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effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/wysiwyg/pdf/epc-child-adolesc-mental-health-grand-rounds.pptx
May 22, 2025 - reporting and publication bias
Strength of Evidence Interpretation
High: We are very confident that the estimate … Moderate: We are moderately confident that the estimate of effect lies close to the true effect (i.e. … Low: We have limited confidence that the estimate of effect lies close to the true effect (i.e., the … Insufficient: We have no evidence, are unable to estimate an effect, or have no confidence in the estimate
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effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/ch_6-user-guide-to-ocer_130129.pdf
October 30, 2012 - There are
several widely used preference-based instruments
that are used to estimate utility. … For example, to estimate the years of healthy life
lost in a region due to HIV/AIDS, one would first … estimate the prevalence of the disease by age. … When the
misclassification is nondifferential, or equivalent
across treatment groups, the estimate … When the misclassification differs
systematically between treatment groups, it may
distort the estimate
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effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/meditation_executive.pdf
January 01, 2014 - We
therefore used the relative difference-in-change scores
to estimate the direction and approximate … For the purpose of generating
an aggregate quantitative estimate of the effect of an
intervention and … For each outcome, we
displayed the resulting effect-size estimate according to
the type of control … of the effect
and may change the estimate; (3) “low” grade, indicating
low confidence that the evidence … reflects the true effect,
and further research is likely to change our confidence
in the estimate
-
effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/white-paper-roadmap-interventions.pdf
November 01, 2020 - Magnitude: a quantitative estimate of the effect that is independent of the outcome’s
importance. … Statistical significance is related to precision of the estimate, which in
turn is one of the domains … The point estimate indicates
an important benefit or harm,
and the confidence interval
also includes
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effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/fiber-intake-protocol.pdf
August 15, 2023 - feasible, we will also analyze multiple intake thresholds using
generalized least square models to estimate … will assign a consensus strength of evidence (SoE) rating of high, moderate, low, or
insufficient to estimate … This approach is consistent
with the concept that for imprecise evidence “any estimate of effect is
-
effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/cancer-anemia-update_research-protocol.pdf
June 16, 2010 - 4
categories:
High quality: Further research is very unlikely to change our confidence in the
estimate … Moderate quality: Further research is likely to have an important impact on our
confidence in the estimate … of effect and may change the estimate
Low quality: Further research is very likely to have an important … impact on our
confidence in the estimate of effect and is likely to change the estimate
Insufficient … : Any estimate of effect is very uncertain
http://www.effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/�
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effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/vte-prophyalaxis_research-protocol.pdf
March 01, 2011 - analyses by omitting one study at a time to assess the influence of any
single study on the pooled estimate … that the evidence reflects the true effect, and further research may change our confidence in
the estimate … of the effect and may change the estimate); 3) “low” grade (indicating low confidence that the
evidence … reflects the true effect, and further research is likely to change our confidence in the estimate of … the effect and is likely to change the estimate); and 4) “insufficient” grade (evidence is unavailable
-
effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/dietary-supplements_research-protocol.pdf
December 15, 2010 - In general, for
binary outcomes, risk ratios will be the effect estimate of choice, followed by odds … Further research is very unlikely to
change our confidence in the estimate of effect. … Further research may
change our confidence in the estimate of effect and may change the estimate. … Further research is likely to change
the confidence in the estimate of effect and is likely to change … the estimate.
-
effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/menopause_research-protocol.pdf
March 25, 2012 - Because the goal of any pooling is to
estimate unconditional effects,51 random-effects models will be … Further research is very
unlikely to change our confidence in the estimate of effect. … Further
research may change our confidence in the estimate of effect and may change the
estimate. … Further research is likely
the change the confidence in the estimate of effect and is likely to change … the estimate
-
effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/cer-206-evidence-summary-sodium-potassium.pdf
June 01, 2018 - consistency (similarity
of effect direction and size); (4) precision (degree of
certainty around an estimate … Further research is unlikely to change the
estimates.
