 01, 2007 - Results: Estimates of the population causal hazard ratio based on IPW were consistently unbiased across … However, Cox propor- tional hazards regression estimates population-level (mar- ginal) associations. … Parameter estimates generated by IPW are interpretable as population-level causal effects, linked to … These crude HR estimates exhibited bias that ranged from 0.45 to 0.47. … biased than all of the Cox proportional hazards regression estimates.

38. DEcIDE 32: The Incident User Design in Comparative Effectiveness Research (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/incident-user-design_research.pdf
    May 01, 2012 - But an incident user design also reduces the precision of comparative effectiveness estimates. … First, the confidence intervals for the estimates of comparative effectiveness may be so wide that they … The estimates of comparative effectiveness may be more valid (internally), but apply to fewer patients … Or can valid estimates of comparative effectiveness be obtained by comparison with non-users? … We lack evidence to know how much active control cohorts matter for estimates of comparative effectiveness

39. Methods Guide for Comparative Effectiveness Reviews - Expanded Guidance on Selected Quantitative Synthesis Topics (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/quantitative-synthesis-expanded-methods_methods.pdf
    March 01, 2013 - Note: Vertical lines indicate the estimates for the entire set of 10 studies. … Hence the methods tend to underestimate the error associated with parameter estimates, particularly … It is not unusual for estimates based on a handful of early studies to shift considerably over time … for all estimates. … combined study estimates based on the type of data and choice of effect measure.

40. S16 (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/s16.pdf
    October 01, 2007 - Effectiveness trials More representative estimates of benefits and harms in typical patients. … Systematic reviews and meta-analyses Pooled results may allow estimates of less frequent events and … Can identify more specific estimates of baseline risk to help target treatment. … Administrative database Estimates of major harms across large populations; detection of rare events; … Can we similarly apply harms estimates from WHS?