Results

Total Results: 1,475 records

Showing results for "estimates".

1. Executive Summary_Comparative Effectiveness Review No. 273_Treatment of Stages I-III Squamous Cell Anal Cancer: A Systematic Review (pdf file)
   effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cer-273-anal-cancer-executive-summary.pdf
   August 01, 2024 - late harms 1; RCT; n=585 No significant difference, imprecise estimates. … Moderate DM (up to 5 yrs) 1; RCT; n=682 No significant difference, precise estimates. … Low PFS, CR 1; RCT; n=940 No significant difference, precise estimates. … Low Late harms 1; RCT; n=682 No significant difference, imprecise estimates. … Low Acute derm, GI, GU harms 1; RCT; n=144 No significant difference, imprecise estimates.

2. Suppl-1-User-Guide-To-Ocer 130129 (pdf file)
   effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/suppl-1-user-guide-to-ocer_130129.pdf
   January 01, 2011 - 161 Abstract The identification process is an a priori assessment of the treatment effect estimates … Risk adjustment (RA) methods produce these estimates. … Assumptions Required To Yield Unbiased Estimates For RA estimators to yield unbiased estimates of … of ATT from RA estimators or estimates of LATE from IV estimators. … Understanding instrumental variables estimates of treatment effects.

3. S123 (pdf file)
   effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/s123.pdf
   October 01, 2007 - ORIGINAL ARTICLE Heterogeneity and the Interpretation of Treatment Effect Estimates From Risk Adjustment … Results: Risk adjustment models yielded average survival estimates similar to trial results. … and these estimates varied with the instrument specification. … Including both instruments in the specification yielded estimates between the estimates found with the … Understanding instrumental variables estimates of treatment effects.

4. Research White Paper - Assessing the Predictive Validity of Strength of Evidence Grades: A Meta-Epidemiological Study (pdf file)
   effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/grades-predictive-values_white-paper.pdf
   September 01, 2015 - For each of the 160 documents, we determined whether estimates remained stable as subsequent studies … Thus, we used these estimates as “gold standards” to determine the predictive validity. … estimates of the gradeable documents with the high SOE estimates from the Cochrane reports (the gold … Conversely, substantially more low or insufficient SOE estimates than expected remained stable. … The circles in the columns reflect the point estimates.

5. Grades-Predictive-Values White-Paper-2015 (pdf file)
   effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/grades-predictive-values_white-paper-2015.pdf
   January 01, 2015 - Modified Bland-Altman diagram comparing the point estimates of the first trials with the point estimates … Assessing Concordance in Effect Estimates To assess the concordance or discordance of effect estimates … between the point estimates of first trials and point estimates of the pooled subsequent trials was … 4 displays a modified Bland-Altman diagram comparing point estimates of first trials with point estimates … Modified Bland-Altman diagram comparing the point estimates of the first trials with the point estimates

6. S166 (pdf file)
   effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/s166.pdf
   October 01, 2007 - Results: Estimates for comparisons tended to be clinically and statistically similar across methods. … Estimates obtained through indirect comparisons were not biased and were similar to those obtained through … than of direct estimates (assuming similar sample sizes). … Perhaps we need not have been so modest in our presentation of these earlier indirect estimates. … �ib � Normal�0,10000 Prior distribution for study level estimates.

7. Quantitative Synthesis: Chapter 5. Network Meta-Analysis (pdf file)
   effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/ehc-presentation-quantitative-synthesis-chapter-5.pdf
   February 01, 2018 - Learning objective Network meta-analysis • Decision-makers want head-to-head estimates of different … for the same treatment comparison.3,4 ► In closed loops, direct and indirect estimates of treatment … • The simple indirect comparison approach is to qualitatively compare the point estimates and overlap … ► The approach involves presenting the 3 estimates for each comparison (direct, indirect, and network … estimates), then rating strength of evidence separately fore ach one. 13.

8. Methods Guide for Medical Test Reviews Chapter 9 (pdf file)
   effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/methods-guidance-tests-performance_methods.pdf
   July 01, 2012 - “imperfect” reference standard), the typical (“naïve”) estimates of sensitivity and specificity are … Qualify the interpretation of naïve estimates of the index test’s performance. … of the bias of these naïve estimates. … Adjust or correct the naïve estimates of sensitivity and specificity. … the naïve estimates of sensitivity and specificity in the ROC space (see Figure 9–3).

9. PowerPoint Presentation (ppt file)
   effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/medical-test-reviews-options-summarizing.ppt
   June 01, 2012 - The black lines represent the naïve estimates of these two quantities. … Naïve estimates of index test Se and Sp are biased downward (underestimated). … Analysis Option 3: Calculate “Naïve” Estimates and Discuss Bias Option three calculates the estimates … Problem: Model mis-specification can result in biased estimates. … but with the understanding that these estimates are naïve.

10. PowerPoint Presentation (ppt file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/medical-test-reviews-options-summarizing.ppt
    June 01, 2012 - The black lines represent the naïve estimates of these two quantities. … Naïve estimates of index test Se and Sp are biased downward (underestimated). … Analysis Option 3: Calculate “Naïve” Estimates and Discuss Bias Option three calculates the estimates … Problem: Model mis-specification can result in biased estimates. … but with the understanding that these estimates are naïve.