5
6
• Moderate: Moderate confidence that the estimate … • Low: Limited confidence that the estimate of effect lies
close to true effect. … Further research is likely to change
confidence in the estimate of effect, and may change
the estimate … The methods used to estimate sodium
intake varied across the observational studies, and only
a small
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effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/chronic-cough_research-protocol.pdf
October 22, 2012 - Further research is
very unlikely to change our confidence in the estimate of effect. … Further
research may change our confidence in the estimate of effect and may change the
estimate. … Further research is
likely to change the confidence in the estimate of effect and is likely to change … the
estimate … model, which will be
fitted using SAS®
PROC NLMIXED
(2009; SAS Institute
Inc., Cary, NC), will
estimate
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effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/peripheral-artery-disease-treatment_disposition-comments.pdf
May 29, 2013 - Page 5:
It would be useful to give an approximate estimate of
the number of devices approved in the … We have also attempted
to estimate how many devices are currently approved
in the United States for … What is the significance of a mortality point estimate
for Cilostazol
There are two types of tables … The term “trend” denotes a summary estimate that
appeared to favor one treatment but did not reach … The significance (p-values) for the mortality point
estimate for cilostazol compared to other therapies
-
effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/phenylketonuria_research-protocol.pdf
March 29, 2011 - evidence reflects the true effect and further research is very unlikely to change our
confidence in the estimate … that the
evidence reflects the true effect and further research may change our confidence in the
estimate … of effect and may change the estimate), “low” (indicating low confidence that
the evidence reflects … the true effect and further research is likely to change our
confidence in the estimate of effect and … is likely to change the estimate), or “insufficient”
(indicating that evidence is either unavailable
-
effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/single-group-studies_white-paper.pdf
January 01, 2013 - different time period that had received a different technique.
19
Such studies are often used to estimate … percent), in the presence of positive historical bias in
estimating the null hypothesis (i.e., the estimate … moderately active standard of care agent, and in the presence of negative historical
bias (i.e., the estimate … For example, a single group study of a pharmaceutical agent that enrolls
both men and women can estimate … In order to
estimate whether there is effect modification of treatment effects by sex in single group
-
effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/prostate-cancer-test_research-protocol.pdf
October 14, 2011 - comparators may be limited to meta-
analyses and to studies with 100 patients or more — based on
an estimate … Further research is
unlikely to change our confidence in the estimate of effect. … Further
research may change our confidence in the estimate of effect. … Further
research is likely to change the confidence in the estimate of effect and is
likely to change … the estimate.
-
effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/heart-failure-transition-care_research-protocol.pdf
June 10, 2013 - evidence reflects the true effect: Further research is very
unlikely to change our confidence in the estimate … confidence that the evidence reflects the true effect: Further research may
change our confidence in the estimate … of the effect and may change the estimate. … the evidence reflects the true effect: Further research is likely to
change our confidence in the estimate … of the effect and is likely to change the
estimate.
-
effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/cad-women-treatment_research-protocol.pdf
September 29, 2011 - Further research is very
unlikely to change our confidence in the estimate of effect. … Further
research may change our confidence in the estimate of effect and may change the
estimate. … Further research is
likely to change the confidence in the estimate of effect and is likely to change … the
estimate.
-
effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/pneumonia-antibiotic-treatment_research-protocol.pdf
July 19, 2013 - evidence reflects the true effect; further research is very
unlikely to change our confidence in the estimate … confidence that the evidence reflects the true effect; further research may
change our confidence in the estimate … of the effect and may change the estimate. … the evidence reflects the true effect; further research is likely to
change our confidence in the estimate … of the effect and is likely to change the
estimate.
-
effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/psoriasis-chronic_executive.pdf
November 01, 2012 - evidence reflects the true effect, and further
research is very unlikely to change our confidence in the
estimate … confidence that the evidence reflects
the true effect, and further research may change confidence
in the estimate … of effect and may change the estimate. … the evidence reflects the true effect, and further research
is likely to change confidence in the estimate … of effect and
is likely to change the estimate.
-
effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/infantile-hemangioma_disposition-comments.pdf
January 15, 2016 - But there is no evidence that
this underlying distribution is used to generate an overall
estimate … uncertainty is much
higher in the RCT-only model, due to reduced number of studies, and the
point estimate … Timolol moved, but there is almost no information about
Timolol without cohort studies, so the point estimate … variable model formulation, which
allows arbitrary cutoff values from each study that are combined to
estimate … estimates
a combined probability for each arm, which
is not the model used in the meta-analysis to estimate