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181. Screening for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: US Preventive Services Task Force Reaffirmation Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/mggnaKHr496c8QCgHe9-tm
     May 01, 2021 - prevent participation in normal activities because of deteriora- tion of lung function.1 In 2020 it was estimated … In 2020 it was estimated that approximately 6% of US adults had been diagnosed with COPD. … Toxic fumes, dust, and chemicals from workplace exposures are estimated to contribute to 15% of COPD

182. Final Evidence Summary: Tobacco Use in Children and Adolescents: Primary Care Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/other-supporting-document19468/tobacco-and-nicotine-use-prevention-in-children-and-adolescents-primary-care-interventions
     April 28, 2020 - Introduction It was estimated … increased rapidly in adolescents, in whom it is more common than cigarette smoking. 3 , 4 In 2019, the estimated … e-cigarette use was 27.5% among high school students and 10.5% among middle school students, and the estimated … Meta-analyses were adjusted for cluster randomization using the sample sizes, number of clusters, and an estimated … the difference between varenicline and placebo on 7-day abstinence had widened (n = 83; 36% vs 17% [estimated

183. Screening for Osteoporosis to Prevent Fractures: A Systematic Evidence Review for the USPSTF (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/R_cAa3AjFGQ2np_aQnzQGA
     February 11, 2025 - Among those enrolled, the mean or median 10-year FRAX-estimated risk of hip fracture was 8.5% in SCOOP … overdiagnosis.32,33 Based on the data reported in the SCOOP and SOS RCTs, the systematic review authors estimated … to 85 y Overdiagnosis 1 Systematic review32 (NA) Based on data from 2 included RCTs, overdiagnosis estimated … older European women (median age, 71 to 76 years) at relatively high risk for hip fracture (10-year estimated

184. 6Ngc3Byq9Jeby Pwyvd6Or (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/6Ngc3byQ9jeBy_pwyvD6or
     September 01, 2014 - Estimated prevalence of asymptomatic CAS is 1%. … An estimated 7 million U.S. adults have had a stroke, and roughly 75% were first attacks (2). … Preventive Services Task Force estimated the sensitivity and specificity for detecting stenosis of 60% … It was estimated that if all 724 patients receiving CEA had arteriography as part of the ACAS (some had … Medical intervention has also been estimated to be 3 to 8 times more cost-effective (89).

185. Recommendation: Tobacco Use in Children and Adolescents: Primary Care Interventions | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/tobacco-and-nicotine-use-prevention-in-children-and-adolescents-primary-care-interventions
     April 28, 2020 - Tobacco use is the leading cause of preventable death in the US. 1 An estimated … annual 480,000 deaths are attributable to tobacco use in adults, including secondhand smoke. 1 It is estimated … 2019, current e-cigarette use increased from 1.5% to 27.5% among high school students 6 , 7 (from an estimated … 220,000 to 4.11 million students); in 2019, 5.8% of high school students (an estimated 860,000 students … Burden Nearly 90% of adult daily smokers smoked their first cigarette by age 18 years. 1 In 2019, an estimated

186. Screening for Osteoporosis: An Update for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/RPB3rmcS9CK_eXPdzXSxZg
     July 01, 2010 - are more likely than women to die in the year after a hip fracture, with mortality rates for men estimated … Results for bisphos­ phonates were statistically significant when estimated using alternative pooling … Support for population screening would be based on evidence that individual risk for fracture can be estimated … To determine the influence of risk factors in selecting women for densitometry screening, we estimated … Ten-year risks for major osteoporotic and hip fractures for U.S. white women estimated from the online

187. Archived: Evidence Summary: Latent Tuberculosis Infection: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary-latent-tuberculosis/latent-tuberculosis-infection-screening-september-2016
     September 06, 2016 - Share to Facebook Share to X Share to WhatsApp Share to Email Print archived Evidence Summary Latent Tuberculosis Infection: Screening September 06, 2016 Recommendations made by the USPSTF are independent of the U.S. government. They should n…

188. Archived: Evidence Summary: Osteoporosis: Screening 2011 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary6/osteoporosis-screening-2011
     July 06, 2010 - White Women Estimated from the Online FRAX Calculator Appendix Figure 3. … Men are more likely than women to die in the year after a hip fracture, with mortality rates for men estimated … Results for bisphosphonates were statistically significant when estimated using alternative pooling methods … Support for population screening would be based on evidence that individual risk for fracture can be estimated … White Women Estimated from the Online FRAX Calculator

