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Showing results for "estimates".

21. PowerPoint Presentation (ppt file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/medical-test-reviews-options-summarizing.ppt
    June 01, 2012 - The black lines represent the naïve estimates of these two quantities. … Naïve estimates of index test Se and Sp are biased downward (underestimated). … Analysis Option 3: Calculate “Naïve” Estimates and Discuss Bias Option three calculates the estimates … Problem: Model mis-specification can result in biased estimates. … but with the understanding that these estimates are naïve.

22. PowerPoint Presentation (ppt file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/medical-test-reviews-options-summarizing.ppt
    June 01, 2012 - The black lines represent the naïve estimates of these two quantities. … Naïve estimates of index test Se and Sp are biased downward (underestimated). … Analysis Option 3: Calculate “Naïve” Estimates and Discuss Bias Option three calculates the estimates … Problem: Model mis-specification can result in biased estimates. … but with the understanding that these estimates are naïve.

23. Han (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/han.pdf
    December 26, 2012 - models (CPMs) o “…provide the evidence-­‐based input for shared decision  making, by providing estimates … indeterminacy (randomness) • First-­‐order, aleatory  uncertainty   o Represented by probability estimates … graphs  illustrating the visual random  static and visual random  dynamic indeterminacy in risk estimates … Slide 21: Representing  indeterminacy in risk estimates: new approaches • Limited  evidence on … ”  decision making • Unknown outcomes, added value above communicating magnitude of probability estimates

24. Continuous-Outcomes-Quantitative-Synthesis Methods (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/continuous-outcomes-quantitative-synthesis_methods.pdf
    March 01, 2011 - This section and the next focus on different estimates of mean difference and choice of estimates for … If ANCOVA estimates are not reported, conduct analyses using both estimates from options 1 and 2 and … Since ANCOVA estimates lie between the estimates from options 1 and 2, the more conservative combined … If the results from the two estimates do not agree, investigators may also present both combined estimates … Choice of estimates for mean difference under baseline imbalance The ANCOVA estimates are least

25. Evaluating Practices and Developing Tools for Comparative Effectiveness Reviews of Diagnostic Test Accuracy: Methods for the Joint Meta-Analysis of Multiple Tests (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/diagnostic-tests-accuracy_research.pdf
    January 01, 2013 - and for differences between summary estimates. … Estimates from the former group are confounded by study setting, whereas estimates from the latter group … estimates for the false-positive rates. … Normal approximation, estimates of τ ',R Discrete likelihood, estimates of τ ',R Separate meta- analyses … approximation, estimates of τ ',R Discrete likelihood, estimates of τ ',R Separate meta- analyses

26. Protocol for Quantitative Assessment of Benefit and Harm analysis of Aspirin for primary prevention (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/methods-balancing-harms-benefits_research.pdf
    February 01, 2014 - Effect Estimates of Aspirin on Benefit and Harm Outcomes We used the effect estimates from an updated … To estimate the risk of death we relied on 2007 estimates from the U.S. … we had more uncertainty around the NNT and NNH estimates. … The NNT approach estimates the NNT directly using equation 6 (see Table 8). … For the example of aspirin, the NNH estimates are so much lower than the NNT estimates that one may

27. Measures for Primary Healthcare Spending (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/primary-healthcare-spending-technical-brief-protocol.pdf
    January 01, 2023 - present information about estimation methods including: 1) who has used different methods; 2) how estimates … this Technical Brief; 2) an overview (map) of the evidence linking different primary care spending estimates … Range of spending estimates iv. Sensitivity analyses b. … We will be limited to the U.S. experience and estimates of spending for primary care will be the focus … populations, report on models or methods that have been used to generate estimates not just hypothetical

28. Primary-Healthcare-Spending-Draft-Tech-Brief-Appendix-H (xls file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/primary-healthcare-spending-draft-tech-brief-appendix-h.xlsx
    January 01, 2011 - Evidence Table H-1 Estimate Number of annual estimates (years) Claims data Non-claims data Other data … They are provided to contrast two estimates produced by a single organization and they do NOT have the … b Estimates that did not define their definition of primary care spending as either broad or narrow … Claims- and Non-Claims-Based Estimates Evidence Table H-2 First Author/Organization # of estimates … Estimates of MEPS Data

29. Choice-Of-Mean White-Paper (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/choice-of-mean_white-paper.pdf
    April 01, 2015 - An Empirical Evaluation of the Impact of Choice of Mean Difference Estimates. … of mean difference, while the ANCOVA model provides the least biased estimates. … All of these estimates provide unbiased estimates of mean difference when the clinical trials are adequately … data to calculate the ANCOVA estimates. … , which may be partly because only a few ANCOVA estimates were reported.

