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  1. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/kidney-disease-medicine_research-protocol.pdf
    November 01, 2010 - K/DOQI CKD definition and stage classification, and utilizing a urinary ACR >30 mg/g (adjusted to estimate … persistence) as the marker for kidney damage and the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) formula to estimate … applying the more accurate Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) formula to estimate … patients for worsening function or damage is only possible with laboratory testing (i.e., measures to estimate … A new equation to estimate glomerular filtration rate. Ann Intern Med. 2009;150(9):604-612. 4.
  2. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/tonsillectomy_research-protocol.pdf
    February 10, 2016 - These  random  effects  will  allow  us  to  estimate  the  overall  (population)   effect  and  the   … Moderate     We  are  moderately  confident  that  the  estimate  of  effect  lies  close  to  the  true … Low     We  have  limited  confidence  that  the  estimate  of  effect  lies  close  to  the  true  effect … Insufficient     We  have  no  evidence,  we  are  unable  to  estimate  an  effect,  or  we  have  no …  confidence  in  the   estimate  of  effect  for  this  outcome.  
  3. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/fecal-incontinence_research-protocol.pdf
    November 30, 2014 - Very confident that the estimate of effect lies close to the true effect. … Moderately confident that the estimate of effect lies close to true effect. … Limited confidence that estimate of effect lies close to true effect; major or numerous deficiencies … Additional evidence necessary before concluding that findings are stable or that estimate of effect … No evidence, unable to estimate and effect, or no confidence in estimate of effect.
  4. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/binge-eating_research-protocol.pdf
    July 21, 2014 - For all analyses, we will use random- effects models to estimate pooled or comparative effects. … We are moderately confident that the estimate of effect lies close to the true effect Moderate for this … We have limited confidence that the estimate of effect lies close to the true effect Low for this outcome … We have no evidence, we are unable to estimate an effect, or we have no confidence in Insufficient the … estimate of effect for this outcome.
  5. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/stem-cell-children_research-protocol.pdf
    November 01, 2010 - estimation results)  test used  summary measures  sample variability measures  precision of estimate … categories: • High quality: Further research is very unlikely to change our confidence in the estimate … Moderate quality: Further research is likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate … impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and is likely to change the estimate • Insufficient … : Any estimate of effect is very uncertain If concerns arise with the body of evidence, additional
  6. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/diagnostic-tests-accuracy_research.pdf
    January 01, 2013 - The p ’s in Table 4 estimate the corresponding probabilities (π ’s) in Table 3. … For example, the estimate of the probability of a true positive result in study k is π̂ D k , 1= x … We estimate TPR by T PRk = π̂ D k , 1 , and FPR by F PRk = π̂ D k , 1 . … For each combination of test results, the estimate of the population proportion is π̂ D k = xDk … (41) In an analogous manner, to estimate differences between summary logit-FPRs for tests i and
  7. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/venous-ulcers-treatment-future_research.pdf
    January 01, 2014 - Further research may change our confidence in the estimate of the effect and may change the estimate. … the estimate. … Further research may change our confidence in the estimate of the effect and may change the estimate. … the estimate. … the estimate.
  8. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/recombinant-factor-viia_disposition-comments.pdf
    June 01, 2010 - This is still a much higher usage rate than the estimate of 1.5% of rescue therapy in the “real world … The highest estimate of off-label use that is consistent with any current data (including the Premier … This high estimate would assume that all patients receive an average dose of 90 mcg/kg body weight. … of some 330,000 total eligible procedures.12 Even using the liberal estimate provided in the Draft … A liberal estimate from the Premier dataset would suggest that approximately 2,000 patients with ICH
  9. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/disruptive-behavior-disorder_research-protocol.pdf
    January 30, 2014 - In addition, we will use the full-text screening form to estimate the numbers of studies available to … The random effects in such a model will allow both an estimate of the overall (population) effect as … Moderate We are moderately confident that the estimate of effect lies close to the true effect for this … Insufficient We have no evidence, we are unable to estimate an effect, or we have no confidence in the … estimate of effect for this outcome.