189. Behavioral Counseling to Prevent Skin Cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/U7JR2xtrb6EHFyLP6yUTAK
     March 20, 2018 - There were an es- timated 3.3 million new cases of nonmelanoma skin cancer in 2012 and an estimated 91 … In 2018, an estimated 91 270 new cases of mela- noma are expected, representing 5.2% of all new cancer … cases.1 An estimated 9730 persons will die of the disease, representing 1.6% of all cancer deaths.18 … An estimated 2000 persons die from nonmelanoma skin can- cer each year.6 The true prevalence of nonmelanoma … skin cancer is difficult to estimate because it is not a required cancer for registry entry; an estimated

190. JAMA (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/eko8Cp28pZ3SHHfyvTXJW5
     May 13, 2025 - be prevented with third-trimester repeat screening and adequate treatment, whereas the third study estimated

191. Use of Decision Models in the Development of Evidence-Based Clinical Preventive Services Recommendations | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/about-uspstf/methods-and-processes/use-decision-models-development-evidence-based-clinical-preventive-services-recommendations
     May 01, 2019 - Estimated Lung Cancer Mortality Reduction From Annual CT Screening Estimated lung cancer mortality

192. Effects of Mammography Screening Under Different Screening Schedules: Model Estimates of Potential Benefits and Harms (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/r3f2G_ReqS8tN48szHPCxt
     November 01, 2009 - In 2009, an estimated 193 370 women in the United States will develop invasive breast cancer, and about … Benefits We estimated the cumulative probability of un- screened women dying of breast cancer from age … In our previous work (7, 9–11, 13–15), results of each model accurately pro- jected independently estimated … Of the 6 models, 5 estimated rates of overdiagnosis.

193. Archived: Asymptomatic Bacteriuria in Adults: Screening, 1996 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/asymptomatic-bacteriuria-adults-screening-1996
     January 01, 1996 - Asymptomatic bacteriuria in term infants is more common in males (estimated prevalence of 2.0-2.9% vs … children, the likelihood of bacteriuria in the presence of a positive dipstick screening test has been estimated … specificity of screening tests is only about 80% in children, most positive tests will be false positives (estimated … 1% prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria in girls and 0.03% in boys, screening 100,000 children is estimated

194. Screening for Skin Cancer: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/YFZy6kszQPq5tNGdZC25XC
     July 26, 2016 - In 2016, an estimated 76 400 US men and women will develop melanoma and 10 100 will die from the disease … In 2016, an estimated 76 400 US men and women will develop melanoma and 10 100 will die from the disease … study did not report the number of excisions required to prevent 1 death from melanoma, but it can be estimated … skin examination component; therefore, it is likely that the effect of screening alone is smaller than estimated

195. Genetic Risk Assessment and BRCA Mutation Testing for Breast and Ovarian Cancer Susceptibility: Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/ER_LzXdmdRcZ463r4UrGtz
     September 01, 2005 - The USPSTF estimated that the magnitude of these potential harms is small or greater. … The USPSTF estimated that the magnitude of these potential harms is small. … important BRCA mutation, the probability of developing breast or ovarian cancer by age 70 years is estimated … BRCA2 mutations in the general, non- Jewish U.S. population have been published; however, models have estimated

196. Archived: Depression: Screening, 1996 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/depression-screening-1996
     January 01, 1996 - (including direct care costs, mortality costs, and morbidity costs) has been estimated to total almost … compared various depression screening instruments to accepted diagnostic criteria in primary care patients estimated

197. Archived: Sexually Transmitted Infections: Behavioral Counseling | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/sexually-transmitted-infections-behavioral-counseling-2008
     October 15, 2008 - Discussion Burden of Disease Each year, an estimated … Their direct medical costs are estimated at $15 billion annually. 1 Scope of Review The USPSTF reviewed

198. Screening for Syphilis Infection - Recommendation Statement (pdf file)
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/qVACAf9sMmuX48MnnVDcBR
     July 01, 2004 - Sensitivity of the RPR and VDRL tests are estimated to be 78% to 86% for detecting primary syphilis infection … testing.3 The yield of screening using a 2-step process (RPR followed by confirmatory FTA-ABS) can be estimated

199. Archived: Syphilis Infection: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/syphilis-infection-screening-2004
     July 15, 2004 - Sensitivity of the RPR and VDRL tests are estimated to be 78 percent to 86 percent for detecting primary … . 3 The yield of screening using a two-step process (RPR followed by confirmatory FTA-ABS) can be estimated

200. Archived: Statin Use for the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Adults: Preventive Medication | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
     www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/statin-use-in-adults-preventive-medication-november-2016
     November 13, 2016 - available risk calculators tend to overestimate CVD risk, suggesting that actual benefits may be lower than estimated … Discussion Burden of Disease In 2011, an estimated … Fifteen trials reported on all-cause mortality after 1 to 6 years, and pooled analysis estimated an RR … moderate- to high-dose statins is recommended, depending on the patient’s 10-year CVD event risk) or an estimated … CVD events be offered to adults 40 years and older with a 10% or greater 10-year CVD event risk, as estimated