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  1. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/disruptive-behavior-disorder_clinician.pdf
    August 01, 2016 - Further research is very unlikely to change our confidence in the estimate of effect. … Further research may change our confidence in the estimate of effect and may change the estimate. … Further research is likely to change our confidence in the estimate of effect and is likely to change … the estimate.
  2. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/meditation_research-protocol.pdf
    October 17, 2012 - of the effect and may change the estimate); (3) “low” grade (indicating low confidence that the evidence … reflects the true effect and further research is likely to change our confidence in the estimate of … the effect and is likely to change the estimate); and (4) “insufficient” grade (evidence is unavailable … reflects the true effect and further research is likely to change our confidence in the estimate of … The resulting estimate of precision will be used in the final grading of the strength of evidence.
  3. S149 (pdf file)

    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/s149.pdf
    October 01, 2007 - ORIGINAL ARTICLE Using Propensity Scores Subclassification to Estimate Effects of Longitudinal Treatments … Estimate propensity models. … Estimate expected outcomes in observed longitudinal treatment groups of interest. … Iterate through steps 2–5 to estimate causal effects. … Having obtained an estimate of E{Y(EEE)}, return to step 2.
  4. S108 (pdf file)

    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/s108.pdf
    October 01, 2007 - ORIGINAL ARTICLE A Simulation-Based Evaluation of Methods to Estimate the Impact of an Adverse Event … to adjust for a time-varying confounder leaves residual con- founding and may exaggerate an effect estimate … This value was, in turn, used to estimate the probability of each individual’s observed adverse event … Our goal was to estimate the true population causal HR to estimate bias. … Aggregating results across the 250 runs produced small standard errors around the estimate of the HR,
  5. Layout 1 (pdf file)

    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/breast-biopsy-executive.pdf
    December 01, 2009 - There was insufficient evidence to estimate the accuracy of MRI-guided core-needle biopsies. … Open surgical estimate based on other literature reviews. … Open surgical estimate based on other literature reviews. Abbreviation: US=ultrasound. Figure B. … Open surgical estimate based on other literature reviews. … Open surgical estimate based on other literature reviews.
  6. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/ch_10-user-guide-to-ocer_130129.pdf
    January 01, 2011 - Disease risk scores estimate the probability or rate of disease occurrence as a function of the covariates … These IPTW techniques are used to estimate the parameters of what is often called a marginal structural … An alternative approach to estimate causal effects, other than confounding/covariate control, is the … When homogeneity assumptions are not employed, the resulting causal effect estimate is generally only … Then, excluding these subjects can bias the exposure estimate.
  7. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/back-pain-treatment_clinician.pdf
    November 01, 2016 - Further research is very unlikely to change our confidence in the estimate of effect. … Further research may change our confidence in the estimate of effect and may change the estimate. … Further research is likely to change our confidence in the estimate of effect and is likely to change … the estimate.
  8. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/gout_clinician.pdf
    January 01, 2017 - Further research is very unlikely to change our confidence in the estimate of effect. … Further research may change our confidence in the estimate of effect and may change the estimate. … Further research is likely to change our confidence in the estimate of effect and is likely to change … the estimate.
  9. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/choice-of-mean_white-paper.pdf
    April 01, 2015 - Discrepancy in conclusion occurs when one estimate (e.g., change score) shows significant difference … and the other estimate (e.g., followup score) does not. … , or other estimate of mean difference available or reported in the publication (e.g., an estimate from … estimate does not (i.e., the 4 combined estimate using the mean difference based on the change … Otherwise, the KH estimate was obtained using Stata command metareg.
  10. McCullough (pdf file)

    effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/mccullough.pdf
    January 01, 2011 - patients/surrogates Slide  7: Definitions of Levels of Evidence • Low: “Our confidence in the effect estimate … is limited: The true effect may  be substantially   different from the estimate of the effect … ” • Very low: “We have little confidence in  the effect estimate: The true effect is likely to   … be substantially different from the estimate of the effect.”
  11. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/trauma-informed-care-protocol.pdf
    April 19, 2023 - consistency (similarity of effect direction and size); 4) precision (degree of certainty around an estimate … An imprecise estimate is one for which the confidence interval is wide enough to include clinically … ● Moderate: Moderately confident that estimate of effect lies close to true effect. … Additional evidence necessary before concluding that findings are stable or that estimate of effect … ● Insufficient: No evidence, unable to estimate an effect, or no confidence in estimate of effect
  12. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/primary-healthcare-spending-technical-brief-protocol.pdf
    January 01, 2023 - available from published peer-reviewed articles, gray literature, and experts on approaches used to estimate … will use to inform our search strategy and guide us in assessing whether a standard measure or best estimate … What are the definitions, data sources, and methodologies used to estimate primary care spending in … analysis methods, including sensitivity, if reported, that are part of the approach, and the spending estimate … develop an evidence map describing the current definitions, data sources, and methodologies used to estimate
  13. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/cancer-ovarian-contraceptives_research-protocol.pdf
    March 13, 2012 - Census demographic projections, we estimate that the annual number of new ovarian cancer cases will … Further research is very unlikely to change our confidence in the estimate of effect. … Further research may change our confidence in the estimate of effect and may change the estimate. … the estimate. … Otherwise, we will estimate ranges by adding or subtracting 25 percent from the base-case estimate.
  14. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/toc.pdf
    January 01, 2007 - A Simulation-Based Evaluation of Methods to Estimate the Impact of an Adverse Event on Hospital Length … Can Between-Physician Differences in Prescribing Patterns Be Used to Estimate Treatment Effects? … Wu, , Constantine Frangakis Using Propensity Scores Subclassification to Estimate Effects of Longitudinal
  15. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/product/pdf/improved-cancer-outcomes-protocol_0.pdf
    December 01, 2021 - consistency (similarity of effect direction and size); (4) precision (degree of certainty around an estimate … An imprecise estimate is one for which the confidence interval is wide enough to include clinically … • Moderate: Moderately confident that estimate of effect lies close to true effect. … Additional evidence necessary before concluding that findings are stable or that estimate of effect … • Insufficient: No evidence, unable to estimate an effect, or no confidence in estimate of effect
  16. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/insomnia_clinician.pdf
    August 01, 2017 - Further research is very unlikely to change our confidence in the estimate of effect. … Further research may change our confidence in the estimate of effect and may change the estimate. … Further research is likely to change our confidence in the estimate of effect and is likely to change … the estimate.
  17. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/horizon-scan_research-2015.pdf
    January 01, 2015 - The high-end of the 1-year health care cost estimate for these 53 potential high-impact interventions … Analysts estimate that by 2025, pembrolizumab could generate sales of about $6 billion. … We estimate the annual cost of treating 316 adults at about $110 million. … No cost estimate provided No cost estimate provided Total estimated annual costs of these therapies … We adopted a conservative estimate of 100,000 women undergoing lumpectomy each year.
  18. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/bundled-payments-quality-effects_research-protocol.pdf
    June 23, 2011 - Further research is very unlikely to change our confidence in the estimate of effect. … Further research may change our confidence in the estimate of effect and may change the estimate. … the estimate. … • Precise • Imprecise A precise estimate is an estimate that would allow a clinically useful … An imprecise estimate is one for which the confidence interval is wide enough to include clinically
  19. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/ped-mindfulness-protocol-amendment.pdf
    February 05, 2025 - The four levels are: • High—Very confident that the estimate of effect lies close to the true effect … • Moderate—Confident that the effect estimate lies close to the true effect for this outcome. … Additional evidence is needed before concluding that the findings are stable or that the estimate of … Investigators are unable to estimate an effect or have no confidence in the estimate of the effect of … Precision is the degree of certainty surrounding an effect estimate concerning a given outcome, based
  20. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/ped-mindfulness-protocol-amended.pdf
    September 25, 2024 - The four levels are: • High—Very confident that the estimate of effect lies close to the true effect … • Moderate—Confident that the effect estimate lies close to the true effect for this outcome. … Additional evidence is needed before concluding that the findings are stable or that the estimate of … Investigators are unable to estimate an effect or have no confidence in the estimate of the effect of … Precision is the degree of certainty surrounding an effect estimate concerning a given outcome, based

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