  10. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/study-design-considerations-chapter-2.pptx
    January 01, 2013 - The estimation of the odds ratio in a case-control study is a computationally more efficient way to estimate … Flexible matching strategies to increase power and efficiency to detect and estimate gene-environment … A conditional Poisson regression is used to estimate the incidence rate ratio within individuals. … discuss the potential for confounding by time-varying factors and clearly state how the resulting effect estimate
  11. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/estimation-and-reporting_chapter-3.pptx
    January 01, 2013 - Analyses of heterogeneity of treatment effect have two main goals: To estimate treatment effects in clinically … To estimate treatment effects in clinically relevant subgroups (subgroup analysis) 2.
  12. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/hepatitis-c-screening_executive.pdf
    November 01, 2012 - percent of patients after at least 10 years of followup.14,30-35 Overall, studies of community cohorts estimate … the true 8 effect and that further research is very unlikely to change our confidence in the estimate … that the evidence reflects the true effect and further research may change our confidence in the estimate … of effect and may change the estimate. … of effect and is likely to change the estimate.
  13. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/ehc-presentation-quantitative-synthesis-chapter-2.pdf
    February 01, 2018 - ► SMD is computed as the mean effect divided by a pooled estimate of the standard error, putting … of the treatment and control groups: 𝑑𝑑 = 𝑚𝑚𝑁𝑁 −𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 𝑆𝑆𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑑𝑑 ► This estimate
  14. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/related_files/ankyloglossia_executive.pdf
    May 01, 2015 - Further research may change our confidence in the estimate of effect and may change the estimate. … Further research is likely to change confidence in the estimate of effect and is also likely to change … the estimate … We considered the strength of evidence (confidence in the estimate of effect) to be low for an immediate
  15. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/migraine-emergency_research-protocol.pdf
    July 18, 2011 - reflects the true effect and further research is very unlikely to change our confidence in the estimate … the evidence reflects the true effect and that further research may change our confidence in the estimate … of effect and may change the estimate); “low” (indicating low confidence that the evidence reflects … the true effect and that further research is likely to change our confidence in the estimate of effect … and is likely to change the estimate); and (4) “insufficient” (indicating that evidence is either
  16. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/patient-centered-medical-home_research-protocol.pdf
    February 23, 2012 - Further research is very unlikely to change our confidence in the estimate of effect. … Further research may change our confidence in the estimate of effect and may change the estimate. … Further research is likely to change the confidence in the estimate of effect and is likely to change … the estimate.
  17. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/migraine-prevention_research-protocol.pdf
    November 03, 2011 - Further research is very unlikely to change our confidence in the estimate of effect. … Further research may change our confidence in the estimate of effect and may change the estimate. … Further research is likely to change the confidence in the estimate of effect and is likely to change … the estimate.
  18. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/cad-women-diagnosis_research-protocol.pdf
    June 06, 2011 - Further research is very unlikely to change our confidence in the estimate of effect. … Further research may change our confidence in the estimate of effect and may change the estimate. … Further research is likely to change the confidence in the estimate of effect and is likely to change … the estimate.
  19. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/asthma-immunotherapy_research-protocol.pdf
    September 14, 2016 - evidence reflects the true effect and further research is very unlikely to change our confidence in the estimate … that the evidence reflects the true effect but further research could change our confidence in the estimate … of the effect and may change the estimate); (3) “Low” grade (indicating low confidence that the evidence … reflects the true effect and further research is likely to change our confidence in the estimate of … the effect and is likely to change the estimate); and (4) “Insufficient” grade (indicating evidence
  20. effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/breast-abnormalities-tests-update_research-protocol.pdf
    July 01, 2010 - Although it is possible to estimate diagnostic accuracy from a two-group trial, the results of such … For the review, we will define a “precise” estimate of sensitivity or specificity as being one for which … bound of the 95 percent confidence interval (95% CI) is no more than 5 points away from the summary estimate … ; for example, a sensitivity of 98 percent (95% CI: 97–100%) will be a precise estimate of sensitivity … , whereas a sensitivity of 98 percent (95% CI: 88–100%) will be an imprecise estimate of sensitivity

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