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  1. www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/draft-recommendation/vitamin-d-calcium-combined-supplementation-primary-prevention-falls-fractures-communitydwelling-adults
    December 17, 2024 - incidence rate ratio, 1.03 [99% CI, 0.75 to 1.43] at 3 years followup) were consistent with the pooled RR estimate … compared calcium alone with placebo, but the sample sizes were small and events were rare, so the pooled estimate
  2. www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/family-violence-screening-interventions-1996
    January 01, 1996 - injury, and 3% in serious injury (broken bones, loss of consciousness, hospitalization, etc.). 20 This estimate
  3. www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary19/colorectal-cancer-screening
    May 18, 2021 - available, random-effects meta-analyses were conducted using the restricted maximum likelihood method to estimate … sigmoidoscopy, random-effects meta-analyses using the DerSimonian and Laird method were conducted to estimate … Serious adverse events from screening flexible sigmoidoscopy alone were less common, with a pooled estimate … While CT colonography may also require a follow-up colonoscopy, sufficient evidence was not found to estimate … procedures Perforation: 5.4 (95% CI, 3.4-7.4) events per 10,000 procedures Other serious harms: No estimate
  4. www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary-aspirin/aspirin-nsaids-for-prevention-of-colorectal-cancer-preventive-medication-2007
    March 15, 2007 - In case-control studies, a direct estimate of the RR is not possible. … Reference) Source of Abstracted Data Methods for Selecting Confounders Confounders Individual Study Estimate … RR (95% CI) Index of Heterogeneity and Pooled Estimate; RR (95% CI) Cohort studies … Reference) Source of Abstracted Data Methods for Selecting Confounders Confounders Individual Study Estimate … RR (95% CI) Index of Heterogeneity and Pooled Estimate; RR (95% CI) Cohort studies
  5. www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/hDZUZdx4qLNc2PjbkfWQuw
    April 01, 2016 - Medicine • Vol. 164 No. 4 • 16 February 2016 www.annals.org DISCUSSION We used 6 established models to estimate … Although there is no agreement on methods to estimate overdiagnosis (64) or on its true rate (65, 66) … Life tables adjusted for comorbidity more accurately estimate noncancer survival for recently diagnosed … The models closely estimate observed U.S. trends in incidence and breast cancer–specific mortality.
  6. www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/obstructive-sleep-apnea-in-adults-screening-january-2017
    January 24, 2017 - change in vocal quality, hematomas, ulcerations, infections, and temporary nasal regurgitation. 1 Estimate
  7. www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary/latent-tuberculosis-infection-screening
    May 02, 2023 - Test Sensitivity Specificity No. of studies (total N) Pooled estimate … (95% CI) I 2 , % No. of studies (total N) Pooled estimate (95% CI) I 2 , % TST induration
  8. Cancer Older Adults (pdf file)

    www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/sites/default/files/inline-files/cancer_older_adults.pdf
    September 28, 2012 - Recent cancer screening recommendations by the USPSTF have more explicitly tried to estimate rates of … expectations.11 In another analysis of this group, 64 % of subjects felt their physicians could not correctly estimate
  9. www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/carotid-artery-stenosis-screening-1996
    January 01, 1996 - hemodynamically significant carotid stenosis varies with age and other risk factors: population-based studies estimate
  10. www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary24/falls-prevention-in-older-adults-counseling-and-preventive-medication-2012
    December 15, 2010 - When possible, we also quantitatively pooled fall-related outcomes to estimate the effect size of these … In meta-regression models, the effect size of the pooled estimate was not influenced by age, sex, history … sex distribution, history of falling, or risk status of the participants did not affect the pooled estimate … Although the addition of this trial does not affect the pooled estimate of risk for falling, it does … = 52.5% Paradoxical increase in falling in 1 trial No significant clinical harms Pooled estimate
  11. www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary/colorectal-cancer-screening-june-2016
    June 15, 2016 - Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted using the profile likelihood method 22 to estimate the effect … Random-effects models were also conducted using the restricted maximum likelihood estimation method to estimate … perforations from SIG in average-risk screening populations were relatively uncommon: the pooled point estimate … , 185 , 186 major bleeding episodes from SIG were also relatively uncommon, with a pooled point estimate … From 5 SIG screening trials, the pooled estimate was 14 perforations per 10,000 (95% CI, 9-26 in 10,000