11. Gastric-Cancers-Supplementary-App-E (xls file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/gastric-cancers-supplementary-app-e.xlsx
    June 25, 2025 - Estimates below the diagonal represent network meta‐analysis results while those above represent pairwise … Estimates below the diagonal represent network meta‐analysis results while those above represent pairwise … Estimates below the diagonal represent network meta‐analysis results while those above represent pairwise … Estimates below the diagonal represent network meta‐analysis results while those above represent pairwise … Estimates below the diagonal represent network meta‐analysis results while those above represent pairwise

12. Han (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/han.pdf
    December 26, 2012 - models (CPMs) o “…provide the evidence-­‐based input for shared decision  making, by providing estimates … indeterminacy (randomness) • First-­‐order, aleatory  uncertainty   o Represented by probability estimates … graphs  illustrating the visual random  static and visual random  dynamic indeterminacy in risk estimates … Slide 21: Representing  indeterminacy in risk estimates: new approaches • Limited  evidence on … ”  decision making • Unknown outcomes, added value above communicating magnitude of probability estimates

13. Continuous-Outcomes-Quantitative-Synthesis Methods (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/continuous-outcomes-quantitative-synthesis_methods.pdf
    March 01, 2011 - This section and the next focus on different estimates of mean difference and choice of estimates for … If ANCOVA estimates are not reported, conduct analyses using both estimates from options 1 and 2 and … Since ANCOVA estimates lie between the estimates from options 1 and 2, the more conservative combined … If the results from the two estimates do not agree, investigators may also present both combined estimates … Choice of estimates for mean difference under baseline imbalance The ANCOVA estimates are least

14. Evaluating Practices and Developing Tools for Comparative Effectiveness Reviews of Diagnostic Test Accuracy: Methods for the Joint Meta-Analysis of Multiple Tests (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/diagnostic-tests-accuracy_research.pdf
    January 01, 2013 - and for differences between summary estimates. … Estimates from the former group are confounded by study setting, whereas estimates from the latter group … estimates for the false-positive rates. … Normal approximation, estimates of τ ',R Discrete likelihood, estimates of τ ',R Separate meta- … approximation, estimates of τ ',R Discrete likelihood, estimates of τ ',R Separate meta- analyses

15. Protocol for Quantitative Assessment of Benefit and Harm analysis of Aspirin for primary prevention (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/methods-balancing-harms-benefits_research.pdf
    February 01, 2014 - Effect Estimates of Aspirin on Benefit and Harm Outcomes We used the effect estimates from an updated … To estimate the risk of death we relied on 2007 estimates from the U.S. … we had more uncertainty around the NNT and NNH estimates. … The NNT approach estimates the NNT directly using equation 6 (see Table 8). … For the example of aspirin, the NNH estimates are so much lower than the NNT estimates that one may

16. Measures for Primary Healthcare Spending (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/primary-healthcare-spending-technical-brief-protocol.pdf
    January 01, 2023 - present information about estimation methods including: 1) who has used different methods; 2) how estimates … this Technical Brief; 2) an overview (map) of the evidence linking different primary care spending estimates … Range of spending estimates iv. Sensitivity analyses b. … We will be limited to the U.S. experience and estimates of spending for primary care will be the focus … populations, report on models or methods that have been used to generate estimates not just hypothetical

17. Choice-Of-Mean White-Paper (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/choice-of-mean_white-paper.pdf
    April 01, 2015 - An Empirical Evaluation of the Impact of Choice of Mean Difference Estimates. … of mean difference, while the ANCOVA model provides the least biased estimates. … All of these estimates provide unbiased estimates of mean difference when the clinical trials are adequately … data to calculate the ANCOVA estimates. … , which may be partly because only a few ANCOVA estimates were reported.

18. Modeling to evaluate benefits and harms of new diagnostic tests compared to established diagnostic tests – uses and limitations (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/benefits-harms-modeling_research.pdf
    November 19, 2009 - of test performance across studies, choosing modeling outcomes, and obtaining summary estimates for … In simulation models, estimates of sensitivity and specificity are often “borrowed” across settings … Transferability or Nontransferability of Performance Estimates Across Studies Evaluating the Test in … One has to be very cautious in generalizing estimates of diagnostic performance across studies that … Designing studies to ensure that estimates of test accuracy are transferable.

19. Conducting Quantitative Synthesis when Comparing Medical Interventions: AHRQ and the Effective Health Care Program (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/methodsguide_conductingquantitativesynthesis.pdf
    October 01, 2010 - Both the direction and magnitude of effect estimates should be considered. … C would provide indirect estimates of A vs. B through the ―common reference,‖ C. … When the prior distributions are vague, Bayesian estimates are usually similar to estimates using … Estimates accounted for within-individual correlation are best for meta-analysis. … Robust estimates provide more confidence in the findings in the review.

20. Conducting Quantitative Synthesis when Comparing Medical Interventions: AHRQ and the Effective Health Care Program (pdf file)
    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/methods-guidance-quantitative-synthesis_methods.pdf
    October 01, 2010 - Both the direction and magnitude of effect estimates should be considered. … C would provide indirect estimates of A vs. B through the ―common reference,‖ C. … When the prior distributions are vague, Bayesian estimates are usually similar to estimates using … Estimates accounted for within-individual correlation are best for meta-analysis. … Robust estimates provide more confidence in the findings in the review.