30. Empirical Evidence of Associations Between Trial Quality and Effect Size | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/trial-quality-effect-evidence/research
    June 21, 2011 - To examine the empirical evidence for associations between a set of proposed quality criteria and estimates … Allocation concealment was consistently associated with slightly smaller treatment effect estimates across

31. Validity and Inter-rater Reliability Testing of Quality Assessment Instruments | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/quality-tools-testing/research
    March 20, 2012 - Within each meta-analysis, we generated a ratio of pooled estimates for each quality domain. … The ratios were combined to give an overall estimate of differences in effect estimates with inverse-variance … We found no association between individual NOS items or overall NOS score and effect estimates.

32. Modeling to evaluate benefits and harms of new diagnostic tests compared to established diagnostic tests – uses and limitations (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/benefits-harms-modeling_research.pdf
    November 19, 2009 - of test performance across studies, choosing modeling outcomes, and obtaining summary estimates for … In simulation models, estimates of sensitivity and specificity are often “borrowed” across settings … Transferability or Nontransferability of Performance Estimates Across Studies Evaluating the Test in … One has to be very cautious in generalizing estimates of diagnostic performance across studies that … Designing studies to ensure that estimates of test accuracy are transferable.

33. Conducting Quantitative Synthesis when Comparing Medical Interventions: AHRQ and the Effective Health Care Program (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/methodsguide_conductingquantitativesynthesis.pdf
    October 01, 2010 - Both the direction and magnitude of effect estimates should be considered. … C would provide indirect estimates of A vs. B through the ―common reference,‖ C. … When the prior distributions are vague, Bayesian estimates are usually similar to estimates using … Estimates accounted for within-individual correlation are best for meta-analysis. … Robust estimates provide more confidence in the findings in the review.

34. Conducting Quantitative Synthesis when Comparing Medical Interventions: AHRQ and the Effective Health Care Program (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/methods-guidance-quantitative-synthesis_methods.pdf
    October 01, 2010 - Both the direction and magnitude of effect estimates should be considered. … C would provide indirect estimates of A vs. B through the ―common reference,‖ C. … When the prior distributions are vague, Bayesian estimates are usually similar to estimates using … Estimates accounted for within-individual correlation are best for meta-analysis. … Robust estimates provide more confidence in the findings in the review.

35. Body Weight | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/health-topics/body-weight
    September 29, 2011 - An Empirical Evaluation of the Impact of Choice of Mean Difference Estimates White Paper

36. Methods Guide for Medical Test Reviews Chapter 12 (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/methods-guidance-tests-prognostic_methods.pdf
    July 01, 2012 - One option is to use a decision model to frame the review and to focus on providing the best estimates … More relevant are the estimates of absolute risk in different groups defined by the prognostic test. … Several issues need to be examined before trying to pool estimates from different studies. … A meta-analysis could provide more precise estimates of outcome probabilities. … and whether variation in the estimates is related to characteristics of the prognostic groups.

37. Treatment for Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Adults | Effective Health Care (EHC) Program
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/hepatitis-c/research
    November 27, 2012 - There were no clear differences in estimates of relative effectiveness in patient subgroups defined by … therapy had a lower risk of all-cause mortality than patients with no SVR, with adjusted hazard ratio estimates … appears to be associated with decreased risk of all-cause mortality compared with no SVR, although estimates

38. Depression-Postpartum-Screening Executive (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/depression-postpartum-screening_executive.pdf
    May 01, 2013 - In general, sensitivity estimates increased as specificity decreased, and sensitivity estimates were … less precise than specificity estimates. … at varying thresholds; wide 95% CIs for point estimates at each threshold) Specificity 1 (506) … CIs for sensitivity estimates for all screening tests were wide, and for the most part sensitivity … and specificity estimates were qualitatively similar.

39. S158 (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/s158.pdf
    October 01, 2007 - Conclusions: Estimates of drug effects can be adjusted for con- founders that are not available in the … Based on the similarity of these 2 estimates the authors conclude that the protective effect (of NSAIDs … If confounding by the additional covariates is detected in stage 2, however, the estimates from stages … Within the validation study, one estimates a linear measurement error model with the “true” or gold- … from this measurement error model to correct the naive regression estimates obtained from error-prone

40. Tinnitus Executive (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/tinnitus_executive.pdf
    August 01, 2013 - However, because of high risk of bias and imprecise effect estimates (i.e., only studies with group … However, because of high risk of bias and imprecise effect estimates, confidence is low that these … However, because of high risk of bias and imprecise effect estimates, confidence is low that these … However, because of high risk of bias and imprecise effect estimates, confidence is low that these … Effect- size estimates were inconsistent or imprecise, and risk of bias was moderate.