  12. www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary43/prostate-cancer-screening-2012
    October 07, 2011 - that false-positive PSA test results are associated with adverse psychological effects but could not estimate … with increased risk for urinary incontinence compared with watchful waiting in 1 small RCT, but the estimate … Chance could also explain the apparent discrepancy between the 2 trials because the risk estimate CIs … Evidence was insufficient to estimate the magnitude of psychological harms associated with false-positive … Risk for urinary incontinence was increased in 1 RCT with a very imprecise estimate (RR, 8.3 [CI, 1.1
  13. www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/evidence-summary-aspirin-to-prevent-cancer/aspirin-to-prevent-cardiovascular-disease-and-cancer-april-2016
    April 11, 2016 - We used the Mantel–Haenszel fixed-effects model to estimate effects when combining studies. 46 We explored … use and greater CRC mortality reduction ( P = 0.04) 52 , 54 , 61 , 64 but did not report a point estimate … long-term (0 to ≥20 years) cumulative risk for CRC (HR, 0.76 [CI, 0.63 to 0.94]). 52 , 54 , 61 , 64 The estimate … Although the estimate lacked precision, aspirin appeared to reduce CRC incidence after 5 years of follow-up … comparability of our 2 reviews is limited given that Cuzick and colleagues did not present an overall estimate
  14. www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/ffNDS7ekxovstoCxxtLJVt
    February 13, 2018 - sufficient to determine the effects of the preventive service on health outcomes, but confidence in the estimate … The FRAX tool includes questions about previous DXA results but does not require this information to estimate … central DXA, the AUC for QUS measured at the calcaneus in women ranged from 0.69 to 0.90, with a pooled estimate … (95% CI, 0.72-0.81; 7 studies; n = 1969).4 In men, the AUC ranged from 0.70 to 0.93, with a pooled estimate … women taking placebo, and an increased risk of urinary incontinence during 1 year of follow-up.4,12 Estimate
  15. www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/cervical-cancer-screening-2012
    March 15, 2012 - It is difficult to estimate the precise magnitude of overdiagnosis associated with any screening or treatment … direct evidence, the USPSTF considered results of decision analyses using the best available data to estimateEstimate of Magnitude of Net Benefit The effectiveness of cervical cancer screening observed in the … Although there is little direct evidence from studies applicable to the U.S. population that provides an estimate … sufficient to determine the effects of the preventive service on health outcomes, but confidence in the estimate
  16. www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/bQNXFv9Q5uaAQvWH6B7VWV
    June 11, 2019 - The estimate from 1 trial (n = 400) of event-driven PrEP (RR, 0.14 [95% CI, 0.03-0.63]) was similar to … the pooled estimate from daily-dosing trials that reported high adherence (5 trials [n = 6928]; RR, … The area of each diamond represents the sample size for each pooled estimate (subgroup or overall analysis … ), and the width of each diamond represents the confidence interval for the pooled estimate. … ), and the width of each diamond represents the confidence interval for the pooled estimate.
  17. www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/document/final-evidence-summary/breastfeeding-counseling-2003
    July 01, 2003 - To estimate the effect of the combination of education plus support on each outcome Pi, we separately … The pooled estimate for the effectiveness of written materials plus education was comparable to that … We used a meta-regression to estimate the effects of education and support alone and conducted a separate
  18. www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/YFZy6kszQPq5tNGdZC25XC
    July 26, 2016 - sufficient to determine the effects of the preventive service on health outcomes, but confidence in the estimate … In the case of skin cancer, there is limited research to estimate the potential magnitude of the burden … generating overdiagno- sis, rather than depicting a true increase in the occurrence of melanoma.8 Estimate
  19. www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/home/getfilebytoken/6-CojmU4NZFXUKggs-_YFU
    January 01, 2010 - To estimate the effect of the combination of education plus support on each outcome πi, we separately … The pooled estimate for the effectiveness of written materials plus education was comparable to that … We used a meta-regression to estimate the effects of education and support alone and conducted a separate
  20. www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/breast-cancer-medications-for-risk-reduction
    September 03, 2019 - assessment tools, such as the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Breast Cancer Risk Assessment Tool, 5 estimateEstimate of Magnitude of Net Benefit Whether risk-reducing medications provide a net benefit depends … Using clinical factors and mammographic breast density to estimate breast cancer risk: development and

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